如何在 python 中的几个文件的某些行的末尾添加一个字符串
how to add a string at the end of some lines of several files in python
我有几个 .msh
格式的文件,我想使用 python 在其中一些行的末尾添加一个字符串。我的文件名是 mod0.msh
、mod1.msh
、mod2.msh
等等。每个文件都有数千行,但第一行是这样的:
$MeshFormat
2.2 0 8
$EndMeshFormat
$PhysicalNames
13
1 10 "W_1"
1 11 "W_2"
2 8 "fault2"
2 9 "fault1"
2 12 "in"
...
我想在某些行的末尾添加另一个字符串 ( new_added_string
)。这些行是:
adding_str=[6,7,8,9]
我只对两个文件尝试了以下代码,但它没有给我想要的东西。我还想导出与原始文件格式相同的修改后的文件 (.msh
):
for idx in range(2) # 2 means I have two files:
with open('changed_{}'.format(idx), 'a') as fout:
with open('mod{}.msh'.format(idx), 'r') as fin:
lines = fin.readline()
for i, line in enumerate (lines):
if i in exp:
fout.write(' new_added_string')
else:
fout.write(line)
最后,将字符串添加到提到的行号后,我的文件将如下所示:
$MeshFormat
2.2 0 8
$EndMeshFormat
$PhysicalNames
13
1 10 "W_1" new_added_string
1 11 "W_2" new_added_string
2 8 "fault2" new_added_string
2 9 "fault1" new_added_string
2 12 "in"
...
我修复了一些错误:
for idx in range(2)
缺失 :
lines = fin.readline()
应该是readlines
,否则你只读第一行。
- 你应该输出
line+'new_added_string'
,而不是只输出'new_added_string'
代码:
adding_str = [i-1 for i in [6,7,8,9]]
for idx in range(2): # 2 means I have two files:
with open('changed_{}.txt'.format(idx), 'a') as fout:
with open('mod{}.msh'.format(idx), 'r') as fin:
lines = fin.readlines()
for i, line in enumerate (lines):
if i in adding_str:
fout.write(line.replace("\n","") + ' new_added_string\n')
else:
fout.write(line)
change_0.txt
文件结果:
$MeshFormat
2.2 0 8
$EndMeshFormat
$PhysicalNames
13
1 10 "W_1" new_added_string
1 11 "W_2" new_added_string
2 8 "fault2" new_added_string
2 9 "fault1" new_added_string
2 12 "in"
您知道 fileinput
用于逐行编辑文件的软件包吗?使用此 和 处理换行符可能会有所帮助:
from fileinput import FileInput
adding_str = [6, 7, 8, 9]
for idx in range(2):
with FileInput(f'mod{idx}.msh', inplace=True, backup='.bak') as in_file:
for i, line in enumerate(in_file, start=1):
print(
line.rstrip(),
end=' new_added_string\n' if i in adding_str else '\n'
)
当然,就地修改不是必须的,只是一个可能会用到的功能。
我有几个 .msh
格式的文件,我想使用 python 在其中一些行的末尾添加一个字符串。我的文件名是 mod0.msh
、mod1.msh
、mod2.msh
等等。每个文件都有数千行,但第一行是这样的:
$MeshFormat
2.2 0 8
$EndMeshFormat
$PhysicalNames
13
1 10 "W_1"
1 11 "W_2"
2 8 "fault2"
2 9 "fault1"
2 12 "in"
...
我想在某些行的末尾添加另一个字符串 ( new_added_string
)。这些行是:
adding_str=[6,7,8,9]
我只对两个文件尝试了以下代码,但它没有给我想要的东西。我还想导出与原始文件格式相同的修改后的文件 (.msh
):
for idx in range(2) # 2 means I have two files:
with open('changed_{}'.format(idx), 'a') as fout:
with open('mod{}.msh'.format(idx), 'r') as fin:
lines = fin.readline()
for i, line in enumerate (lines):
if i in exp:
fout.write(' new_added_string')
else:
fout.write(line)
最后,将字符串添加到提到的行号后,我的文件将如下所示:
$MeshFormat
2.2 0 8
$EndMeshFormat
$PhysicalNames
13
1 10 "W_1" new_added_string
1 11 "W_2" new_added_string
2 8 "fault2" new_added_string
2 9 "fault1" new_added_string
2 12 "in"
...
我修复了一些错误:
for idx in range(2)
缺失:
lines = fin.readline()
应该是readlines
,否则你只读第一行。- 你应该输出
line+'new_added_string'
,而不是只输出'new_added_string'
代码:
adding_str = [i-1 for i in [6,7,8,9]]
for idx in range(2): # 2 means I have two files:
with open('changed_{}.txt'.format(idx), 'a') as fout:
with open('mod{}.msh'.format(idx), 'r') as fin:
lines = fin.readlines()
for i, line in enumerate (lines):
if i in adding_str:
fout.write(line.replace("\n","") + ' new_added_string\n')
else:
fout.write(line)
change_0.txt
文件结果:
$MeshFormat
2.2 0 8
$EndMeshFormat
$PhysicalNames
13
1 10 "W_1" new_added_string
1 11 "W_2" new_added_string
2 8 "fault2" new_added_string
2 9 "fault1" new_added_string
2 12 "in"
您知道 fileinput
用于逐行编辑文件的软件包吗?使用此 和 处理换行符可能会有所帮助:
from fileinput import FileInput
adding_str = [6, 7, 8, 9]
for idx in range(2):
with FileInput(f'mod{idx}.msh', inplace=True, backup='.bak') as in_file:
for i, line in enumerate(in_file, start=1):
print(
line.rstrip(),
end=' new_added_string\n' if i in adding_str else '\n'
)
当然,就地修改不是必须的,只是一个可能会用到的功能。