为什么我不能在 Common Lisp 中读取这个文件?

Why I can't read this file in Common Lisp?

我正在尝试使用 Common Lisp with-open-file 读取文件。在我的环境中,我使用 SBCL、Emacs 和 Slime。

我可以使用以下方式打开 this one(书签到 read.lisp)之类的文件:

(defun read-my-file ()
  (with-open-file
   (stream "~/miscellaneous/misc/symbolic-computation/bookmarks-to-read.lisp")
    (let ((contents
            (read-all-objects stream (list '$eof$))))
      (format t "~&Read ~S objects from the file."
              (length contents))
      contents)))

(defun read-all-objects (stream eof-indicator)
  (let ((result (read stream nil eof-indicator)))
    (if (eq result eof-indicator)
        nil
        (cons result (read-all-objects stream eof-indicator)))))

在 REPL 上调用函数后,我得到了预期的内容:

CL-USER> (read-my-file)

Read 1 objects from the file.
(((:URL "https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/r/week?pli=1" :TITLE
.
.
. 

(:URL "https://www.rescuetime.com/dashboard" :TITLE   
"RescueTime - Your Daily dashboard" :DATE
"2021-05-16T23:08:46.605691Z"    :TAGS ("rescue"))))

注意这是 .lisp。但是,如果我用这个 other file (history-to-read.lisp) 尝试同样的事情,我会得到一个错误。

我只需要更改位置:

(defun read-my-file ()
  (with-open-file
   (stream "~/miscellaneous/misc/symbolic-computation/history-to-read.lisp")
    (let ((contents
            (read-all-objects stream (list '$eof$))))
      (format t "~&Read ~S objects from the file."
              (length contents))
      contents)))

(defun read-all-objects (stream eof-indicator)
  (let ((result (read stream nil eof-indicator)))
    (if (eq result eof-indicator)
        nil
        (cons result (read-all-objects stream eof-indicator))))

然后,在 REPL 上调用函数后:

CL-USER> (read-my-file) ; Evaluation aborted on
#<SB-INT:SIMPLE-READER-PACKAGE-ERROR "Package ~A does not exist." {1003AB9273}>.

我收到此错误消息:

Package HISTORY-TREE does not exist.

Line: 3, Column: 45, File-Position: 110

Stream: #<SB-SYS:FD-STREAM for "file /home/pedro/miscellaneous/misc/symbolic-computation/history-to-read.lisp" {1003AB83A3}> [Condition of type SB-INT:SIMPLE-READER-PACKAGE-ERROR]

“历史树”只是写在文字上的东西。喜欢 foo.

此外,我尝试重现@RainerJoswig 描述的建议。不幸的是,同样的问题发生了。

1 - 因为两个文件都是 .lisp 并且读取它们的函数是相同的,为什么会这样?

2 - 为什么文本的 meaning/content 在这里很重要?

3 - 我该如何阅读这个文件?

Package HISTORY-TREE does not exist

该消息很明确:包 HISTORY-TREE 不存在。但是您尝试将符号读入这个不存在的包中,例如 HISTORY-TREE:OWNER.

该文件中打印符号中提到的每个包都需要存在,才能成功读取该文件。

默认的 Common Lisp reader 不会仅通过读取符号来即时创建包。

示例:

CL-USER 130 > (read-from-string "bar::foo")

Error: Reader cannot find package BAR.
  1 (continue) Create the BAR package.
  2 Use another package instead of BAR.
  3 Try finding package BAR again.
  4 (abort) Return to top loop level 0.

Type :b for backtrace or :c <option number> to proceed.
Type :bug-form "<subject>" for a bug report template or :? for other options.

现在让我们使用错误重启来创建该包:

CL-USER 131 : 1 > :c 1
BAR::FOO
8

替代解决方案:

  1. 在读取数据之前创建包
  2. 不要打印带有包前缀的符号
  3. 使用自定义 reader,它可以创建包或将符号标记为具有未定义的包

备注

(defun read-all-objects (stream eof-indicator)
  (let ((result (read stream nil eof-indicator)))
    (if (eq result eof-indicator)
        nil
        (cons result (read-all-objects stream eof-indicator))))

例如可以这样写:

(defun read-all-objects (stream &aux (eof '#:eof))
  (loop for item = (read stream nil eof)
        until (eq item eof)
        collect item))

好处:

  • 这里不需要 EOF 参数,这里我们使用一个 uninterned 符号
  • 列表项的数量不受堆栈深度的限制