Telnet 设备自动化

Telnet device automation

我尝试使用 telnet 协议连接到 python 设备以进行一些自动化操作(例如一些旧的 Cisco 路由器), 为此,我正在使用 Napalm 库(基于基于 telnetlib 库的 Napalm 库)

问题是当我直接使用 telnetlib 库时它工作正常,但是当我使用 Napalm 或 Netmiko 它给出了这个错误:获取 Telnet 登录失败。

有没有人遇到过这种情况?

PS: 我尝试了一些在互联网上找到的解决方案,但没有任何效果。

提前致谢。

此代码有效(telnetlib 库):

import telnetlib
import time
from pprint import pprint


def to_bytes(line):
    return f"{line}\n".encode("utf-8")


def send_show_command(ip, username, password, enable, commands):
    with telnetlib.Telnet(ip) as telnet:
        telnet.read_until(b"Username")
        telnet.write(to_bytes(username))
        telnet.read_until(b"Password")
        telnet.write(to_bytes(password))
        index, m, output = telnet.expect([b">", b"#"])
        if index == 0:
            telnet.write(b"enable\n")
            telnet.read_until(b"Password")
            telnet.write(to_bytes(enable))
            telnet.read_until(b"#", timeout=5)
        telnet.write(b"terminal length 0\n")
        telnet.read_until(b"#", timeout=5)
        time.sleep(3)
        telnet.read_very_eager()

        result = {}
        for command in commands:
            telnet.write(to_bytes(command))
            output = telnet.read_until(b"#", timeout=5).decode("utf-8")
            result[command] = output.replace("\r\n", "\n")
        return result


if __name__ == "__main__":
    devices = ["1.1.1.1"]
    commands = ["sh ip int br"]
    for ip in devices:
        result = send_show_command(ip, "username", "password", "", commands)
        pprint(result, width=120)

此代码return登录错误(napalm库):

from napalm import get_network_driver
from pprint import pprint
  
driver = get_network_driver('ios')
conn_method = {'port': 23, 'transport': 'telnet', 'global_delay_factor': 2, 'secret': ''}
host = '1.1.1.1'
user = 'username'
passwd = 'password'
  

with driver(hostname=host, username=user, password=passwd, optional_args=conn_method ) as device:
    print('Getting facts')
    pprint(device.get_facts())

此代码return登录错误(netmiko库):

import os
from netmiko import ConnectHandler

switch = {
    'device_type': 'cisco_ios_telnet',
    'ip': '1.1.1.1',
    "username": "username",
    "password": "password",
    "timeout": 15

}

net_connect = ConnectHandler(**switch)
print(net_connect)

正如您已经提到的,NAPALM 使用 telnetlib 进行 telnet 连接。但是它在 netmiko.

的帮助下使用它

关于您的问题,该问题可能是由于以下因素引起的:

  1. 连接超时
  2. 认证超时

尝试在conn_method变量中添加conn_timeout: 30auth_timeout: 30(以30秒为例)为您的申请留出时间连接并验证网络设备。

还建议将 fast_cli 设置为 False(默认值为 True)。 fast_cli 只是将 延迟因子 乘以 0.1。因此,如果您的延迟因子为 1(100 秒),则意味着应用程序只有 10 秒的时间来抓取远程网络设备上发生的事情,这在某些情况下并不总是足够的。 此行为仅在使用 CiscoBaseConnection.

的情况下

For BaseConnection, fast_cli default value is False.

这是您案例的完整工作演示

from pprint import pprint

from napalm import get_network_driver

driver = get_network_driver("ios")

creds = {
    "hostname": "192.168.1.150",
    "username": "cisco",
    "password": "cisco",
}

optionals = {
    "transport": "telnet",  # no need for port 23. It implicilty knows what port to set
    "secret": "", 
    "conn_timeout": 30,
    "auth_timeout": 30,
    "fast_cli": False,  # no need for global_delay_factor now in case of get_facts() only
}


with driver(**creds, optional_args=optionals) as device:
    print("Port:", device.device.port)  # prints 23
    print("Parsing facts...")
    facts = device.get_facts()
pprint(facts)