Git 智能 HTTP(S) 协议在它所有的荣耀中完全是什么样子的？
What does the Git Smart HTTP(S) protocol fully look like in all its glory?
我正在尝试实现一个模拟 Git 远程的网络服务器。用户应该能够从我的服务器克隆或拉取、编辑文件、提交和推送（需要身份验证）——Git 的正常操作。但是，在服务器端并不是一个裸露的 Git 存储库或任何东西；数据以其他格式存储，仅在请求时转换。
我花了很多时间试图找出 Git 智能 HTTP 协议的工作原理，以下是我目前所知道的。
根据 Git docs on http-protocol，我知道 GET $GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 应该会引发以下（示例）响应：
HTTP/1.1 200 OK<CRLF>
Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-advertisement<CRLF>
Cache-Control: no-cache<CRLF>
<CRLF>
001e# service=git-upload-pack<LF>
0000<no LF>
004895dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31 refs/heads/maint<NUL>multi_ack<LF>
003fd049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355 refs/heads/master<LF>
003c2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115 refs/tags/v1.0<LF>
003fa3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c refs/tags/v1.0^{}<LF>
0000
根据我自己对 a repo of mine with very few commits 的实验，似乎 GitHub 到目前为止完全在文档中描述的协议限制范围内：
HTTP/1.1 200 OK<CRLF>
Server: GitHub Babel 2.0<CRLF>
Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-advertisement<CRLF>
Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'none'; sandbox<CRLF>
Transfer-Encoding: chunked<CRLF>
expires: Fri, 01 Jan 1980 00:00:00 GMT<CRLF>
pragma: no-cache<CRLF>
Cache-Control: no-cache, max-age=0, must-revalidate<CRLF>
Vary: Accept-Encoding<CRLF>
X-Frame-Options: DENY<CRLF>
X-GitHub-Request-Id: [redacted]<CRLF>
<CRLF>
001e# service=git-upload-pack<LF>
0000<no LF>0156feee8d0aeff172f5b39e3175175d027f3fd5ecc1 HEAD<NUL>multi_ack thin-pack side-band side-band-64k ofs-delta shallow deepen-since deepen-not deepen-relative no-progress include-tag multi_ack_detailed allow-tip-sha1-in-want allow-reachable-sha1-in-want no-done symref=HEAD:refs/heads/master filter object-format=sha1 agent=git/github-g69d6dd5d35d8<LF>
003ffeee8d0aeff172f5b39e3175175d027f3fd5ecc1 refs/heads/master<LF>
0000
不过，简单的部分到此为止。如果我想实际获取提交数据怎么办？ The Git docs on the matter 给出了 POST 发送请求的示例和一些语法，然后说“TODO：进一步记录”。 ????????
我尝试以我在文档中看到的格式通过 CURLing GitHub 进行试验。
(cwd)>curl https://github.com/Kenny2github/ConvoSplit.git/git-upload-pack -o - -i -X POST -d @-
0032want feee8d0aeff172f5b39e3175175d027f3fd5ecc1
0032have 941ea62275547bcbfb78fd97d29be18d09a78190
0009done
0000
^Z
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: GitHub Babel 2.0
Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-result
Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'none'; sandbox
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
expires: Fri, 01 Jan 1980 00:00:00 GMT
pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache, max-age=0, must-revalidate
Vary: Accept-Encoding
X-GitHub-Request-Id: [redacted]
X-Frame-Options: DENY
curl: (18) transfer closed with outstanding read data remaining
什么？
我尝试使用 Python:
>>> import requests
>>> requests.post('https://github.com/Kenny2github/ConvoSplit.git/git-upload-pack', data=b'''
0032want feee8d0aeff172f5b39e3175175d027f3fd5ecc1
0032have 941ea62275547bcbfb78fd97d29be18d09a78190
0009done
0000
'''.strip())
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\urllib3\response.py", line 572, in _update_chunk_length
self.chunk_left = int(line, 16)
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 16: b''
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\urllib3\response.py", line 331, in _error_catcher
yield
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\urllib3\response.py", line 637, in read_chunked
self._update_chunk_length()
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\urllib3\response.py", line 576, in _update_chunk_length
raise httplib.IncompleteRead(line)
http.client.IncompleteRead: IncompleteRead(0 bytes read)
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\requests\models.py", line 751, in generate
for chunk in self.raw.stream(chunk_size, decode_content=True):
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\urllib3\response.py", line 461, in stream
for line in self.read_chunked(amt, decode_content=decode_content):
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\urllib3\response.py", line 665, in read_chunked
self._original_response.close()
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\contextlib.py", line 130, in __exit__
self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\urllib3\response.py", line 349, in _error_catcher
raise ProtocolError('Connection broken: %r' % e, e)
urllib3.exceptions.ProtocolError: ('Connection broken: IncompleteRead(0 bytes read)', IncompleteRead(0 bytes read))
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#17>", line 1, in <module>
requests.post('https://github.com/Kenny2github/ConvoSplit.git/git-upload-pack', data=b'0032want feee8d0aeff172f5b39e3175175d027f3fd5ecc1\n0032have 941ea62275547bcbfb78fd97d29be18d09a78190\n0009done\n0000')
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 119, in post
return request('post', url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 61, in request
return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 530, in request
resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 685, in send
r.content
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\requests\models.py", line 829, in content
self._content = b''.join(self.iter_content(CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE)) or b''
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\requests\models.py", line 754, in generate
raise ChunkedEncodingError(e)
requests.exceptions.ChunkedEncodingError: ('Connection broken: IncompleteRead(0 bytes read)', IncompleteRead(0 bytes read))
其余的 http 协议文档没有帮助 - 出现了另外六个 TODO。 pack-protocol docs 至少让我知道我应该收到什么，但没有说明如何收到。
Transfer Protocols docs 没有告诉我任何新内容，然后说“看看 Git 源代码”。我试过了，但它是硬核 C，我必须基本上了解 Git 本身的整个基础结构。 （我可能会尝试这样做，但现在不是时候。）
我确实设法收集到涉及 git upload-pack，并且 运行 git upload-pack --stateless-rpc --advertise-refs .git 确实像以前一样给了我 /info/refs 列表。然而，从中取出实际包的尝试失败了，不仅失败了，而且在平台之间的失败也不一致。
在 Windows:
(cwd)>git upload-pack --stateless-rpc .git
0032want feee8d0aeff172f5b39e3175175d027f3fd5ecc1
0009done # I hit Enter and nothing else
fatal: protocol error: bad line length character:
000
(cwd)>git upload-pack --stateless-rpc .git
0032want feee8d0aeff172f5b39e3175175d027f3fd5ecc1
0000 # likewise
fatal: protocol error: bad line length character:
000
(cwd)>py -c "print('0032want feee8d0aeff172f5b39e3175175d027f3fd5ecc1\n0009done\n0000')" | git upload-pack --stateless-rpc .git
fatal: protocol error: bad line length character:
000
怀疑是马车returns引起的问题，我尝试了WSL:
$ git upload-pack --stateless-rpc .git
0032want feee8d0aeff172f5b39e3175175d027f3fd5ecc1
0000 # I hit Enter and then ^D after 0000
fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly
$ git upload-pack --stateless-rpc .git
0032want feee8d0aeff172f5b39e3175175d027f3fd5ecc1
0009done # I hit Enter and did NOT hit ^D
fatal: git upload-pack: protocol error, expected to get sha, not 'done'
$ # using Python to pipe each of the above inputs yielded the same results
我做错了什么？怎样才能让GitHub/git-upload-pack尊重我？
好的，经过更多的实验，我碰巧找到了正确的组合，如果你愿意的话，是随机的。
$ git upload-pack --stateless-rpc .git > tmp.pack
0032want feee8d0aeff172f5b39e3175175d027f3fd5ecc1
00000009done # Enter with NO ^D
Counting objects: 16, done.
Compressing objects: 100% (14/14), done.
Total 16 (delta 3), reused 0 (delta 0)
$ hd tmp.bin
00000000 30 30 30 38 4e 41 4b 0a 50 41 43 4b 00 00 00 02 |0008NAK.PACK....|
00000010 00 00 00 10 94 2f 78 9c a5 92 4f 6f db 30 0c c5 |...../x...Oo.0..|
...
>>> import requests
>>> # omitting the trailing \n results in a 200 OK blank response
>>> r = requests.post('https://github.com/Kenny2github/ConvoSplit.git/git-upload-pack', data=b'0032want feee8d0aeff172f5b39e3175175d027f3fd5ecc1\n00000009done\n')
>>> r.text[:20]
'0008NAK\nPACK\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\x10'
但是，这只能让我控制我想要的提交。如果我尝试指定我有哪些提交（like I should be able to），我只会得到我的确认：
>>> print(requests.post('https://github.com/Kenny2github/ConvoSplit.git/git-upload-pack', data=b'''
0032want feee8d0aeff172f5b39e3175175d027f3fd5ecc1
00000032have 941ea62275547bcbfb78fd97d29be18d09a78190
0032have 93dbc9cfb21d23c6eb5313419bfaa8213619c73c
0032have 648508d6359b3e8992ee5a6d9fee6f86110202fd
00000009done
'''.lstrip()).text)
0031ACK 941ea62275547bcbfb78fd97d29be18d09a78190
0031ACK 93dbc9cfb21d23c6eb5313419bfaa8213619c73c
0031ACK 648508d6359b3e8992ee5a6d9fee6f86110202fd
（如果我尝试使用 git upload-pack，情况相同。）我如何正确处理整个过程的其余部分？再一次，我的目标是模拟一个（本质上）完整的 git 遥控器。
首先，不可能在 Whosebug 的回答中解释整个协议；解释太长了。但是，我会尝试指出一些需要注意的事项。
首先，讲规矩的时候要讲得非常准确；这不是容忍行尾差异和额外字节的情况。因此，如果您要合成数据以传递给远程，则应使用 printf(1) 或编程语言来完成。不要在 shell.
处输入内容
Git使用pkt-line格式，这意味着每一行或每一块数据都以一个代表数据长度和前缀的四个hex-character序列为前缀。如果序列是 0000，那是一个 flush packet，它表示该数据块的结尾。如果序列是 0001，那是一个 delimiter packet 并且它在协议 v2 中用于分隔该数据块的部分。否则，十六进制序列的值不能超过65519。
在您发送 want 和 have 行的情况下，您需要进行多次迭代，直到服务器向您发送一个包。在 HTTP 中，这是多个请求。服务器将向您发送对您指定的 have 个参数的确认。服务器期望找到从每个 want 指令到双方都有的 object 的路径（否则，客户端什么都没有，在这种情况下存储库为空）。
请注意，此任务实际上非常复杂。现在有一个协议的 v2（旧的是 v0，还有一个 v1，它是相同的，但版本 header）用于获取。您还应该期望能够支持 SHA-256 存储库，这些存储库当前不与 SHA-1 存储库互操作，但在其他方面受到支持。 Git 还提供了大量您实际上想要支持的扩展，例如边带功能，如果您想向用户提供有关您一方正在做什么的输出，则这是必需的。
文档主要位于 Git 存储库的 Documentation/technical 中。有些地方不完整，但你应该可以通过一些阅读和测试来辨别它。
我正在尝试实现一个模拟 Git 远程的网络服务器。用户应该能够从我的服务器克隆或拉取、编辑文件、提交和推送（需要身份验证）——Git 的正常操作。但是，在服务器端并不是一个裸露的 Git 存储库或任何东西；数据以其他格式存储，仅在请求时转换。
我花了很多时间试图找出 Git 智能 HTTP 协议的工作原理，以下是我目前所知道的。
根据 Git docs on http-protocol，我知道 GET $GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 应该会引发以下（示例）响应：
HTTP/1.1 200 OK<CRLF>
Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-advertisement<CRLF>
Cache-Control: no-cache<CRLF>
<CRLF>
001e# service=git-upload-pack<LF>
0000<no LF>
004895dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31 refs/heads/maint<NUL>multi_ack<LF>
003fd049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355 refs/heads/master<LF>
003c2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115 refs/tags/v1.0<LF>
003fa3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c refs/tags/v1.0^{}<LF>
0000
根据我自己对 a repo of mine with very few commits 的实验，似乎 GitHub 到目前为止完全在文档中描述的协议限制范围内：
HTTP/1.1 200 OK<CRLF>
Server: GitHub Babel 2.0<CRLF>
Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-advertisement<CRLF>
Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'none'; sandbox<CRLF>
Transfer-Encoding: chunked<CRLF>
expires: Fri, 01 Jan 1980 00:00:00 GMT<CRLF>
pragma: no-cache<CRLF>
Cache-Control: no-cache, max-age=0, must-revalidate<CRLF>
Vary: Accept-Encoding<CRLF>
X-Frame-Options: DENY<CRLF>
X-GitHub-Request-Id: [redacted]<CRLF>
<CRLF>
001e# service=git-upload-pack<LF>
0000<no LF>0156feee8d0aeff172f5b39e3175175d027f3fd5ecc1 HEAD<NUL>multi_ack thin-pack side-band side-band-64k ofs-delta shallow deepen-since deepen-not deepen-relative no-progress include-tag multi_ack_detailed allow-tip-sha1-in-want allow-reachable-sha1-in-want no-done symref=HEAD:refs/heads/master filter object-format=sha1 agent=git/github-g69d6dd5d35d8<LF>
003ffeee8d0aeff172f5b39e3175175d027f3fd5ecc1 refs/heads/master<LF>
0000
不过，简单的部分到此为止。如果我想实际获取提交数据怎么办？ The Git docs on the matter 给出了 POST 发送请求的示例和一些语法，然后说“TODO：进一步记录”。 ????????
我尝试以我在文档中看到的格式通过 CURLing GitHub 进行试验。
(cwd)>curl https://github.com/Kenny2github/ConvoSplit.git/git-upload-pack -o - -i -X POST -d @-
0032want feee8d0aeff172f5b39e3175175d027f3fd5ecc1
0032have 941ea62275547bcbfb78fd97d29be18d09a78190
0009done
0000
^Z
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: GitHub Babel 2.0
Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-result
Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'none'; sandbox
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
expires: Fri, 01 Jan 1980 00:00:00 GMT
pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache, max-age=0, must-revalidate
Vary: Accept-Encoding
X-GitHub-Request-Id: [redacted]
X-Frame-Options: DENY
curl: (18) transfer closed with outstanding read data remaining
什么？
我尝试使用 Python:
>>> import requests
>>> requests.post('https://github.com/Kenny2github/ConvoSplit.git/git-upload-pack', data=b'''
0032want feee8d0aeff172f5b39e3175175d027f3fd5ecc1
0032have 941ea62275547bcbfb78fd97d29be18d09a78190
0009done
0000
'''.strip())
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\urllib3\response.py", line 572, in _update_chunk_length
self.chunk_left = int(line, 16)
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 16: b''
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\urllib3\response.py", line 331, in _error_catcher
yield
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\urllib3\response.py", line 637, in read_chunked
self._update_chunk_length()
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\urllib3\response.py", line 576, in _update_chunk_length
raise httplib.IncompleteRead(line)
http.client.IncompleteRead: IncompleteRead(0 bytes read)
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\requests\models.py", line 751, in generate
for chunk in self.raw.stream(chunk_size, decode_content=True):
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\urllib3\response.py", line 461, in stream
for line in self.read_chunked(amt, decode_content=decode_content):
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\urllib3\response.py", line 665, in read_chunked
self._original_response.close()
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\contextlib.py", line 130, in __exit__
self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\urllib3\response.py", line 349, in _error_catcher
raise ProtocolError('Connection broken: %r' % e, e)
urllib3.exceptions.ProtocolError: ('Connection broken: IncompleteRead(0 bytes read)', IncompleteRead(0 bytes read))
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#17>", line 1, in <module>
requests.post('https://github.com/Kenny2github/ConvoSplit.git/git-upload-pack', data=b'0032want feee8d0aeff172f5b39e3175175d027f3fd5ecc1\n0032have 941ea62275547bcbfb78fd97d29be18d09a78190\n0009done\n0000')
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 119, in post
return request('post', url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 61, in request
return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 530, in request
resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 685, in send
r.content
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\requests\models.py", line 829, in content
self._content = b''.join(self.iter_content(CONTENT_CHUNK_SIZE)) or b''
File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\requests\models.py", line 754, in generate
raise ChunkedEncodingError(e)
requests.exceptions.ChunkedEncodingError: ('Connection broken: IncompleteRead(0 bytes read)', IncompleteRead(0 bytes read))
其余的 http 协议文档没有帮助 - 出现了另外六个 TODO。 pack-protocol docs 至少让我知道我应该收到什么，但没有说明如何收到。
Transfer Protocols docs 没有告诉我任何新内容，然后说“看看 Git 源代码”。我试过了，但它是硬核 C，我必须基本上了解 Git 本身的整个基础结构。 （我可能会尝试这样做，但现在不是时候。）
我确实设法收集到涉及 git upload-pack，并且 运行 git upload-pack --stateless-rpc --advertise-refs .git 确实像以前一样给了我 /info/refs 列表。然而，从中取出实际包的尝试失败了，不仅失败了，而且在平台之间的失败也不一致。
在 Windows:
(cwd)>git upload-pack --stateless-rpc .git
0032want feee8d0aeff172f5b39e3175175d027f3fd5ecc1
0009done # I hit Enter and nothing else
fatal: protocol error: bad line length character:
000
(cwd)>git upload-pack --stateless-rpc .git
0032want feee8d0aeff172f5b39e3175175d027f3fd5ecc1
0000 # likewise
fatal: protocol error: bad line length character:
000
(cwd)>py -c "print('0032want feee8d0aeff172f5b39e3175175d027f3fd5ecc1\n0009done\n0000')" | git upload-pack --stateless-rpc .git
fatal: protocol error: bad line length character:
000
怀疑是马车returns引起的问题，我尝试了WSL:
$ git upload-pack --stateless-rpc .git
0032want feee8d0aeff172f5b39e3175175d027f3fd5ecc1
0000 # I hit Enter and then ^D after 0000
fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly
$ git upload-pack --stateless-rpc .git
0032want feee8d0aeff172f5b39e3175175d027f3fd5ecc1
0009done # I hit Enter and did NOT hit ^D
fatal: git upload-pack: protocol error, expected to get sha, not 'done'
$ # using Python to pipe each of the above inputs yielded the same results
我做错了什么？怎样才能让GitHub/git-upload-pack尊重我？
好的，经过更多的实验，我碰巧找到了正确的组合，如果你愿意的话，是随机的。
$ git upload-pack --stateless-rpc .git > tmp.pack
0032want feee8d0aeff172f5b39e3175175d027f3fd5ecc1
00000009done # Enter with NO ^D
Counting objects: 16, done.
Compressing objects: 100% (14/14), done.
Total 16 (delta 3), reused 0 (delta 0)
$ hd tmp.bin
00000000 30 30 30 38 4e 41 4b 0a 50 41 43 4b 00 00 00 02 |0008NAK.PACK....|
00000010 00 00 00 10 94 2f 78 9c a5 92 4f 6f db 30 0c c5 |...../x...Oo.0..|
...
>>> import requests
>>> # omitting the trailing \n results in a 200 OK blank response
>>> r = requests.post('https://github.com/Kenny2github/ConvoSplit.git/git-upload-pack', data=b'0032want feee8d0aeff172f5b39e3175175d027f3fd5ecc1\n00000009done\n')
>>> r.text[:20]
'0008NAK\nPACK\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\x10'
但是，这只能让我控制我想要的提交。如果我尝试指定我有哪些提交（like I should be able to），我只会得到我的确认：
>>> print(requests.post('https://github.com/Kenny2github/ConvoSplit.git/git-upload-pack', data=b'''
0032want feee8d0aeff172f5b39e3175175d027f3fd5ecc1
00000032have 941ea62275547bcbfb78fd97d29be18d09a78190
0032have 93dbc9cfb21d23c6eb5313419bfaa8213619c73c
0032have 648508d6359b3e8992ee5a6d9fee6f86110202fd
00000009done
'''.lstrip()).text)
0031ACK 941ea62275547bcbfb78fd97d29be18d09a78190
0031ACK 93dbc9cfb21d23c6eb5313419bfaa8213619c73c
0031ACK 648508d6359b3e8992ee5a6d9fee6f86110202fd
（如果我尝试使用 git upload-pack，情况相同。）我如何正确处理整个过程的其余部分？再一次，我的目标是模拟一个（本质上）完整的 git 遥控器。
首先，不可能在 Whosebug 的回答中解释整个协议；解释太长了。但是，我会尝试指出一些需要注意的事项。
首先，讲规矩的时候要讲得非常准确；这不是容忍行尾差异和额外字节的情况。因此，如果您要合成数据以传递给远程，则应使用 printf(1) 或编程语言来完成。不要在 shell.
Git使用pkt-line格式，这意味着每一行或每一块数据都以一个代表数据长度和前缀的四个hex-character序列为前缀。如果序列是 0000，那是一个 flush packet，它表示该数据块的结尾。如果序列是 0001，那是一个 delimiter packet 并且它在协议 v2 中用于分隔该数据块的部分。否则，十六进制序列的值不能超过65519。
在您发送 want 和 have 行的情况下，您需要进行多次迭代，直到服务器向您发送一个包。在 HTTP 中，这是多个请求。服务器将向您发送对您指定的 have 个参数的确认。服务器期望找到从每个 want 指令到双方都有的 object 的路径（否则，客户端什么都没有，在这种情况下存储库为空）。
请注意，此任务实际上非常复杂。现在有一个协议的 v2（旧的是 v0，还有一个 v1，它是相同的，但版本 header）用于获取。您还应该期望能够支持 SHA-256 存储库，这些存储库当前不与 SHA-1 存储库互操作，但在其他方面受到支持。 Git 还提供了大量您实际上想要支持的扩展，例如边带功能，如果您想向用户提供有关您一方正在做什么的输出，则这是必需的。
文档主要位于 Git 存储库的 Documentation/technical 中。有些地方不完整，但你应该可以通过一些阅读和测试来辨别它。