使用此特定函数将元素附加到循环链表的末尾

Append an element to the end of a Circular Linked List with this particular function

我会尽量说清楚。

我在名为 "esercizio.h":

的文件中有这个结构(由于我的老师,我无法更改它)
#ifndef ESERCIZIO_H
#define ESERCIZIO_H

struct ElemSCL{
    int info;
    struct ElemSCL* next;
};

typedef struct ElemSCL NodoSCL;
typedef NodoSCL* TipoSCL;

void accoda(TipoSCL* pscl, int i);
#endif

函数"accoda"必须在循环链表(由TipoSCL* pscl 指向)的末尾添加一个元素(int i)。我试图将函数体写在一个名为 "esercizio.c":

的文件中
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "esercizio.h"

void accoda(TipoSCL* pscl, int i){
    NodoSCL* temp = (NodoSCL*) malloc(sizeof(NodoSCL));
    temp->info = i;
    temp->next = temp;
    if (pscl == NULL){
        return;}
    while ((*pscl)->next != *pscl){
        *pscl = (*pscl)->next;}
    (*temp)->next = (*pscl)->next; //Problems starts here
    (*pscl)->next = *temp;
    }

正如我在我的代码中让您注意到的那样,如果我不添加最后两行,一切正常。如果函数中没有 TypeSCL* 而是 NodeSCL* 我会使用:

temp->next = pscl->next;
pscl->next = temp;}

但是我的老师决定使用 TypeSCL* pscl 而不是 NodeSCL* pscl。

我有一个 "test.h" 文件...

#include "esercizio.h"

#ifndef TEST_H
#define TEST_H

char* toString(TipoSCL scl);

#endif

...和一个 "test.c" 文件,带有 main() 函数和所有让我检查我的代码是否正常工作的输入:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "../libtest/libtest.h"
#include "test.h"
#include "esercizio.h"


const int NTEST=5;

TipoSCL input[5];
int add[5] = {1,2,3,4,5};
TipoSCL expected[5];


int main(int argc, char** argv){


    input[0] = NULL;

    input[1] = (TipoSCL) malloc(sizeof(NodoSCL));
    input[1] -> info = 1;
    input[1] -> next = input[1];

    input[2] = (TipoSCL) malloc(sizeof(NodoSCL));
    input[2] -> info = 1;
    input[2] -> next = (TipoSCL) malloc(sizeof(NodoSCL));
    input[2] -> next -> info = 2;
    input[2] -> next -> next = input[2];

    input[3] = (TipoSCL) malloc(sizeof(NodoSCL));
    input[3] -> info = 1;
    input[3] -> next = (TipoSCL) malloc(sizeof(NodoSCL));
    input[3] -> next -> info = 2;
    input[3] -> next -> next = (TipoSCL) malloc(sizeof(NodoSCL));
    input[3] -> next -> next -> info = 3;
    input[3] -> next -> next -> next = input[3];

    input[4] = (TipoSCL) malloc(sizeof(NodoSCL));
    input[4] -> info = 1;
    input[4] -> next = (TipoSCL) malloc(sizeof(NodoSCL));
    input[4] -> next -> info = 2;
    input[4] -> next -> next = (TipoSCL) malloc(sizeof(NodoSCL));
    input[4] -> next -> next -> info = 3;
    input[4] -> next -> next -> next = (TipoSCL) malloc(sizeof(NodoSCL));
    input[4] -> next -> next -> next -> info = 4;
    input[4] -> next -> next -> next -> next = input[4];

    expected[0] = (TipoSCL) malloc(sizeof(NodoSCL));
    expected[0] -> info = 1;
    expected[0] -> next = expected[0];

    expected[1] = (TipoSCL) malloc(sizeof(NodoSCL));
    expected[1] -> info = 1;
    expected[1] -> next = (TipoSCL) malloc(sizeof(NodoSCL));
    expected[1] -> next -> info = 2;
    expected[1] -> next -> next = expected[1];

    expected[2] = (TipoSCL) malloc(sizeof(NodoSCL));
    expected[2] -> info = 1;
    expected[2] -> next = (TipoSCL) malloc(sizeof(NodoSCL));
    expected[2] -> next -> info = 2;
    expected[2] -> next -> next = (TipoSCL) malloc(sizeof(NodoSCL));
    expected[2] -> next -> next -> info = 3;
    expected[2] -> next -> next -> next = expected[2];

    expected[3] = (TipoSCL) malloc(sizeof(NodoSCL));
    expected[3] -> info = 1;
    expected[3] -> next = (TipoSCL) malloc(sizeof(NodoSCL));
    expected[3] -> next -> info = 2;
    expected[3] -> next -> next = (TipoSCL) malloc(sizeof(NodoSCL));
    expected[3] -> next -> next -> info = 3;
    expected[3] -> next -> next -> next = (TipoSCL) malloc(sizeof(NodoSCL));
    expected[3] -> next -> next -> next -> info = 4;
    expected[3] -> next -> next -> next -> next = expected[3];

    expected[4] = (TipoSCL) malloc(sizeof(NodoSCL));
    expected[4] -> info = 1;
    expected[4] -> next = (TipoSCL) malloc(sizeof(NodoSCL));
    expected[4] -> next -> info = 2;
    expected[4] -> next -> next = (TipoSCL) malloc(sizeof(NodoSCL));
    expected[4] -> next -> next -> info = 3;
    expected[4] -> next -> next -> next = (TipoSCL) malloc(sizeof(NodoSCL));
    expected[4] -> next -> next -> next -> info = 4;
    expected[4] -> next -> next -> next -> next = (TipoSCL) malloc(sizeof(NodoSCL));
    expected[4] -> next -> next -> next -> next -> info = 5;
    expected[4] -> next -> next -> next -> next  -> next = expected[4];




    test_reset();

    for (int i = 0; i < NTEST; i++) {
        print_test_start(i+1);
        printf("Funzione: accoda\n");
        printf("Input: %s\n", toString(input[i]));

        accoda(&input[i],add[i]);

        test_compare_strings(toString(expected[i]),toString(input[i]));

        print_test_end();
        print_n_success("#Test superati: ");
    }
    print_test_result("Percentuale test corretti:");
}


char* toString(TipoSCL scl){
    char* res = (char*) malloc(200*sizeof(char));
    res[0] = '[';
    res[1] = '[=14=]';
    TipoSCL aux = scl;
    if (aux != NULL) {
        char buf[10];
        do{
            sprintf(buf,"%d->",aux -> info);
            strcat(res,buf);
            aux = aux -> next;
        }
        while(aux != scl);
        sprintf(buf,"|%d",aux -> info);
        strcat(res,buf);
        aux = aux -> next;
    }
    strcat(res,"]");
    return res;
}

我的代码 "everything is ok if I don't add the lasts two rows" 是什么意思? 当我 运行 我的程序(感谢终端和 cd make )没有

(*temp)->next = (*pscl)->next; //Problems starts here
(*pscl)->next = *temp;

测试 运行 没有问题(当然,它说我没有一个正确的结果。但是如果我将这两行添加到我的代码中,我得到 "Segmentation fault: 11"。

我认为你的 pscl 指针必须到达链表的末尾,然后它应该插入临时元素。 你能做的是

    void add(TypeSCL* pscl, int i){
    NodeSCL* temp = (NodeSCL*) malloc(sizeof(NodeSCL));
    temp->info = i;
    temp->next = temp;
    if (pscl == NULL){
    return;
    while(pscl->next != pscl)
    pscl = pscl->next;
    temp->next = (*pscl)->next; //THINGS GO WRONG HERE...
    (*pscl)->next = temp;       //...AND HERE
     }

'

尝试将您的添加函数更改为此 ::

void add(TypeSCL* pscl, int i){
    NodeSCL* temp = (NodeSCL*) malloc(sizeof(NodeSCL));
    temp->info = i;
    temp->next = temp;
    if (*pscl == NULL){
    *pscl = temp;
        return;} 
    NodeSCL *tempCheck = *pscl;
    while(tempCheck->next != *pscl) {
        tempCheck = tempCheck->next;
    }
    tempCheck->next = temp;
    temp->next = (*pscl); 
}

你做错的事 :: 你需要意识到 C 中的所有东西都是按值传递的,所以如果你传递一个指针,那个指针也是按值传递的。因此,当您的老师告诉您使用 TypeSCL* pscl 时,它的意思是 NodeSCL **pscl,她是对的,因为您不能使用 NodeSCL *pscl,这可能有助于您理解我为什么这样说 :: What is the reason for using a double pointer when adding a node in a linked list?

此外,在您的情况下,当 pscl == NULL 首先应该是 *pscl == NULL 您需要将 *pscl 设置为您的新节点。

接下来,如果你想在最后添加一个新节点,你应该使用一个while循环,正如@Neha Chauhan所提到的。

接下来,您使用的最后两个语句::

(*temp)->next = (*pscl)->next;
(*pscl)->next = *temp;

您正在将新添加节点的 next 设置为链表的第二个元素,这没有任何意义。

我已经使用变量NodeSCL *tempCheck移动到了链表的最后一个节点!

所以,最后两行应该像

tempCheck->next = temp;
temp->next = (*pscl); 

最后,兄弟,你需要通过指导来提高你的基础知识。 (别介意!)

编辑::

为什么你的测试在没有最后两行的情况下也能工作::因为,对于你编写的代码,你的链表的大小始终为 1,第一个元素之后没有添加任何元素!因此,测试运行,但失败了!