Octave 使用 'for' 语句同时显示两个动画
Octave using 'for' statement to show two animations simultaneously
我想使用 'for' 语句制作 TOF-MS 光谱仪（飞行时间质谱仪）的动画。我能够制作一个脚本来模拟管内离子的飞行。这是脚本：
%Definiranje konstanti
e = 1.609e-19;
u = 1.6605391e-27;
U = 15;
L = 1;
n = 1;
%Ulazni parametri i funkcije
m1 = 4; %He
m2 = 12; %C
m3 = 16; %O
T1 = L * sqrt( (m1 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v1 = L/T1;
T2 = L * sqrt( (m2 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v2 = L/T2;
T3 = L * sqrt( (m3 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v3 = L/T3;
%Opcije grafa
axis equal;
xlim ([0 1]);
ylim ([0 0.5]);
axis off;
%Linije spektrometra
rectangle ("position", [0.0, 0.0, 1, 0.3],
"curvature", [0.033, 0.1],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.9, 0.6, 0.4],
"facealpha", 0.1);
%Izvor iona
rectangle ("position", [0.01, 0.13, 0.02, 0.04],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.5, 0.2, 0.8],
"facealpha", 0.1);
%Napon
rectangle ("position", [0.04, 0.0, 0.025, 0.14],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.2, 0.7],
"edgecolor", "none");
rectangle ("position", [0.04, 0.16, 0.025, 0.14],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.2, 0.7],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Detektor
rectangle ("position", [0.99, 0.1, 0.01, 0.08],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.2, 0.7],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Tekst
text (-0.05, 0.15, "izvor \niona", "fontsize", 20);
text (0.05, 0.33, "ubrzavajuci \nnapon", "fontsize", 20);
text (0.99, 0.32, "detektor", "fontsize", 20);
%Legenda
%He
rectangle ("position", [0.3, 0.45, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
text (0.35, 0.455, "He^+", "fontsize", 20);
%C
rectangle ("position", [0.2975, 0.40, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
text (0.35, 0.4075, "C^+", "fontsize", 20);
%O
rectangle ("position", [0.295, 0.35, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
text (0.35, 0.36, "O^+", "fontsize", 20);
%Ioni
t = 0 : 4d-8 : T3;
for k = 1 : length (t)
%Ioni m1,v1
h11 = rectangle ("position", [0.05 + v1 * t(k), 0.145, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
h12 = rectangle ("position", [0.04 + v1 * t(k), 0.148, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
h13 = rectangle ("position", [0.03 + v1 * t(k), 0.143, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Ioni m2,v2
h21 = rectangle ("position", [0.05 + v2 * t(k), 0.1425, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
h22 = rectangle ("position", [0.04 + v2 * t(k), 0.1455, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
h23 = rectangle ("position", [0.025 + v2 * t(k), 0.1405, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Ioni m3,v3
h31 = rectangle ("position", [0.05 + v3 * t(k), 0.14, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
h32 = rectangle ("position", [0.06 + v3 * t(k), 0.142, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
h33 = rectangle ("position", [0.035 + v3 * t(k), 0.138, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Pauza izmedu dvije iteracije petlje
pause (0.001);
%Nakon svake iteracije, obrisati sliku iona iz prethodne
delete (h11);
delete (h12);
delete (h13);
delete (h21);
delete (h22);
delete (h23);
delete (h31);
delete (h32);
delete (h33);
endfor
%Print slike
print primjer_tof_ms2.png
现在我还想添加一个光谱，该光谱绘制为离子飞行并撞击检测器。光谱是洛伦兹函数的总和，洛伦兹函数在特定离子撞击检测器的时刻具有峰值。我制作了一个单独为这个情节制作动画的脚本：
%Definiranje konstanti
e = 1.609e-19;
u = 1.6605391e-27;
U = 15;
L = 1;
n = 1;
%Ulazni parametri i funkcije
m1 = 4; %He
m2 = 12; %C
m3 = 16; %O
T1 = L * sqrt( (m1 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v1 = L/T1;
T2 = L * sqrt( (m2 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v2 = L/T2;
T3 = L * sqrt( (m3 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v3 = L/T3;
x01 = T1;
x02 = T2;
x03 = T3;
fwhm = 1d-7;
t = 0 : 0.4d-7 : 3d-6;
%Spektar = zbroj Lorentz-ovih funkcija (lf)
lf = ((fwhm^2)./((t-x01).^2 + fwhm^2))/(pi * fwhm) + ...
((fwhm^2)./((t-x02).^2 + fwhm^2))/(pi * fwhm) + ...
((fwhm^2)./((t-x03).^2 + fwhm^2))/(pi * fwhm);
for k = 1:length(t)
axes ("position", [0.5, 0.67, 0.2, 0.17]);
plot (t(1:k), lf(1:k), "linewidth", 2);
axis ([0 3d-6 0 5d6])
legend ("off");
set (gca, "xtick", []);
set (gca, "ytick", []);
ht = title(['t = ' num2str(t(k)) ' s']);
pause (0.001);
delete (ht);
endfor
title(['t = ' num2str(t(k))]);
但是当我尝试组合这两个代码时，在第一次迭代之后，只有光谱图继续动画直到结束，而以离子作为图形对象的图形停止了。我试图将两个图放在同一个 'for' 循环中：
%Definiranje konstanti
e = 1.609e-19;
u = 1.6605391e-27;
U = 15;
L = 1;
n = 1;
%Ulazni parametri i funkcije
m1 = 4; %He
m2 = 12; %C
m3 = 16; %O
T1 = L * sqrt( (m1 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v1 = L/T1;
T2 = L * sqrt( (m2 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v2 = L/T2;
T3 = L * sqrt( (m3 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v3 = L/T3;
%Opcije grafa
axis equal;
xlim ([0 1]);
ylim ([0 0.5]);
axis off;
%Linije spektrometra
rectangle ("position", [0.0, 0.0, 1, 0.3],
"curvature", [0.033, 0.1],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.9, 0.6, 0.4],
"facealpha", 0.1);
%Izvor iona
rectangle ("position", [0.01, 0.13, 0.02, 0.04],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.5, 0.2, 0.8],
"facealpha", 0.1);
%Napon
rectangle ("position", [0.04, 0.0, 0.025, 0.14],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.2, 0.7],
"edgecolor", "none");
rectangle ("position", [0.04, 0.16, 0.025, 0.14],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.2, 0.7],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Detektor
rectangle ("position", [0.99, 0.1, 0.01, 0.08],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.2, 0.7],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Tekst
text (-0.05, 0.15, "izvor \niona", "fontsize", 20);
text (0.05, 0.33, "ubrzavajuci \nnapon", "fontsize", 20);
text (0.99, 0.32, "detektor", "fontsize", 20);
%Legenda
%He
rectangle ("position", [0.3, 0.45, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
text (0.35, 0.455, "He^+", "fontsize", 20);
%C
rectangle ("position", [0.2975, 0.40, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
text (0.35, 0.4075, "C^+", "fontsize", 20);
%O
rectangle ("position", [0.295, 0.35, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
text (0.35, 0.36, "O^+", "fontsize", 20);
%Ioni
t = 0 : 4d-8 : T3;
for k = 1 : length (t)
%Ioni m1,v1
h11 = rectangle ("position", [0.05 + v1 * t(k), 0.145, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
h12 = rectangle ("position", [0.04 + v1 * t(k), 0.148, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
h13 = rectangle ("position", [0.03 + v1 * t(k), 0.143, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Ioni m2,v2
h21 = rectangle ("position", [0.05 + v2 * t(k), 0.1425, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
h22 = rectangle ("position", [0.04 + v2 * t(k), 0.1455, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
h23 = rectangle ("position", [0.025 + v2 * t(k), 0.1405, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Ioni m3,v3
h31 = rectangle ("position", [0.05 + v3 * t(k), 0.14, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
h32 = rectangle ("position", [0.06 + v3 * t(k), 0.142, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
h33 = rectangle ("position", [0.035 + v3 * t(k), 0.138, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
hold on;
x01 = T1;
x02 = T2;
x03 = T3;
fwhm = 1d-7;
%Spektar = zbroj Lorentz-ovih funkcija (lf)
lf = ((fwhm^2)./((t-x01).^2 + fwhm^2))/(pi * fwhm) + ...
((fwhm^2)./((t-x02).^2 + fwhm^2))/(pi * fwhm) + ...
((fwhm^2)./((t-x03).^2 + fwhm^2))/(pi * fwhm);
axes ("position", [0.5, 0.67, 0.2, 0.17]);
plot (t(1:k), lf(1:k), "linewidth", 2);
axis ([0 3d-6 0 5d6])
legend ("off");
set (gca, "xtick", []);
set (gca, "ytick", []);
ht = title(['t = ' num2str(t(k)) ' s']);
delete (ht);
title(['t = ' num2str(t(k))]);
%Pauza izmedu dvije iteracije petlje
pause (0.001);
%Nakon svake iteracije, obrisati sliku iona iz prethodne
delete (h11);
delete (h12);
delete (h13);
delete (h21);
delete (h22);
delete (h23);
delete (h31);
delete (h32);
delete (h33);
hold off;
endfor
%Print slike
print primjer_tof_ms2.png
有没有人想在同一个图形上为这两组对象制作动画？
提前致谢。
最好的问候，
伊戈尔
您正在使用此行
在循环的每次迭代中创建 axes
axes ("position", [0.5, 0.67, 0.2, 0.17]);
这也将它们设置为当前的。
然后，当你做 rectangle 事情时，这些矩形会绘制在你为光谱创建的小轴上，这些矩形会立即被你创建的新轴覆盖。您使用 axis equal; 隐式创建的第一个轴一直未使用。
相反，您应该在循环外创建图形对象并在循环内使用对它们的引用。大多数绘图函数可以接受轴的句柄作为它们的第一个参数。或者您可以在调用绘图函数之前显式设置当前轴。最小示例是：
h = figure;
ax1 = axes('position',[.1,.5,.4,.4]);
ax2 = axes('position',[.5,.1,.4,.4]);
v = -10;
wmin = 0; dw=0.1; Wmax = 6*pi();
w = [wmin:dw:Wmax];
t0 = 0; dt = 0.01; T = 10;
for t = t0:dt:T;
x = w/Wmax .*cos(w+t*v);
y = w/Wmax .*sin(w+t*v);
plot(ax1,x,y);%specificaly plot to ax1 (also sets it as current)
axes(ax2)%set ax2 as current axis
plot(w,x,w,y);%plot to the current axis
pause(0.1)
end
然后还有一些注意事项、意外行为或错误取决于所选的图形工具包和 Octave 版本。我在尝试您的代码时 运行 发现 title 对象被 plot 破坏，因此您必须重新创建它而不是更新它的文本 属性。我依稀记得以前在与八度绘图相关的其他情况下不得不求助于其他解决方法。因此，了解它应该如何工作可能会有所帮助，在 运行 中阅读 the documentation 可能是值得的。我会推荐其他东西，但仅此而已。
由于我已经开始通过尝试您的代码来回答问题，因此您可以使用它的稍微更好用的版本。虽然没有保修。
%Definiranje konstanti
e = 1.609e-19;
u = 1.6605391e-27;
U = 15;
L = 1;
n = 1;
%Ulazni parametri i funkcije
m1 = 4; %He
m2 = 12; %C
m3 = 16; %O
T1 = L * sqrt( (m1 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v1 = L/T1;
T2 = L * sqrt( (m2 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v2 = L/T2;
T3 = L * sqrt( (m3 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v3 = L/T3;
%Opcije grafa
ax1 = axes();%create axes for particles
axis equal;
xlim ([0 1]);
ylim ([0 0.5]);
axis off;
ax2 = axes ("position", [0.5, 0.67, 0.2, 0.17]);%create axes for spectrum (also activates them)
axis ([0 3d-6 0 5d6])
legend ("off");
set (ax2, "xtick", []);
set (ax2, "ytick", []);
axes(ax1)%activate axes for particles
%Linije spektrometra
rectangle ("position", [0.0, 0.0, 1, 0.3],
"curvature", [0.033, 0.1],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.9, 0.6, 0.4],
"facealpha", 0.1);
%Izvor iona
rectangle ("position", [0.01, 0.13, 0.02, 0.04],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.5, 0.2, 0.8],
"facealpha", 0.1);
%Napon
rectangle ("position", [0.04, 0.0, 0.025, 0.14],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.2, 0.7],
"edgecolor", "none");
rectangle ("position", [0.04, 0.16, 0.025, 0.14],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.2, 0.7],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Detektor
rectangle ("position", [0.99, 0.1, 0.01, 0.08],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.2, 0.7],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Tekst
text (-0.05, 0.15, "izvor \niona", "fontsize", 20);
text (0.05, 0.33, "ubrzavajuci \nnapon", "fontsize", 20);
text (0.99, 0.32, "detektor", "fontsize", 20);
%Legenda
%He
rectangle ("position", [0.3, 0.45, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
text (0.35, 0.455, "He^+", "fontsize", 20);
%C
rectangle ("position", [0.2975, 0.40, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
text (0.35, 0.4075, "C^+", "fontsize", 20);
%O
rectangle ("position", [0.295, 0.35, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
text (0.35, 0.36, "O^+", "fontsize", 20);
%Ioni
t = 0 : 4d-8 : T3;
for k = 1 : length (t)
axes(ax1)%activate axes for particles
%Ioni m1,v1
h11 = rectangle ("position", [0.05 + v1 * t(k), 0.145, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
h12 = rectangle ("position", [0.04 + v1 * t(k), 0.148, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
h13 = rectangle ("position", [0.03 + v1 * t(k), 0.143, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Ioni m2,v2
h21 = rectangle ("position", [0.05 + v2 * t(k), 0.1425, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
h22 = rectangle ("position", [0.04 + v2 * t(k), 0.1455, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
h23 = rectangle ("position", [0.025 + v2 * t(k), 0.1405, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Ioni m3,v3
h31 = rectangle ("position", [0.05 + v3 * t(k), 0.14, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
h32 = rectangle ("position", [0.06 + v3 * t(k), 0.142, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
h33 = rectangle ("position", [0.035 + v3 * t(k), 0.138, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
hold on;
x01 = T1;
x02 = T2;
x03 = T3;
fwhm = 1d-7;
%Spektar = zbroj Lorentz-ovih funkcija (lf)
lf = ((fwhm^2)./((t-x01).^2 + fwhm^2))/(pi * fwhm) + ...
((fwhm^2)./((t-x02).^2 + fwhm^2))/(pi * fwhm) + ...
((fwhm^2)./((t-x03).^2 + fwhm^2))/(pi * fwhm);
plot (ax2,t(1:k), lf(1:k), "linewidth", 2);%plot on spectrum axes (activates them)
legend ("off");
set (ax2, "xtick", []);%these properties are reset by each plot, need to set them in loop
set (ax2, "ytick", []);
title(['t = ' num2str(t(k))]);
%Pauza izmedu dvije iteracije petlje
pause (0.001);
%Nakon svake iteracije, obrisati sliku iona iz prethodne
delete (h11);
delete (h12);
delete (h13);
delete (h21);
delete (h22);
delete (h23);
delete (h31);
delete (h32);
delete (h33);
hold off;
endfor
我想使用 'for' 语句制作 TOF-MS 光谱仪（飞行时间质谱仪）的动画。我能够制作一个脚本来模拟管内离子的飞行。这是脚本：
%Definiranje konstanti
e = 1.609e-19;
u = 1.6605391e-27;
U = 15;
L = 1;
n = 1;
%Ulazni parametri i funkcije
m1 = 4; %He
m2 = 12; %C
m3 = 16; %O
T1 = L * sqrt( (m1 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v1 = L/T1;
T2 = L * sqrt( (m2 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v2 = L/T2;
T3 = L * sqrt( (m3 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v3 = L/T3;
%Opcije grafa
axis equal;
xlim ([0 1]);
ylim ([0 0.5]);
axis off;
%Linije spektrometra
rectangle ("position", [0.0, 0.0, 1, 0.3],
"curvature", [0.033, 0.1],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.9, 0.6, 0.4],
"facealpha", 0.1);
%Izvor iona
rectangle ("position", [0.01, 0.13, 0.02, 0.04],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.5, 0.2, 0.8],
"facealpha", 0.1);
%Napon
rectangle ("position", [0.04, 0.0, 0.025, 0.14],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.2, 0.7],
"edgecolor", "none");
rectangle ("position", [0.04, 0.16, 0.025, 0.14],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.2, 0.7],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Detektor
rectangle ("position", [0.99, 0.1, 0.01, 0.08],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.2, 0.7],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Tekst
text (-0.05, 0.15, "izvor \niona", "fontsize", 20);
text (0.05, 0.33, "ubrzavajuci \nnapon", "fontsize", 20);
text (0.99, 0.32, "detektor", "fontsize", 20);
%Legenda
%He
rectangle ("position", [0.3, 0.45, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
text (0.35, 0.455, "He^+", "fontsize", 20);
%C
rectangle ("position", [0.2975, 0.40, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
text (0.35, 0.4075, "C^+", "fontsize", 20);
%O
rectangle ("position", [0.295, 0.35, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
text (0.35, 0.36, "O^+", "fontsize", 20);
%Ioni
t = 0 : 4d-8 : T3;
for k = 1 : length (t)
%Ioni m1,v1
h11 = rectangle ("position", [0.05 + v1 * t(k), 0.145, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
h12 = rectangle ("position", [0.04 + v1 * t(k), 0.148, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
h13 = rectangle ("position", [0.03 + v1 * t(k), 0.143, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Ioni m2,v2
h21 = rectangle ("position", [0.05 + v2 * t(k), 0.1425, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
h22 = rectangle ("position", [0.04 + v2 * t(k), 0.1455, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
h23 = rectangle ("position", [0.025 + v2 * t(k), 0.1405, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Ioni m3,v3
h31 = rectangle ("position", [0.05 + v3 * t(k), 0.14, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
h32 = rectangle ("position", [0.06 + v3 * t(k), 0.142, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
h33 = rectangle ("position", [0.035 + v3 * t(k), 0.138, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Pauza izmedu dvije iteracije petlje
pause (0.001);
%Nakon svake iteracije, obrisati sliku iona iz prethodne
delete (h11);
delete (h12);
delete (h13);
delete (h21);
delete (h22);
delete (h23);
delete (h31);
delete (h32);
delete (h33);
endfor
%Print slike
print primjer_tof_ms2.png
现在我还想添加一个光谱，该光谱绘制为离子飞行并撞击检测器。光谱是洛伦兹函数的总和，洛伦兹函数在特定离子撞击检测器的时刻具有峰值。我制作了一个单独为这个情节制作动画的脚本：
%Definiranje konstanti
e = 1.609e-19;
u = 1.6605391e-27;
U = 15;
L = 1;
n = 1;
%Ulazni parametri i funkcije
m1 = 4; %He
m2 = 12; %C
m3 = 16; %O
T1 = L * sqrt( (m1 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v1 = L/T1;
T2 = L * sqrt( (m2 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v2 = L/T2;
T3 = L * sqrt( (m3 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v3 = L/T3;
x01 = T1;
x02 = T2;
x03 = T3;
fwhm = 1d-7;
t = 0 : 0.4d-7 : 3d-6;
%Spektar = zbroj Lorentz-ovih funkcija (lf)
lf = ((fwhm^2)./((t-x01).^2 + fwhm^2))/(pi * fwhm) + ...
((fwhm^2)./((t-x02).^2 + fwhm^2))/(pi * fwhm) + ...
((fwhm^2)./((t-x03).^2 + fwhm^2))/(pi * fwhm);
for k = 1:length(t)
axes ("position", [0.5, 0.67, 0.2, 0.17]);
plot (t(1:k), lf(1:k), "linewidth", 2);
axis ([0 3d-6 0 5d6])
legend ("off");
set (gca, "xtick", []);
set (gca, "ytick", []);
ht = title(['t = ' num2str(t(k)) ' s']);
pause (0.001);
delete (ht);
endfor
title(['t = ' num2str(t(k))]);
但是当我尝试组合这两个代码时，在第一次迭代之后，只有光谱图继续动画直到结束，而以离子作为图形对象的图形停止了。我试图将两个图放在同一个 'for' 循环中：
%Definiranje konstanti
e = 1.609e-19;
u = 1.6605391e-27;
U = 15;
L = 1;
n = 1;
%Ulazni parametri i funkcije
m1 = 4; %He
m2 = 12; %C
m3 = 16; %O
T1 = L * sqrt( (m1 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v1 = L/T1;
T2 = L * sqrt( (m2 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v2 = L/T2;
T3 = L * sqrt( (m3 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v3 = L/T3;
%Opcije grafa
axis equal;
xlim ([0 1]);
ylim ([0 0.5]);
axis off;
%Linije spektrometra
rectangle ("position", [0.0, 0.0, 1, 0.3],
"curvature", [0.033, 0.1],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.9, 0.6, 0.4],
"facealpha", 0.1);
%Izvor iona
rectangle ("position", [0.01, 0.13, 0.02, 0.04],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.5, 0.2, 0.8],
"facealpha", 0.1);
%Napon
rectangle ("position", [0.04, 0.0, 0.025, 0.14],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.2, 0.7],
"edgecolor", "none");
rectangle ("position", [0.04, 0.16, 0.025, 0.14],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.2, 0.7],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Detektor
rectangle ("position", [0.99, 0.1, 0.01, 0.08],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.2, 0.7],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Tekst
text (-0.05, 0.15, "izvor \niona", "fontsize", 20);
text (0.05, 0.33, "ubrzavajuci \nnapon", "fontsize", 20);
text (0.99, 0.32, "detektor", "fontsize", 20);
%Legenda
%He
rectangle ("position", [0.3, 0.45, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
text (0.35, 0.455, "He^+", "fontsize", 20);
%C
rectangle ("position", [0.2975, 0.40, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
text (0.35, 0.4075, "C^+", "fontsize", 20);
%O
rectangle ("position", [0.295, 0.35, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
text (0.35, 0.36, "O^+", "fontsize", 20);
%Ioni
t = 0 : 4d-8 : T3;
for k = 1 : length (t)
%Ioni m1,v1
h11 = rectangle ("position", [0.05 + v1 * t(k), 0.145, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
h12 = rectangle ("position", [0.04 + v1 * t(k), 0.148, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
h13 = rectangle ("position", [0.03 + v1 * t(k), 0.143, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Ioni m2,v2
h21 = rectangle ("position", [0.05 + v2 * t(k), 0.1425, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
h22 = rectangle ("position", [0.04 + v2 * t(k), 0.1455, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
h23 = rectangle ("position", [0.025 + v2 * t(k), 0.1405, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Ioni m3,v3
h31 = rectangle ("position", [0.05 + v3 * t(k), 0.14, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
h32 = rectangle ("position", [0.06 + v3 * t(k), 0.142, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
h33 = rectangle ("position", [0.035 + v3 * t(k), 0.138, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
hold on;
x01 = T1;
x02 = T2;
x03 = T3;
fwhm = 1d-7;
%Spektar = zbroj Lorentz-ovih funkcija (lf)
lf = ((fwhm^2)./((t-x01).^2 + fwhm^2))/(pi * fwhm) + ...
((fwhm^2)./((t-x02).^2 + fwhm^2))/(pi * fwhm) + ...
((fwhm^2)./((t-x03).^2 + fwhm^2))/(pi * fwhm);
axes ("position", [0.5, 0.67, 0.2, 0.17]);
plot (t(1:k), lf(1:k), "linewidth", 2);
axis ([0 3d-6 0 5d6])
legend ("off");
set (gca, "xtick", []);
set (gca, "ytick", []);
ht = title(['t = ' num2str(t(k)) ' s']);
delete (ht);
title(['t = ' num2str(t(k))]);
%Pauza izmedu dvije iteracije petlje
pause (0.001);
%Nakon svake iteracije, obrisati sliku iona iz prethodne
delete (h11);
delete (h12);
delete (h13);
delete (h21);
delete (h22);
delete (h23);
delete (h31);
delete (h32);
delete (h33);
hold off;
endfor
%Print slike
print primjer_tof_ms2.png
有没有人想在同一个图形上为这两组对象制作动画？
提前致谢。 最好的问候，
伊戈尔
您正在使用此行
在循环的每次迭代中创建axes
axes ("position", [0.5, 0.67, 0.2, 0.17]);
这也将它们设置为当前的。
然后，当你做 rectangle 事情时，这些矩形会绘制在你为光谱创建的小轴上，这些矩形会立即被你创建的新轴覆盖。您使用 axis equal; 隐式创建的第一个轴一直未使用。
相反，您应该在循环外创建图形对象并在循环内使用对它们的引用。大多数绘图函数可以接受轴的句柄作为它们的第一个参数。或者您可以在调用绘图函数之前显式设置当前轴。最小示例是：
h = figure;
ax1 = axes('position',[.1,.5,.4,.4]);
ax2 = axes('position',[.5,.1,.4,.4]);
v = -10;
wmin = 0; dw=0.1; Wmax = 6*pi();
w = [wmin:dw:Wmax];
t0 = 0; dt = 0.01; T = 10;
for t = t0:dt:T;
x = w/Wmax .*cos(w+t*v);
y = w/Wmax .*sin(w+t*v);
plot(ax1,x,y);%specificaly plot to ax1 (also sets it as current)
axes(ax2)%set ax2 as current axis
plot(w,x,w,y);%plot to the current axis
pause(0.1)
end
然后还有一些注意事项、意外行为或错误取决于所选的图形工具包和 Octave 版本。我在尝试您的代码时 运行 发现 title 对象被 plot 破坏，因此您必须重新创建它而不是更新它的文本 属性。我依稀记得以前在与八度绘图相关的其他情况下不得不求助于其他解决方法。因此，了解它应该如何工作可能会有所帮助，在 运行 中阅读 the documentation 可能是值得的。我会推荐其他东西，但仅此而已。
由于我已经开始通过尝试您的代码来回答问题，因此您可以使用它的稍微更好用的版本。虽然没有保修。
%Definiranje konstanti
e = 1.609e-19;
u = 1.6605391e-27;
U = 15;
L = 1;
n = 1;
%Ulazni parametri i funkcije
m1 = 4; %He
m2 = 12; %C
m3 = 16; %O
T1 = L * sqrt( (m1 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v1 = L/T1;
T2 = L * sqrt( (m2 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v2 = L/T2;
T3 = L * sqrt( (m3 * u)/(2 * n * e * 1000 * U) );
v3 = L/T3;
%Opcije grafa
ax1 = axes();%create axes for particles
axis equal;
xlim ([0 1]);
ylim ([0 0.5]);
axis off;
ax2 = axes ("position", [0.5, 0.67, 0.2, 0.17]);%create axes for spectrum (also activates them)
axis ([0 3d-6 0 5d6])
legend ("off");
set (ax2, "xtick", []);
set (ax2, "ytick", []);
axes(ax1)%activate axes for particles
%Linije spektrometra
rectangle ("position", [0.0, 0.0, 1, 0.3],
"curvature", [0.033, 0.1],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.9, 0.6, 0.4],
"facealpha", 0.1);
%Izvor iona
rectangle ("position", [0.01, 0.13, 0.02, 0.04],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.5, 0.2, 0.8],
"facealpha", 0.1);
%Napon
rectangle ("position", [0.04, 0.0, 0.025, 0.14],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.2, 0.7],
"edgecolor", "none");
rectangle ("position", [0.04, 0.16, 0.025, 0.14],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.2, 0.7],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Detektor
rectangle ("position", [0.99, 0.1, 0.01, 0.08],
"curvature", [0, 0],
"linewidth", 1.5,
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.2, 0.7],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Tekst
text (-0.05, 0.15, "izvor \niona", "fontsize", 20);
text (0.05, 0.33, "ubrzavajuci \nnapon", "fontsize", 20);
text (0.99, 0.32, "detektor", "fontsize", 20);
%Legenda
%He
rectangle ("position", [0.3, 0.45, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
text (0.35, 0.455, "He^+", "fontsize", 20);
%C
rectangle ("position", [0.2975, 0.40, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
text (0.35, 0.4075, "C^+", "fontsize", 20);
%O
rectangle ("position", [0.295, 0.35, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
text (0.35, 0.36, "O^+", "fontsize", 20);
%Ioni
t = 0 : 4d-8 : T3;
for k = 1 : length (t)
axes(ax1)%activate axes for particles
%Ioni m1,v1
h11 = rectangle ("position", [0.05 + v1 * t(k), 0.145, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
h12 = rectangle ("position", [0.04 + v1 * t(k), 0.148, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
h13 = rectangle ("position", [0.03 + v1 * t(k), 0.143, 0.01, 0.01],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.2, 0.8, 0.6],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Ioni m2,v2
h21 = rectangle ("position", [0.05 + v2 * t(k), 0.1425, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
h22 = rectangle ("position", [0.04 + v2 * t(k), 0.1455, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
h23 = rectangle ("position", [0.025 + v2 * t(k), 0.1405, 0.015, 0.015],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.4, 0.2, 0.8],
"edgecolor", "none");
%Ioni m3,v3
h31 = rectangle ("position", [0.05 + v3 * t(k), 0.14, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
h32 = rectangle ("position", [0.06 + v3 * t(k), 0.142, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
h33 = rectangle ("position", [0.035 + v3 * t(k), 0.138, 0.02, 0.02],
"curvature", [1, 1],
"facecolor", [0.8, 0.2, 0.4],
"edgecolor", "none");
hold on;
x01 = T1;
x02 = T2;
x03 = T3;
fwhm = 1d-7;
%Spektar = zbroj Lorentz-ovih funkcija (lf)
lf = ((fwhm^2)./((t-x01).^2 + fwhm^2))/(pi * fwhm) + ...
((fwhm^2)./((t-x02).^2 + fwhm^2))/(pi * fwhm) + ...
((fwhm^2)./((t-x03).^2 + fwhm^2))/(pi * fwhm);
plot (ax2,t(1:k), lf(1:k), "linewidth", 2);%plot on spectrum axes (activates them)
legend ("off");
set (ax2, "xtick", []);%these properties are reset by each plot, need to set them in loop
set (ax2, "ytick", []);
title(['t = ' num2str(t(k))]);
%Pauza izmedu dvije iteracije petlje
pause (0.001);
%Nakon svake iteracije, obrisati sliku iona iz prethodne
delete (h11);
delete (h12);
delete (h13);
delete (h21);
delete (h22);
delete (h23);
delete (h31);
delete (h32);
delete (h33);
hold off;
endfor