结合时间趋势图和时间线
Combining time trend plot with timeline
我想创建一个情节（最好使用 ggplot2），在其中可视化时间线和 time-trend 情节。
举个实际的例子，我汇总了每年的失业率。我还有一个数据集，表示与劳动力市场相关的重要立法变化。因此，我想创建一个时间轴，其中显示失业率遵循相同的 x-axis（时间）。
我生成了一些toy-data，见下面的代码：
set.seed(2110)
year <- c(1950:2020)
unemployment <- rnorm(length(year), 0.05, 0.005)
un_emp <- data.frame(cbind(year, unemployment))
year <- c( 1957, 1961, 1975, 1976, 1983, 1985, 1995, 1999, 2011, 2018)
events <- c("Implemented unemployment benefit",
"Pre-school became free",
"Five-day workweek were introduced",
"Labor law reform 1976",
"Unemployment benefit were cut in half",
"Apprenticeship Act allows on-the-job training",
"Changes in discrimination law",
"Equal Pay for Equal Work was",
"9 weeks vacation were introduced",
"Unemployment benefit were removed")
imp_event <- data.frame(year, events)
我可以很容易地绘制出 time-trend 跨越这些年：
library(tidyverse)
ggplot(data = un_emp, aes(x = year, y = unemployment)) +
geom_line(color = "#FC4E07", size = 0.5) +
theme_bw()
但是我如何以一种漂亮而有效的方式在情节中包含事件（在 imp_event 中找到）？我该怎么做？
我的目标是制作一个看起来像 here 中的时间线，但将其与上面显示的 time-trend 情节结合起来。我该怎么做？
我已经尝试使用 vline 但我无法添加活动标签。
谢谢！
您可以通过叠加 geom_text() 调用来实现此目的，但这需要 x 和 y 值的长度与其他图中的长度相同，因此您不能只需为其提供一个新的 df 并覆盖它。
相反，您可以通过在 year 上执行从 un_emp 到 imp_events 的 left_join 来实现您想要的效果。因为 imp_events 每年只有一行，所以 df 中 events 的大部分缺失值都是完美的，因为我怀疑您只希望每个事件都显示为标签一次。
例如：
joined_data <- un_emp %>% left_join(imp_event, by = "year")
ggplot(data = joined_data, aes(x = year, y = unemployment)) +
geom_line(color = "#FC4E07", size = 0.5) +
geom_text(data = joined_data, aes(x = year, y = unemployment, label = (events), size = 3)) +
theme_bw()
这给你这样的东西：
您可以查看可用选项并尝试 geom_text() here。
我使用 Jon Spring 的解决方案，但将 geom_segment 替换为 geom_vline，结果接近我想要的结果。最终代码如下所示：
joined_data <- un_emp %>% left_join(imp_event, by = "year")
ggplot(data = joined_data, aes(x = year, y = unemployment)) +
geom_line(color = "red", size = 0.5) +
theme_classic() +
labs(y = "Unemployment rate",
x = "Years",
caption = "Data from XXXX") +
geom_vline(data = joined_data %>% filter(!is.na(events)), aes(xintercept = year), color = "gray70", linetype = "dashed") +
ggrepel::geom_text_repel(data = joined_data, aes(x = year, y = unemployment-0.03, label = str_wrap(events, 10)), color = "gray70", direction = "y", size = 2.5, lineheight = 0.7, point.padding = 0.8)
产生以下情节：
我想奖励@Jon Spring 赏金但不确定如何奖励评论。
我认为这应该可以解决问题：
首先，我用 hline 创建了轴，使用您为数据设置的平均值作为 y 截距。然后我向事件的数据框添加了一个变量“高度”，它采用轴的值并添加从正态分布中提取的值。我用它来绘制创建指向每个点的线的线段。最后，我反转了年份标签的 y 位置，因此它始终位于线段的另一侧。
library(tidyverse)
set.seed(2110)
year <- c(1950:2020)
unemployment <- rnorm(length(year), 0.05, 0.005)
un_emp <- data.frame(cbind(year, unemployment))
year <- c( 1957, 1961, 1975, 1976, 1983, 1985, 1995, 1999, 2011, 2018)
events <- c("Implemented unemployment benefit",
"Pre-school became free",
"Five-day workweek were introduced",
"Labor law reform 1976",
"Unemployment benefit were cut in half",
"Apprenticeship Act allows on-the-job training",
"Changes in discrimination law",
"Equal Pay for Equal Work was",
"9 weeks vacation were introduced",
"Unemployment benefit were removed")
imp_event <- data.frame(year, events) %>%
mutate(height = mean(unemployment) + rnorm(n(), 0, 0.02))
ggplot(un_emp) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0.05) +
geom_line(aes(x = year,
y = unemployment),
color = "red",
alpha = 0.3,
size = 1) +
geom_segment(data = imp_event,
aes(x = year,
xend = year,
y = 0.05,
yend = height)) +
geom_text(data = imp_event,
aes(label = year,
x = year,
y = 0.05 + 0.002 * sign(0.05 - height)),
angle = 90,
size = 3.5,
fontface = "bold",
check_overlap = T) +
geom_point(data = imp_event,
aes(x = year,
y = height,
fill = as.factor(events)),
shape = 21,
size = 4) +
scale_x_continuous(name = NULL,
labels = NULL) +
scale_fill_discrete(name = "Event") +
scale_y_continuous(name = "Unemployment Rate") +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.border = element_blank(),
axis.line.y = element_line(),
axis.ticks.x = element_blank(),
panel.grid = element_blank(),
legend.position="bottom")
我想创建一个情节（最好使用 ggplot2），在其中可视化时间线和 time-trend 情节。
举个实际的例子，我汇总了每年的失业率。我还有一个数据集，表示与劳动力市场相关的重要立法变化。因此，我想创建一个时间轴，其中显示失业率遵循相同的 x-axis（时间）。
我生成了一些toy-data，见下面的代码：
set.seed(2110)
year <- c(1950:2020)
unemployment <- rnorm(length(year), 0.05, 0.005)
un_emp <- data.frame(cbind(year, unemployment))
year <- c( 1957, 1961, 1975, 1976, 1983, 1985, 1995, 1999, 2011, 2018)
events <- c("Implemented unemployment benefit",
"Pre-school became free",
"Five-day workweek were introduced",
"Labor law reform 1976",
"Unemployment benefit were cut in half",
"Apprenticeship Act allows on-the-job training",
"Changes in discrimination law",
"Equal Pay for Equal Work was",
"9 weeks vacation were introduced",
"Unemployment benefit were removed")
imp_event <- data.frame(year, events)
我可以很容易地绘制出 time-trend 跨越这些年：
library(tidyverse)
ggplot(data = un_emp, aes(x = year, y = unemployment)) +
geom_line(color = "#FC4E07", size = 0.5) +
theme_bw()
但是我如何以一种漂亮而有效的方式在情节中包含事件（在 imp_event 中找到）？我该怎么做？
我的目标是制作一个看起来像 here 中的时间线，但将其与上面显示的 time-trend 情节结合起来。我该怎么做？
我已经尝试使用 vline 但我无法添加活动标签。
谢谢！
您可以通过叠加 geom_text() 调用来实现此目的，但这需要 x 和 y 值的长度与其他图中的长度相同，因此您不能只需为其提供一个新的 df 并覆盖它。
相反，您可以通过在 year 上执行从 un_emp 到 imp_events 的 left_join 来实现您想要的效果。因为 imp_events 每年只有一行，所以 df 中 events 的大部分缺失值都是完美的，因为我怀疑您只希望每个事件都显示为标签一次。
例如：
joined_data <- un_emp %>% left_join(imp_event, by = "year")
ggplot(data = joined_data, aes(x = year, y = unemployment)) +
geom_line(color = "#FC4E07", size = 0.5) +
geom_text(data = joined_data, aes(x = year, y = unemployment, label = (events), size = 3)) +
theme_bw()
这给你这样的东西：
您可以查看可用选项并尝试 geom_text() here。
我使用 Jon Spring 的解决方案，但将 geom_segment 替换为 geom_vline，结果接近我想要的结果。最终代码如下所示：
joined_data <- un_emp %>% left_join(imp_event, by = "year")
ggplot(data = joined_data, aes(x = year, y = unemployment)) +
geom_line(color = "red", size = 0.5) +
theme_classic() +
labs(y = "Unemployment rate",
x = "Years",
caption = "Data from XXXX") +
geom_vline(data = joined_data %>% filter(!is.na(events)), aes(xintercept = year), color = "gray70", linetype = "dashed") +
ggrepel::geom_text_repel(data = joined_data, aes(x = year, y = unemployment-0.03, label = str_wrap(events, 10)), color = "gray70", direction = "y", size = 2.5, lineheight = 0.7, point.padding = 0.8)
产生以下情节：
我想奖励@Jon Spring 赏金但不确定如何奖励评论。
我认为这应该可以解决问题：
首先，我用 hline 创建了轴，使用您为数据设置的平均值作为 y 截距。然后我向事件的数据框添加了一个变量“高度”，它采用轴的值并添加从正态分布中提取的值。我用它来绘制创建指向每个点的线的线段。最后，我反转了年份标签的 y 位置，因此它始终位于线段的另一侧。
library(tidyverse)
set.seed(2110)
year <- c(1950:2020)
unemployment <- rnorm(length(year), 0.05, 0.005)
un_emp <- data.frame(cbind(year, unemployment))
year <- c( 1957, 1961, 1975, 1976, 1983, 1985, 1995, 1999, 2011, 2018)
events <- c("Implemented unemployment benefit",
"Pre-school became free",
"Five-day workweek were introduced",
"Labor law reform 1976",
"Unemployment benefit were cut in half",
"Apprenticeship Act allows on-the-job training",
"Changes in discrimination law",
"Equal Pay for Equal Work was",
"9 weeks vacation were introduced",
"Unemployment benefit were removed")
imp_event <- data.frame(year, events) %>%
mutate(height = mean(unemployment) + rnorm(n(), 0, 0.02))
ggplot(un_emp) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0.05) +
geom_line(aes(x = year,
y = unemployment),
color = "red",
alpha = 0.3,
size = 1) +
geom_segment(data = imp_event,
aes(x = year,
xend = year,
y = 0.05,
yend = height)) +
geom_text(data = imp_event,
aes(label = year,
x = year,
y = 0.05 + 0.002 * sign(0.05 - height)),
angle = 90,
size = 3.5,
fontface = "bold",
check_overlap = T) +
geom_point(data = imp_event,
aes(x = year,
y = height,
fill = as.factor(events)),
shape = 21,
size = 4) +
scale_x_continuous(name = NULL,
labels = NULL) +
scale_fill_discrete(name = "Event") +
scale_y_continuous(name = "Unemployment Rate") +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.border = element_blank(),
axis.line.y = element_line(),
axis.ticks.x = element_blank(),
panel.grid = element_blank(),
legend.position="bottom")