IPython 检测自动魔法

Question

如果我写

ls *.txt

进入 IPython 笔记本中的单元格，然后它会正确执行。但是，如果我尝试使用 TransformerManager().transform_cell 转换单元格，什么也没有发生，我得到无效的 Python 语法：

>>> from IPython.core.inputtransformer2 import TransformerManager
>>> import ast
>>> TransformerManager().transform_cell('ls *.txt')
'ls *.txt\n'
>>> ast.parse('ls *.txt\n')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/home/ignoring_gravity/miniconda3/envs/tmp/lib/python3.8/ast.py", line 47, in parse
    return compile(source, filename, mode, flags,
  File "<unknown>", line 1
    ls *.txt
        ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

有没有办法以 returns 有效 Python 代码的方式转换自动魔法？没有 automagic 的等效代码将转换如下：

>>> TransformerManager().transform_cell('!ls *.txt')
"get_ipython().system('ls *.txt')\n"

我正在寻找的是一种检测自动魔法的方法无需运行代码

Answer 1

Automagics 是运行内核的一个特性，而不是语法。例如，cd 本身是一个有效的自动魔法，除非它被 Python 名称遮蔽，或者就此而言，如果 %automagic 被禁用。

In [1]: cd
/home/wja

In [2]: cd = 'CD'

In [3]: cd
Out[3]: 'CD'

In [4]: del cd

In [5]: cd
/home/wja

In [6]: %automagic 0

Automagic is OFF, % prefix IS needed for line magics.

In [7]: cd
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<ipython-input-7-9c6465b4471e>", line 1, in <module>
    cd
NameError: name 'cd' is not defined

在幕后，据我所知，当一个单元格抛出某些错误，如 SyntaxError 或 NameError，它被发送到预过滤器，如果它可以转化为魔法，它是被预过滤器捕获 AutoMagicChecker and transformed. My understanding is mostly based on this comment on an IPython GitHub issue:

Input transformers are applied line-by-line, but prefilters are only applied when the code is run. So 'invalid' [an invalid line] triggers an attempt to execute, and then prefilters step in and may transform it into valid code.

_{-- Thomas Kluyver，2015 年 7 月 11 日}

现在，如果您有运行内核，您可以使用预过滤器，如下所示：

In [1]: ip = get_ipython()  # The running kernel

In [3]: source = ip.prefilter('cd')  # Transform

In [4]: source
Out[4]: "get_ipython().run_line_magic('cd', '')"

In [5]: exec(source)  # Run, just to prove it works
/home/wja

或者，长途跋涉：

In [2]: from IPython.core.splitinput import LineInfo

In [3]: line_info = LineInfo('cd')  # Parse

In [4]: ip = get_ipython()

In [5]: ip.prefilter_manager.checkers  # List of prefilters
Out[5]:
[<EmacsChecker(priority=100, enabled=False)>,
 <MacroChecker(priority=250, enabled=True)>,
 <IPyAutocallChecker(priority=300, enabled=True)>,
 <AssignmentChecker(priority=600, enabled=True)>,
 <AutoMagicChecker(priority=700, enabled=True)>,
 <PythonOpsChecker(priority=900, enabled=True)>,
 <AutocallChecker(priority=1000, enabled=True)>]

In [6]: for checker in ip.prefilter_manager.checkers:
   ...:     handler = checker.check(line_info)
   ...:     if handler:  # Find the first one that matches
   ...:         break
   ...:

In [7]: handler
Out[7]: <IPython.core.prefilter.MagicHandler at 0x7f01e8ccc7f0>

In [10]: handler.handle(line_info)  # Transform
Out[10]: "get_ipython().run_line_magic('cd', '')"

IPython 检测自动魔法

IPython detect automagics

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ipython