在基础和派生中分离 ODE 和 ODE 求解器 类

Seperating ODE and ODE solver in base and derived classes

我觉得这个问题有点长所以我觉得还是先考虑一下简化版比较好:

有两个classA和B。B继承自A。B中有一个成员函数(add)需要运行使用A中的成员函数。

class A;
typedef int(A::*operation)(int c);
typedef void (A::*myfunction)(operation, int);

class A
{
public:
    int a;
    int b;

    int do_something(myfunction f, operation op)
    {
        (this->*f)(op, 1);
    }

    void dummy_name(operation op, int a)
    {
        int c = (this->*op)(a);
    }
};

class B : public A
{
public:
    int a, b;

    B(int a, int b): a(a), b(b) {}
    int add(int c)
    {
        return a+b+c;
    }

};

int main()
{
    B inst_B(2, 5);
    inst_B.do_something(&A::dummy_name, &B::add);
}

simple.cpp:45:41: error: cannot convert ‘int (B::*)(int)’ to ‘operation’ {aka ‘int (A::*)(int)’}
   45 |     inst_B.do_something(&A::dummy_name, &B::add);
      |                                         ^~~~~~~
      |                                         |
      |                                         int (B::*)(int)
simple.cpp:17:47: note:   initializing argument 2 of ‘void A::do_something(myfunction, operation)’
   17 |     void do_something(myfunction f, operation op)
      |                                     ~~~~~~~~~~^~

为了编写一个简单的 ode 求解器并避免在模型 class 内部应对积分器,对于包含常微分方程组的每个模型,我将求解器和方程分成两个 class,而模型继承自 ode 求解器。

class HarmonicOscillator: public ODE_Sover

这是一个简化的示例,其中包含一些参数。为了避免传递许多参数和抽象,我更喜欢在 class.

中定义 ODE

我还为导数(dy/dt = f'(y) 的右侧)和积分器(这里只有欧拉积分器)使用了两个函数模板。 这是我想出的:

#include <iostream>
#include <assert.h>
#include <random>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

using std::string;
using std::vector;

class ODE_Solver;
class HarmonicOscillator;
typedef vector<double> dim1;
typedef dim1 (ODE_Solver::*derivative)(const dim1 &, dim1&, const double t);
typedef void (ODE_Solver::*Integrator)(derivative, dim1 &, dim1&, const double t);


class ODE_Solver
{
    public: 
    ODE_Solver()
    {}

    double t;
    double dt;
    dim1 state;
    dim1 dydt;

    void integrate(Integrator integrator, 
                   derivative ode_system, 
                   const int N,
                   const double ti, 
                   const double tf, 
                   const double dt)
    {
        dim1 dydt(N);
        const size_t num_steps = int((tf-ti) / dt);
        for (size_t step = 0; step < num_steps; ++step)
        {   
            double t = step * dt;
            (this->*integrator)(ode_system, state, dydt, t);
            // print state
        }
    }

    void eulerIntegrator(derivative RHS, dim1 &y, dim1 &dydt, const double t)
    {
        int n = y.size();
        (this->*RHS)(y, dydt, t);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            y[i] += dydt[i] * dt;
    }
};

class HarmonicOscillator: public ODE_Solver
{

public:
    int N;
    double dt;
    double gamma;
    string method;
    dim1 state;

    // constructor
    HarmonicOscillator(int N,
                       double gamma,
                       dim1 state
                       ) : N {N}, gamma{gamma}, state{state}
    { }
    //---------------------------------------------------//
    dim1 dampedOscillator(const dim1 &x, dim1&dxdt, const double t)
    {
        dxdt[0] = x[1];
        dxdt[1] = -x[0] - gamma * x[1];

        return dxdt;
    }
};

//-------------------------------------------------------//

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    const int N = 2;
    const double gamma = 0.05;
    const double t_iinit = 0.0;
    const double t_final = 10.0;
    const double dt = 0.01;

    dim1 x0{0.0, 1.0};
    HarmonicOscillator ho(N, gamma, x0);
    ho.integrate(&ODE_Solver::eulerIntegrator,
                 &HarmonicOscillator::dampedOscillator, 
                 N, t_iinit, t_final, dt);

    return 0;
}

我收到这些错误:

example.cpp: In function ‘int main(int, char**)’:
example.cpp:93:18: error: cannot convert ‘dim1 (HarmonicOscillator::*)(const dim1&, dim1&, double)’ {aka ‘std::vector<double> (HarmonicOscillator::*)(const std::vector<double>&, std::vector<double>&, double)’} to ‘derivative’ {aka ‘std::vector<double> (ODE_Solver::*)(const std::vector<double>&, std::vector<double>&, double)’}
   93 |                  &HarmonicOscillator::dampedOscillator,
      |                  ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
      |                  |
      |                  dim1 (HarmonicOscillator::*)(const dim1&, dim1&, double) {aka std::vector<double> (HarmonicOscillator::*)(const std::vector<double>&, std::vector<double>&, double)}
example.cpp:29:31: note:   initializing argument 2 of ‘void ODE_Solver::integrate(Integrator, derivative, int, double, double, double)’
   29 |                    derivative ode_system,
      |                    ~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~

如果我在 ode 求解器的相同 class 处定义了 ode,它就可以工作 link to github。 那么你的想法是什么?

您的代码存在几个问题。首先,当您想将任意函数作为参数传递给其他函数时,请考虑使用 std::function.

其次,应该使用继承来声明"is-a" relationships. Since a harmonic oscillator is not an ODE solver, don't use inheritance for this. There's also not a "has-a" relationship (so composition也是不合适的),而不是求解器作用于一个给定的函数,所以最合适的事情要做就是将谐振子作为参数传递给求解器函数。

代码的示例:

class HarmonicOscillator {
    ...
public:
    ...
    double operator()(double t) {
        ...
        return /* value at time t */;
    }
};

double integrate(std::function<double(double)> func, double start, double end, double dt) {
    double sum = 0;

    for (double t = start; t < end; t += dt)
        sum += func(t) * dt;

    return sum;
}

然后你就这样称呼它:

HarmonicOscillator ho(...);
auto result = integrate(ho, t_iinit, t_final, dt);

上面的内容可能并不完全符合您的要求,但我认为这就是您应该追求的代码结构。

如果您希望能够处理不仅接受 double 和 return 一个 double,而且接受任意类型的函数,您可以使 integrate() 成为一个模板:

template <typename Function, typename T>
auto integrate(Function func, T start, T end, T dt) {
    decltype(func(start)) sum{};

    for (T t = start; t < end; t += dt)
        sum += func(t) * dt;

    return sum;
}

如果您为支持算术运算的输入和输出值创建适当的类型,这将起作用,它不适用于您的 dim1。我建议您尝试找到一个实现数学向量类型的库,例如 Eigen