无法进行迁移。获取与外键相关的错误
Unable to make a migration. Getting errors related to foreign keys
第一个迁移文件：
<?php
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
class CreateUsersTable extends Migration
{
/**
* Run the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function up()
{
Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->id();
$table->string('name');
$table->string('email')->unique();
$table->timestamp('email_verified_at')->nullable();
$table->string('password');
$table->rememberToken();
$table->timestamps();
});
}
/**
* Reverse the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function down()
{
Schema::dropIfExists('users');
}
}
第二次迁移文件：
<?php
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
class CreatePostsTable extends Migration
{
/**
* Run the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function up()
{
Schema::create('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->bigIncrements("post_id");
$table->bigInteger("author_id");
$table->string("title");
$table->string("short_title");
$table->string("img")->nullable();
$table->text("descr");
$table->timestamps();
$table->foreign("author_id")->references("id")->on("users");
});
}
/**
* Reverse the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function down()
{
Schema::dropIfExists('posts');
}
}
在我 运行 php artisan migrate 命令后我收到错误。
Illuminate\Database\QueryException
SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 1005 Can't create table
`laralove`.`posts` (errno: 150 "Foreign key constraint is
incorrectly formed") (SQL: alter table `posts` add constraint `posts_author_id_foreign` foreign key (`author_id`) references `users` (`id`))
at C:\xampp\htdocs\laralove\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Connection.php:692
// If an exception occurs when attempting to run a query, we'll format the error
// message to include the bindings with SQL, which will make this exception a
// lot more helpful to the developer instead of just the database's errors.
catch (Exception $e) {
throw new QueryException(
$query, $this->prepareBindings($bindings), $e
}
1 C:\xampp\htdocs\laralove\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Connection.php:485
PDOException::("SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 1005 Can't create table `laralove`.`posts` (errno: 150 "Foreign key constraint is incorrectly formed")")
2 C:\xampp\htdocs\laralove\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Connection.php:485
PDOStatement::execute()
PS C:\xampp\htdocs\laralove> php artisan config:cache
Configuration cache cleared!
Configuration cached successfully!
PS C:\xampp\htdocs\laralove> php artisan migrate
Migrating: 2021_06_13_195343_create_posts_table
Illuminate\Database\QueryException
SQLSTATE[42S01]: Base table or view already exists: 1050 Table 'posts' already exists (SQL: create table `posts` (`post_id` bigint unsigned not null auto_increment primary key, `author_id` bigint not null, `title` varchar(255) not null, `short_title` varchar(255) not null, `img` varchar(255) null, `descr` text not null, `created_at` timestamp null, `updated_at` timestamp null) default character set utf8 collate 'utf8_general_ci' engine = InnoDB)
at C:\xampp\htdocs\laralove\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Connection.php:692
// If an exception occurs when attempting to run a query, we'll format the error
// message to include the bindings with SQL, which will make this exception a
// lot more helpful to the developer instead of just the database's errors.
$query, $this->prepareBindings($bindings), $e
); ings($bindings), $e
}
1 C:\xampp\htdocs\laralove\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Connection.php:485 work\src\Illuminate\Database\Connectio
PDOException::("SQLSTATE[42S01]: Base table or view already exists: 1050 Table 'posts' already er view already exists: 1050 Table 'posxists")
2 C:\xampp\htdocs\laralove\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Connectiowork\src\Illuminate\Database\Connection.php:485
PDOStatement::execute()
更新 1
@miken32 建议执行命令 php artisan migrate:rollback
出于某种原因，我收到以下错误：
Illuminate\Database\QueryException
SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002] , .. .
(SQL: select max(`batch`) as aggregate from `migrations`)
at C:\xampp\htdocs\laralove\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Connection.php:692
// If an exception occurs when attempting to run a query, we'll format the error
// message to include the bindings with SQL, which will make this exception a
// lot more helpful to the developer instead of just the database's errors.
catch (Exception $e) {
throw new QueryException(
$query, $this->prepareBindings($bindings), $e
);
}
1 C:\xampp\htdocs\laralove\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Connectors\Connector.php:70
PDOException::("SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002] , .. .
")
2 C:\xampp\htdocs\laralove\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Connectors\Connector.php:70
PDO::__construct("mysql:host=localhost;port=3306;dbname=laralove", "root", "", [])
UPD 2
我已经应用了@Amir Daneshkar 建议的更改
以前的错误消失了，但出现了新的错误。我不知道这里有什么问题。
新错误：
Illuminate\Database\QueryException
SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002] , .. .
(SQL: select * from information_schema.tables where table_schema = laralove and table_name = migrations and table_type = 'BASE TABLE')
at C:\xampp\htdocs\laralove\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Connection.php:692
688▕ // If an exception occurs when attempting to run a query, we'll format the error
689▕ // message to include the bindings with SQL, which will make this exception a
690▕ // lot more helpful to the developer instead of just the database's errors.
691▕ catch (Exception $e) {
➜ 692▕ throw new QueryException(
693▕ $query, $this->prepareBindings($bindings), $e
694▕ );
695▕ }
696▕
689▕ // message to include the bindings with SQL, which will make this exception a
690▕ // lot more helpful to the developer instead of just the database's errors.
691▕ catch (Exception $e) {
➜ 692▕ throw new QueryException(
693▕ $query, $this->prepareBindings($bindings), $e
694▕ );
695▕ }
696▕
1 C:\xampp\htdocs\laralove\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Connectors\Connector.php:70
PDOException::("SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002] , .. .
")
2 C:\xampp\htdocs\laralove\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Connectors\Connector.php:70
PDO::__construct("mysql:host=localhost;port=3306;dbname=laralove", "root", "", [])
UPD 2.1.
我配置了 .env 和 database.php 文件
.env 文件：
DB_CONNECTION=mysql
DB_HOST=localhost
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=laralove
DB_USERNAME=root
DB_PASSWORD=
'connections' => [
'sqlite' => [
'driver' => 'sqlite',
'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', database_path('database.sqlite')),
'prefix' => '',
'foreign_key_constraints' => env('DB_FOREIGN_KEYS', true),
],
'mysql' => [
'driver' => 'mysql',
'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
'host' => env('DB_HOST', 'localhost'),
'port' => env('DB_PORT', '3306'),
'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'laralove'),
'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'root'),
'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
'unix_socket' => env('DB_SOCKET', ''),
'charset' => 'utf8',
'collation' => 'utf8_general_ci',
'prefix' => '',
'prefix_indexes' => true,
'strict' => true,
'engine' => "InnoDB",
'options' => extension_loaded('pdo_mysql') ? array_filter([
PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA => env('MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA'),
]) : [],
],
//...
]
将帖子迁移 post_id 和 author_id 更改为：
$table->id('post_id');
$table->unsignedBigInteger('author_id');
...
我记得 Laravel id 字段需要是 unsignedBigInts 并且定义 id 字段的正确格式也是这样的：
$table->unsignedBigInteger('id')->unique()->autoIncerement() ;
里面有个宏$table->id('column_name');
更新
这样做之后 运行 php artisan migrate:fresh ，如果它抛出错误，请尝试删除数据库并重新创建它
第一个迁移文件：
<?php
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
class CreateUsersTable extends Migration
{
/**
* Run the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function up()
{
Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->id();
$table->string('name');
$table->string('email')->unique();
$table->timestamp('email_verified_at')->nullable();
$table->string('password');
$table->rememberToken();
$table->timestamps();
});
}
/**
* Reverse the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function down()
{
Schema::dropIfExists('users');
}
}
第二次迁移文件：
<?php
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
class CreatePostsTable extends Migration
{
/**
* Run the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function up()
{
Schema::create('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->bigIncrements("post_id");
$table->bigInteger("author_id");
$table->string("title");
$table->string("short_title");
$table->string("img")->nullable();
$table->text("descr");
$table->timestamps();
$table->foreign("author_id")->references("id")->on("users");
});
}
/**
* Reverse the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function down()
{
Schema::dropIfExists('posts');
}
}
在我 运行 php artisan migrate 命令后我收到错误。
Illuminate\Database\QueryException
SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 1005 Can't create table
`laralove`.`posts` (errno: 150 "Foreign key constraint is
incorrectly formed") (SQL: alter table `posts` add constraint `posts_author_id_foreign` foreign key (`author_id`) references `users` (`id`))
at C:\xampp\htdocs\laralove\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Connection.php:692
// If an exception occurs when attempting to run a query, we'll format the error
// message to include the bindings with SQL, which will make this exception a
// lot more helpful to the developer instead of just the database's errors.
catch (Exception $e) {
throw new QueryException(
$query, $this->prepareBindings($bindings), $e
}
1 C:\xampp\htdocs\laralove\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Connection.php:485
PDOException::("SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 1005 Can't create table `laralove`.`posts` (errno: 150 "Foreign key constraint is incorrectly formed")")
2 C:\xampp\htdocs\laralove\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Connection.php:485
PDOStatement::execute()
PS C:\xampp\htdocs\laralove> php artisan config:cache
Configuration cache cleared!
Configuration cached successfully!
PS C:\xampp\htdocs\laralove> php artisan migrate
Migrating: 2021_06_13_195343_create_posts_table
Illuminate\Database\QueryException
SQLSTATE[42S01]: Base table or view already exists: 1050 Table 'posts' already exists (SQL: create table `posts` (`post_id` bigint unsigned not null auto_increment primary key, `author_id` bigint not null, `title` varchar(255) not null, `short_title` varchar(255) not null, `img` varchar(255) null, `descr` text not null, `created_at` timestamp null, `updated_at` timestamp null) default character set utf8 collate 'utf8_general_ci' engine = InnoDB)
at C:\xampp\htdocs\laralove\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Connection.php:692
// If an exception occurs when attempting to run a query, we'll format the error
// message to include the bindings with SQL, which will make this exception a
// lot more helpful to the developer instead of just the database's errors.
$query, $this->prepareBindings($bindings), $e
); ings($bindings), $e
}
1 C:\xampp\htdocs\laralove\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Connection.php:485 work\src\Illuminate\Database\Connectio
PDOException::("SQLSTATE[42S01]: Base table or view already exists: 1050 Table 'posts' already er view already exists: 1050 Table 'posxists")
2 C:\xampp\htdocs\laralove\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Connectiowork\src\Illuminate\Database\Connection.php:485
PDOStatement::execute()
更新 1
@miken32 建议执行命令 php artisan migrate:rollback
出于某种原因，我收到以下错误：
Illuminate\Database\QueryException
SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002] , .. .
(SQL: select max(`batch`) as aggregate from `migrations`)
at C:\xampp\htdocs\laralove\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Connection.php:692
// If an exception occurs when attempting to run a query, we'll format the error
// message to include the bindings with SQL, which will make this exception a
// lot more helpful to the developer instead of just the database's errors.
catch (Exception $e) {
throw new QueryException(
$query, $this->prepareBindings($bindings), $e
);
}
1 C:\xampp\htdocs\laralove\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Connectors\Connector.php:70
PDOException::("SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002] , .. .
")
2 C:\xampp\htdocs\laralove\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Connectors\Connector.php:70
PDO::__construct("mysql:host=localhost;port=3306;dbname=laralove", "root", "", [])
UPD 2
我已经应用了@Amir Daneshkar 建议的更改
以前的错误消失了，但出现了新的错误。我不知道这里有什么问题。
新错误：
Illuminate\Database\QueryException
SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002] , .. .
(SQL: select * from information_schema.tables where table_schema = laralove and table_name = migrations and table_type = 'BASE TABLE')
at C:\xampp\htdocs\laralove\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Connection.php:692
688▕ // If an exception occurs when attempting to run a query, we'll format the error
689▕ // message to include the bindings with SQL, which will make this exception a
690▕ // lot more helpful to the developer instead of just the database's errors.
691▕ catch (Exception $e) {
➜ 692▕ throw new QueryException(
693▕ $query, $this->prepareBindings($bindings), $e
694▕ );
695▕ }
696▕
689▕ // message to include the bindings with SQL, which will make this exception a
690▕ // lot more helpful to the developer instead of just the database's errors.
691▕ catch (Exception $e) {
➜ 692▕ throw new QueryException(
693▕ $query, $this->prepareBindings($bindings), $e
694▕ );
695▕ }
696▕
1 C:\xampp\htdocs\laralove\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Connectors\Connector.php:70
PDOException::("SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002] , .. .
")
2 C:\xampp\htdocs\laralove\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Connectors\Connector.php:70
PDO::__construct("mysql:host=localhost;port=3306;dbname=laralove", "root", "", [])
UPD 2.1.
我配置了 .env 和 database.php 文件
.env 文件：
DB_CONNECTION=mysql
DB_HOST=localhost
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=laralove
DB_USERNAME=root
DB_PASSWORD=
'connections' => [
'sqlite' => [
'driver' => 'sqlite',
'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', database_path('database.sqlite')),
'prefix' => '',
'foreign_key_constraints' => env('DB_FOREIGN_KEYS', true),
],
'mysql' => [
'driver' => 'mysql',
'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
'host' => env('DB_HOST', 'localhost'),
'port' => env('DB_PORT', '3306'),
'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'laralove'),
'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'root'),
'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
'unix_socket' => env('DB_SOCKET', ''),
'charset' => 'utf8',
'collation' => 'utf8_general_ci',
'prefix' => '',
'prefix_indexes' => true,
'strict' => true,
'engine' => "InnoDB",
'options' => extension_loaded('pdo_mysql') ? array_filter([
PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA => env('MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA'),
]) : [],
],
//...
]
将帖子迁移 post_id 和 author_id 更改为：
$table->id('post_id');
$table->unsignedBigInteger('author_id');
...
我记得 Laravel id 字段需要是 unsignedBigInts 并且定义 id 字段的正确格式也是这样的：
$table->unsignedBigInteger('id')->unique()->autoIncerement() ;
里面有个宏$table->id('column_name');
更新
这样做之后 运行 php artisan migrate:fresh ，如果它抛出错误，请尝试删除数据库并重新创建它