使用 .NET 核心检测并重启崩溃的 windows 应用程序

Question

我们很少有第三方供应商提供的应用程序经常崩溃，而且由于我们没有它的源代码，我们无法真正正确地修复它。所以我决定创建一个 .NET core 5 worker 服务 来监视这些应用程序并根据需要重新启动它们。

如何检测此应用程序是否已崩溃，因为该应用程序本身并未关闭但出现错误 window。该应用程序仍显示在任务管理器的“进程”选项卡上。它崩溃的迹象来自 window 对话框中的消息。

我只需要在错误 window 对话框中抓取错误消息进行记录，关闭错误 window 和应用程序，最后再次启动应用程序。 该应用程序是旧的；可能是 winforms 应用程序。

任何有关如何在 .NET core 中执行此操作的指导将不胜感激。

谢谢！

Answer 1

已更新为使用 UIAutomation

正如@Simon Mourier 和@Ben Voigt 在评论中所建议的那样。 非常感谢！

我就是这样工作的。如果可以做得更好，欢迎大家多多指教

确保将此添加到 .NET core .csproj 文件中，以便能够使用 using System.Windows.Automation; 命名空间：

  <ItemGroup>
    <FrameworkReference Include="Microsoft.WindowsDesktop.App" />
  </ItemGroup>

现在主要Program.cs:

class Program
{
    private const int ThreadDelay = 5000;
    public static async Task Main(string[] args)
    {
        var appsFromAppSettings = new List<WatchedApp>
        {
            new WatchedApp()
            {
                AppName = "TMWMPoll",
                NumberOfInstances = 1,
                AppWindowName = "(4650) Test PNET Poller (3) ELogs",
                ErrorWindowName = "TMW MobileComm Xfc",
                AppLocation = @"C:\Users\source\repos\TMWMPoll\publish\setup.exe"
            }
        };

        // I'm using Hashset, because I do not want to add duplicate items to the list.
        var appsToRestart = new HashSet<WatchedApp>();

        while (true)
        {
            var processArray = Process.GetProcesses();

            //Step 1: Handle the errored out apps
            foreach (var app in appsFromAppSettings)
            {
                var process = processArray.FirstOrDefault(p => p.ProcessName == app.AppName);

                // See if the app is even running:
                if (process == null)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"Couldn't find the app: '{app.AppName}' to be running. A new instance will be opened for it.");
                    appsToRestart.Add(app);
                    continue;
                }

                // Get the main window of the process we're interested in:
                AutomationElement appMainWindow = AutomationElement.FromHandle(process.MainWindowHandle);
                if (appMainWindow == null)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"Couldn't find the app window for: {app.AppName}.");
                    continue;
                }

                // Check if it is being opened as a Window. If it is, then it should implement the Window pattern.
                object pattern;
                if (!appMainWindow.TryGetCurrentPattern(WindowPattern.Pattern, out pattern))
                {
                    continue;
                }

                // Cast the pattern object to WindowPattern
                var window = (WindowPattern)pattern;

                // Get all the child windows.
                // Because if there is a child window, the app could have errored out so we'll be restarting the app to be safe.
                var childElements = appMainWindow.FindAll(TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.ControlTypeProperty, ControlType.Window));
                if (childElements.Count > 0)
                {
                    foreach (AutomationElement childElement in childElements)
                    {
                        // Check if it is being opened as a Window. If it is, then it should implement the Window pattern.
                        if (!childElement.TryGetCurrentPattern(WindowPattern.Pattern, out pattern))
                        {
                            continue;
                        }

                        // // Cast the pattern object to WindowPattern
                        var childWindow = (WindowPattern)pattern;

                        // Now read the error message in there:
                        var errorMessage = childElement.FindFirst(TreeScope.Children, new PropertyCondition(AutomationElement.ControlTypeProperty, ControlType.Text))?.Current.Name;
                        Console.WriteLine($"This is the error to log: {errorMessage}");
                        childWindow.Close();
                    }

                    // This app will need to be restarted, so make note of it.
                    appsToRestart.Add(app);
                    // Finally kill the process after all that logging from those child windows.
                    process.Kill();
                }
            }

            //Step 2: Handle the apps that didn't start or were crashed (by comparing with the processArray)
            var notRunningApps = appsFromAppSettings
                                .Where(aps => !processArray
                                                .Select(pa => pa.ProcessName)
                                                .Contains(aps.AppName))
                                .ToList();

            // Now create the final list of apps for us to open:
            appsToRestart.UnionWith(notRunningApps);

            // Now open all those apps.
            if (appsToRestart.Any())
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Some required apps either crashed or were not running, so starting them now.");
                foreach (var notRunningApp in appsToRestart)
                {
                    //Start the app now
                    for (int i = 1; i <= notRunningApp.NumberOfInstances; i++)
                    {
                        Process.Start(notRunningApp.AppLocation);
                    }
                }
            }

            // Now clear the hashset for appsToRestart before the next run
            appsToRestart.Clear();

            // Poll every ThreadDelay microseconds.
            await Task.Delay(ThreadDelay);
        };
    }
}

WatchedApp条记录：

//In a record type, you can't change the value of value-type properties or the reference of reference-type properties. 
public record WatchedApp
{
    public string AppName { get; init; }
    public sbyte NumberOfInstances { get; init; }
    public string AppWindowName { get; init; }
    public string ErrorWindowName { get; init; }
    public string AppLocation { get; init; }
}