使用用户的输入从嵌套字典中检索字典列表

Question

我对 Python 有点陌生，我正在使用 Python 3. 我想要做的是从嵌套字典中检索字典列表，其中包含与用户将输入的内容类似的密钥。

这是我正在做的事情

import pickle
import os
os.system("cls")

p_inputs = {
 'DOE, JOHN': {'SEX': 'MALE', 'AGE': 18},
 'DOE, JANE': {'SEX': 'FEMALE', 'AGE': 18},
 'WEST, MARIA': {'SEX': 'FEMALE', 'AGE': 18}}

print("Please enter the necessary information.")
new_name = input("\nFULL NAME, SURNAME FIRST: ").upper()
new_sex =  input("SEX: ").upper()
new_age = int(input("AGE: "))

p_inputs[new_name] = {'SEX': new_sex, 'AGE': new_age,}
pickle.dump(p_inputs, open("info", "wb"))

现在，当我插入一行要求用户输入时，我应该怎么做，例如，我要求输入年龄。然后用户将输入“18”，我如何获得所有年龄为 18 岁的人的词典列表？

如有不妥，敬请见谅。

Answer 1

首先你需要像这样加载现有数据：

with open("info", "rb") as f:
    p_inputs = pickle.load(f)

然后你可以做一个字典理解：

>>> {k: v for k,v in p_inputs.items() if v["AGE"] == 18}
{'name2': {'SEX': 'sex1', 'AGE': 18}, 'name3': {'SEX': 'sex2', 'AGE': 18}}

顺便说一句：目前你每次都会覆盖字典并只存储最新的人。

编辑：完整解决方案

import os
import pickle

os.system("cls")

try:
    with open("info", "rb") as f:
        p_inputs = pickle.load(f)
except FileNotFoundError:
    p_inputs = {}

print("Please enter the necessary information.")
new_name = input("\nFULL NAME, SURNAME FIRST: ").upper()
new_sex = input("SEX: ").upper()
new_age = int(input("AGE: "))

p_inputs[new_name] = {'SEX': new_sex, 'AGE': new_age}
with open("info", "wb") as f:
    pickle.dump(p_inputs, f)

print("Added")
print()

search_age = int(input("Show people with this age: "))
search_result = {k: v for k, v in p_inputs.items() if v["AGE"] == search_age}
print(search_result)

Input/Output

Please enter the necessary information.

FULL NAME, SURNAME FIRST: DOE, JOHN
SEX: MALE
AGE: 18
Added

Show people with this age: 18
{'DOE, JANE': {'SEX': 'FEMALE', 'AGE': 18}, 'DOE, JOHN': {'SEX': 'MALE', 'AGE': 18}, 'WEST, MARIA': {'SEX': 'FEMALE', 'AGE'
: 18}}

使用用户的输入从嵌套字典中检索字典列表

Retrieving a list of Dictionaries from Nested Dictionary with an Input from User

python

dictionary

pickle