如何在两个不同的文件之间传递变量并对其进行操作
How to pass variables between 2 different files and manipulate them
我正在学习 flutter,我想知道如何在 2 个不同的文件之间传递变量或方法(以添加额外的小部件)。
在我的示例中,我在创建新项目时采用了 flutter 提供的代码,在此代码中,我添加了第二个名为“second.dart”的文件,其中我在文件 main“main.dart" 我乘以 10.
main.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'second.dart';
void main() {
runApp(MyApp());
}
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
title: 'Flutter Demo',
theme: ThemeData(
primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
),
home: MyHomePage(title: 'Flutter Demo Home Page'),
);
}
}
class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {
MyHomePage({Key key, this.title}) : super(key: key);
final String title;
@override
_MyHomePageState createState() => _MyHomePageState();
}
class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {
int _counter = 0;
void _incrementCounter() {
setState(() {
_counter++;
});
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text(widget.title),
),
body: Center(
child: Column(
mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
children: <Widget>[
Text(
'You have pushed the button this many times:',
),
Text(
'$_counter',
style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.headline4,
),
Container(
child: Second(),
),
],
),
),
floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
onPressed: _incrementCounter,
tooltip: 'Increment',
child: Icon(Icons.add),
), // This trailing comma makes auto-formatting nicer for build methods.
);
}
}
second.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'main.dart';
class Second extends StatefulWidget {
@override
_SecondState createState() => _SecondState();
}
class _SecondState extends State<Second> {
int counter10 = _MyHomePageState._counter * 10;
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Container(
color: Colors.red,
width: 200,
height: 300,
child: Text('My increment * 10 : $counter10 '),
);
}
}
但是,我遇到了这个错误。“_MyHomePageState”以红色突出显示。
lib/second.dart:11:18: Error: Getter not found: '_MyHomePageState'.
var counter10 =_MyHomePageState._counter * 10;
感谢您的帮助
您应该在代码中做到以下几点:
当我们使用下划线作为变量名的第一个字符时,表示这个变量是私有的!所以你不能在第二个小部件中使用 int counter10 = _MyHomePageState._counter * 10;
!
如果要将变量传递给子控件,需要创建一个构造函数,如下所示:
class Second extends StatefulWidget {
int counter;
Second(this.counter);
@override
_SecondState createState() => _SecondState();
}
- 现在您可以将 _countre 变量传递给第二个小部件:
Container(
child: Second(_counter),
),
如果有任何问题或错误,请告诉我。
请注意,这不是我们将变量传递给其他文件或其他小部件的方式。要创建小部件,如果您想从内部操作状态,则需要在有状态或无状态之间进行选择 Second class
将其声明为有状态,但在您的情况下,您需要有一个无状态小部件。
例如:
class Second extends StatelessWidget {
final int counter;
const Second({Key key, this.counter}) : super(key: key);
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Container(
color: Colors.red,
width: 200,
height: 300,
child: Text('My increment * 10 : ${counter * 10} '));
}
}
然后像这样从你的第一个传递这个变量:
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'second.dart';
void main() {
runApp(MyApp());
}
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
title: 'Flutter Demo',
theme: ThemeData(
primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
),
home: MyHomePage(title: 'Flutter Demo Home Page'),
);
}
}
class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {
MyHomePage({Key key, this.title}) : super(key: key);
final String title;
@override
_MyHomePageState createState() => _MyHomePageState();
}
class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {
int _counter = 0;
void _incrementCounter() {
setState(() {
_counter++;
});
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text(widget.title),
),
body: Center(
child: Column(
mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
children: <Widget>[
Text(
'You have pushed the button this many times:',
),
Text(
'$_counter',
style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.headline4,
),
Container(
child: Second(counter:_counter),
),
],
),
),
floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
onPressed: _incrementCounter,
tooltip: 'Increment',
child: Icon(Icons.add),
), // This trailing comma makes auto-formatting nicer for build methods.
);
}
}
注意:您可以通过在 类 中引用它们来共享普通变量,但它们不应该是私有的,例如在它们前面有一个 _
。另一件事,即使您共享您的变量,它也不会直接对第二页产生任何影响,因为 flutter 不知道它正在发生变化,而只是将其视为一个实例。
您可以使用 类 共享静态数据:
例子
class AppStrings {
static Color appColor = Colors.blue;
}
后来称为AppStrings.appColor
我正在学习 flutter,我想知道如何在 2 个不同的文件之间传递变量或方法(以添加额外的小部件)。 在我的示例中,我在创建新项目时采用了 flutter 提供的代码,在此代码中,我添加了第二个名为“second.dart”的文件,其中我在文件 main“main.dart" 我乘以 10.
main.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'second.dart';
void main() {
runApp(MyApp());
}
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
title: 'Flutter Demo',
theme: ThemeData(
primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
),
home: MyHomePage(title: 'Flutter Demo Home Page'),
);
}
}
class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {
MyHomePage({Key key, this.title}) : super(key: key);
final String title;
@override
_MyHomePageState createState() => _MyHomePageState();
}
class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {
int _counter = 0;
void _incrementCounter() {
setState(() {
_counter++;
});
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text(widget.title),
),
body: Center(
child: Column(
mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
children: <Widget>[
Text(
'You have pushed the button this many times:',
),
Text(
'$_counter',
style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.headline4,
),
Container(
child: Second(),
),
],
),
),
floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
onPressed: _incrementCounter,
tooltip: 'Increment',
child: Icon(Icons.add),
), // This trailing comma makes auto-formatting nicer for build methods.
);
}
}
second.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'main.dart';
class Second extends StatefulWidget {
@override
_SecondState createState() => _SecondState();
}
class _SecondState extends State<Second> {
int counter10 = _MyHomePageState._counter * 10;
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Container(
color: Colors.red,
width: 200,
height: 300,
child: Text('My increment * 10 : $counter10 '),
);
}
}
但是,我遇到了这个错误。“_MyHomePageState”以红色突出显示。
lib/second.dart:11:18: Error: Getter not found: '_MyHomePageState'. var counter10 =_MyHomePageState._counter * 10;
感谢您的帮助
您应该在代码中做到以下几点:
当我们使用下划线作为变量名的第一个字符时,表示这个变量是私有的!所以你不能在第二个小部件中使用
int counter10 = _MyHomePageState._counter * 10;
!如果要将变量传递给子控件,需要创建一个构造函数,如下所示:
class Second extends StatefulWidget {
int counter;
Second(this.counter);
@override
_SecondState createState() => _SecondState();
}
- 现在您可以将 _countre 变量传递给第二个小部件:
Container(
child: Second(_counter),
),
如果有任何问题或错误,请告诉我。
请注意,这不是我们将变量传递给其他文件或其他小部件的方式。要创建小部件,如果您想从内部操作状态,则需要在有状态或无状态之间进行选择 Second class
将其声明为有状态,但在您的情况下,您需要有一个无状态小部件。
例如:
class Second extends StatelessWidget {
final int counter;
const Second({Key key, this.counter}) : super(key: key);
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Container(
color: Colors.red,
width: 200,
height: 300,
child: Text('My increment * 10 : ${counter * 10} '));
}
}
然后像这样从你的第一个传递这个变量:
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'second.dart';
void main() {
runApp(MyApp());
}
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
title: 'Flutter Demo',
theme: ThemeData(
primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
),
home: MyHomePage(title: 'Flutter Demo Home Page'),
);
}
}
class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {
MyHomePage({Key key, this.title}) : super(key: key);
final String title;
@override
_MyHomePageState createState() => _MyHomePageState();
}
class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {
int _counter = 0;
void _incrementCounter() {
setState(() {
_counter++;
});
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text(widget.title),
),
body: Center(
child: Column(
mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
children: <Widget>[
Text(
'You have pushed the button this many times:',
),
Text(
'$_counter',
style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.headline4,
),
Container(
child: Second(counter:_counter),
),
],
),
),
floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
onPressed: _incrementCounter,
tooltip: 'Increment',
child: Icon(Icons.add),
), // This trailing comma makes auto-formatting nicer for build methods.
);
}
}
注意:您可以通过在 类 中引用它们来共享普通变量,但它们不应该是私有的,例如在它们前面有一个 _
。另一件事,即使您共享您的变量,它也不会直接对第二页产生任何影响,因为 flutter 不知道它正在发生变化,而只是将其视为一个实例。
您可以使用 类 共享静态数据: 例子
class AppStrings {
static Color appColor = Colors.blue;
}
后来称为AppStrings.appColor