即使在 SQL 中不满足条件，编译器似乎也会评估每个 if 语句

Compiler seems to evaluate every if statement even if conditions not met in SQL

我有一个超过 300,000 行的存储过程，这是我第一次处理这种规模的东西。 这是我正在编写的代码示例：

IF (@type = 'commande client')
AND @etat = 'ouvert'
BEGIN
    IF (@tiersd = '')
   AND @tiersf = ''
    BEGIN
        IF (@familled = '')
       AND @famillef = ''
        BEGIN
            IF (@commerciald = '')
           AND @commercialf = ''
            BEGIN
                IF (@articled = '')
               AND @articlef = ''
                BEGIN
                    IF (@afamilled = '')
                   AND @afamillef = ''
                    BEGIN
                        SELECT ordr.docentry,
                               OITM.itemCode,
                               rdr1.dscription,
                               rdr1.quantity,
                               rdr1.price,
                               rdr1.currency,
                               rdr1.slpCode,
                               rdr1.basedocnum,
                               rdr1.shiptocode,
                               rdr1.shiptodesc,
                               rdr1.baseprice,
                               ordr.docnum,
                               ordr.doctype,
                               ordr.docstatus,
                               ordr.docTotal,
                               ordr.docdate,
                               ordr.cardcode,
                               ordr.cardname,
                               ordr.address,
                               ordr.doccur,
                               ordr.paidtodate,
                               ordr.doctime,
                               ordr.docsubtype,
                               ordr.basetype,
                               ordr.baseEntry,
                               OITM.itemclass,
                               OITM.itemtype,
                               OITM.itemname,
                               OITM.itmsgrpcod
                        FROM ordr
                             INNER JOIN rdr1 ON ordr.docentry = rdr1.docentry
                             INNER JOIN oitm ON OITM.itemcode = rdr1.ItemCode
                        WHERE ordr.DocDate BETWEEN @dated AND @datef
                          AND DocStatus = 'o';
                    END;
                    ELSE IF (@afamilled != '')
                        AND @afamillef = ''
                    BEGIN
                        SELECT ordr.docentry,
                               OITM.itemCode,
                               rdr1.dscription,
                               rdr1.quantity,
                               rdr1.price,
                               rdr1.currency,
                               rdr1.slpCode,
                               rdr1.basedocnum,
                               rdr1.shiptocode,
                               rdr1.shiptodesc,
                               rdr1.baseprice,
                               ordr.docnum,
                               ordr.doctype,
                               ordr.docstatus,
                               ordr.docTotal,
                               ordr.docdate,
                               ordr.cardcode,
                               ordr.cardname,
                               ordr.address,
                               ordr.doccur,
                               ordr.paidtodate,
                               ordr.doctime,
                               ordr.docsubtype,
                               ordr.basetype,
                               ordr.baseEntry,
                               OITM.itemclass,
                               OITM.itemtype,
                               OITM.itemname,
                               OITM.itmsgrpcod
                        FROM ordr
                             INNER JOIN rdr1 ON ordr.docentry = rdr1.docentry
                             INNER JOIN oitm ON OITM.itemcode = rdr1.ItemCode
                        WHERE OITM.itmsgrpcod BETWEEN @afamilled AND ((SELECT MAX(itmsgrpcod)FROM oitm))
                          AND ordr.DocDate BETWEEN @dated AND @datef
                          AND DocStatus = 'o';
                    END;

                    ELSE IF (@afamilled = '')
                        AND @afamillef != ''
                    BEGIN
                        SELECT ordr.docentry,
                               OITM.itemCode,
                               rdr1.dscription,
                               rdr1.quantity,
                               rdr1.price,
                               rdr1.currency,
                               rdr1.slpCode,
                               rdr1.basedocnum,
                               rdr1.shiptocode,
                               rdr1.shiptodesc,
                               rdr1.baseprice,
                               ordr.docnum,
                               ordr.doctype,
                               ordr.docstatus,
                               ordr.docTotal,
                               ordr.docdate,
                               ordr.cardcode,
                               ordr.cardname,
                               ordr.address,
                               ordr.doccur,
                               ordr.paidtodate,
                               ordr.doctime,
                               ordr.docsubtype,
                               ordr.basetype,
                               ordr.baseEntry,
                               OITM.itemclass,
                               OITM.itemtype,
                               OITM.itemname,
                               OITM.itmsgrpcod
                        FROM ordr
                             INNER JOIN rdr1 ON ordr.docentry = rdr1.docentry
                             INNER JOIN oitm ON OITM.itemcode = rdr1.ItemCode
                        WHERE OITM.itmsgrpcod BETWEEN ((SELECT MIN(itmsgrpcod)FROM oitm)) AND @afamillef
                          AND ordr.DocDate BETWEEN @dated AND @datef
                          AND DocStatus = 'o';
                    END;

                    IF (@afamilled != '')
                   AND @afamillef != ''
                    BEGIN
                        SELECT ordr.docentry,
                               OITM.itemCode,
                               rdr1.dscription,
                               rdr1.quantity,
                               rdr1.price,
                               rdr1.currency,
                               rdr1.slpCode,
                               rdr1.basedocnum,
                               rdr1.shiptocode,
                               rdr1.shiptodesc,
                               rdr1.baseprice,
                               ordr.docnum,
                               ordr.doctype,
                               ordr.docstatus,
                               ordr.docTotal,
                               ordr.docdate,
                               ordr.cardcode,
                               ordr.cardname,
                               ordr.address,
                               ordr.doccur,
                               ordr.paidtodate,
                               ordr.doctime,
                               ordr.docsubtype,
                               ordr.basetype,
                               ordr.baseEntry,
                               OITM.itemclass,
                               OITM.itemtype,
                               OITM.itemname,
                               OITM.itmsgrpcod
                        FROM ordr
                             INNER JOIN rdr1 ON ordr.docentry = rdr1.docentry
                             INNER JOIN oitm ON OITM.itemcode = rdr1.ItemCode
                        WHERE OITM.itmsgrpcod BETWEEN @afamilled AND @afamillef
                          AND ordr.DocDate BETWEEN @dated AND @datef
                          AND DocStatus = 'o';
                    END;
                END;

                ----------------------------

                ELSE IF (@articled != '')
                    AND @articlef != ''
                BEGIN
                    IF (@afamilled = '')
                   AND @afamillef = ''
                    BEGIN
                        SELECT ordr.docentry,
                               OITM.itemCode,
                               rdr1.dscription,
                               rdr1.quantity,
                               rdr1.price,
                               rdr1.currency,
                               rdr1.slpCode,
                               rdr1.basedocnum,
                               rdr1.shiptocode,
                               rdr1.shiptodesc,
                               rdr1.baseprice,
                               ordr.docnum,
                               ordr.doctype,
                               ordr.docstatus,
                               ordr.docTotal,
                               ordr.docdate,
                               ordr.cardcode,
                               ordr.cardname,
                               ordr.address,
                               ordr.doccur,
                               ordr.paidtodate,
                               ordr.doctime,
                               ordr.docsubtype,
                               ordr.basetype,
                               ordr.baseEntry,
                               OITM.itemclass,
                               OITM.itemtype,
                               OITM.itemname,
                               OITM.itmsgrpcod
                        FROM ordr
                             INNER JOIN rdr1 ON ordr.docentry = rdr1.docentry
                             INNER JOIN oitm ON OITM.itemcode = rdr1.ItemCode
                        WHERE OITM.itemcode BETWEEN @articled AND @articlef
                          AND ordr.DocDate BETWEEN @dated AND @datef
                          AND DocStatus = 'o';
                    END;
                    IF (@afamilled != '')
                   AND @afamillef = ''
                    BEGIN
                        SELECT ordr.docentry,
                               OITM.itemCode,
                               rdr1.dscription,
                               rdr1.quantity,
                               rdr1.price,
                               rdr1.currency,
                               rdr1.slpCode,
                               rdr1.basedocnum,
                               rdr1.shiptocode,
                               rdr1.shiptodesc,
                               rdr1.baseprice,
                               ordr.docnum,
                               ordr.doctype,
                               ordr.docstatus,
                               ordr.docTotal,
                               ordr.docdate,
                               ordr.cardcode,
                               ordr.cardname,
                               ordr.address,
                               ordr.doccur,
                               ordr.paidtodate,
                               ordr.doctime,
                               ordr.docsubtype,
                               ordr.basetype,
                               ordr.baseEntry,
                               OITM.itemclass,
                               OITM.itemtype,
                               OITM.itemname,
                               OITM.itmsgrpcod
                        FROM ordr
                             INNER JOIN rdr1 ON ordr.docentry = rdr1.docentry
                             INNER JOIN oitm ON OITM.itemcode = rdr1.ItemCode
                        WHERE OITM.itemcode BETWEEN @articled AND @articlef
                          AND OITM.itmsgrpcod BETWEEN @afamilled AND ((SELECT MAX(itmsgrpcod)FROM oitm))
                          AND ordr.DocDate BETWEEN @dated AND @datef
                          AND DocStatus = 'o';
                    END;

                    IF (@afamilled = '')
                   AND @afamillef != ''
                    BEGIN
                        SELECT ordr.docentry,
                               OITM.itemCode,
                               rdr1.dscription,
                               rdr1.quantity,
                               rdr1.price,
                               rdr1.currency,
                               rdr1.slpCode,
                               rdr1.basedocnum,
                               rdr1.shiptocode,
                               rdr1.shiptodesc,
                               rdr1.baseprice,
                               ordr.docnum,
                               ordr.doctype,
                               ordr.docstatus,
                               ordr.docTotal,
                               ordr.docdate,
                               ordr.cardcode,
                               ordr.cardname,
                               ordr.address,
                               ordr.doccur,
                               ordr.paidtodate,
                               ordr.doctime,
                               ordr.docsubtype,
                               ordr.basetype,
                               ordr.baseEntry,
                               OITM.itemclass,
                               OITM.itemtype,
                               OITM.itemname,
                               OITM.itmsgrpcod
                        FROM ordr
                             INNER JOIN rdr1 ON ordr.docentry = rdr1.docentry
                             INNER JOIN oitm ON OITM.itemcode = rdr1.ItemCode
                        WHERE OITM.itemcode BETWEEN @articled AND @articlef
                          AND OITM.itmsgrpcod BETWEEN ((SELECT MIN(itmsgrpcod)FROM oitm)) AND @afamillef
                          AND ordr.DocDate BETWEEN @dated AND @datef
                          AND DocStatus = 'o';
                    END;

                    IF (@afamilled != '')
                   AND @afamillef != ''
                    BEGIN
                        SELECT ordr.docentry,
                               OITM.itemCode,
                               rdr1.dscription,
                               rdr1.quantity,
                               rdr1.price,
                               rdr1.currency,
                               rdr1.slpCode,
                               rdr1.basedocnum,
                               rdr1.shiptocode,
                               rdr1.shiptodesc,
                               rdr1.baseprice,
                               ordr.docnum,
                               ordr.doctype,
                               ordr.docstatus,
                               ordr.docTotal,
                               ordr.docdate,
                               ordr.cardcode,
                               ordr.cardname,
                               ordr.address,
                               ordr.doccur,
                               ordr.paidtodate,
                               ordr.doctime,
                               ordr.docsubtype,
                               ordr.basetype,
                               ordr.baseEntry,
                               OITM.itemclass,
                               OITM.itemtype,
                               OITM.itemname,
                               OITM.itmsgrpcod
                        FROM ordr
                             INNER JOIN rdr1 ON ordr.docentry = rdr1.docentry
                             INNER JOIN oitm ON OITM.itemcode = rdr1.ItemCode
                        WHERE OITM.itemcode BETWEEN @articled AND @articlef
                          AND OITM.itmsgrpcod BETWEEN @afamilled AND @afamillef
                          AND ordr.DocDate BETWEEN @dated AND @datef
                          AND DocStatus = 'o';
                    END;
                END;

问题是即使不满足条件，编译器似乎也会检查每个 if 语句，这需要大约半小时，所以我希望找到解决这个问题的方法

是的，正如评论中提到的，SQL 服务器的 T-SQL 编译器是一个真正的编译器，它试图像客户端语言编译器那样编译每一行（一些客户端语言编译器有编译器指令来解决这个问题，T-SQL 有不同的技术和功能来实现相同的目的，详见下文）。

如果您只想编译某些行，那么您将需要使用不同的方法。因为您的存储过程有 300,000 行，所以无论如何这似乎是个好主意。以下是您可能会考虑的一些技巧：

  • 将其分解为一个主存储过程，其中包含所有决策（或更高级别的决策）和许多从属存储过程，这些存储过程具有实际的 SQL 查询（and/or 较低级别决定）
  • 较低级别的动态 SQL。动态 SQL 直到在 运行 时显式调用它才会被编译（SSMS 脚本程序使用这样的技术，因此您可以查看它的示例，另一个示例是 catch-all queries）
  • 使用 table 驱动的代码生成自动创建适当的 SQL 代码作为预编译器阶段，实现一种或两种或上述技术
  • 使用 table 驱动的代码生成仅在 运行 时动态创建您需要的 SQL 代码，然后动态执行它
  • 上述技术的任何或所有组合

预先警告，除第一个项目符号外的任何内容都涉及动态 SQL 并且需要足够的 SQL 专业知识来理解安全后果（SQL 注入等）和 how to deal with them.此外，您在列表中越往下，实现这些所需的技术技能和 SQL 知识就越多。