gawk gensub 中 (GNU coreutils) 日期的命令替换

Command substitution for (GNU coreutils) date in gawk gensub

我有一个数据文件,其中包含格式为 yy-dd-mm.

的大量(~ 5K)日期行

典型的文件行可能是:

bla bla 21-04-26 blabla blabla 18-01-28 bla bla bla bla 19-01-12 blabla

我需要为任何一个日期做这种替换:

$ date --date="18-01-28" "+%A, %d %B %Y"
Sunday, 28 January 2018

我已经使用 sed 解决了这个问题(有关详细信息,请参阅 post 脚本)。

我想改用 gawk。 我想出了这个命令:

$ gawk '{b = gensub(/([0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2})/,"$(date --date=\"\1\" \"+%A, %d %B %Y\")", "g")}; {print b}' 

问题是bash没有在gensub里面展开date命令,其实我得到:

$ echo "bla bla 21-04-26 blabla blabla 18-01-28 bla bla bla bla 19-01-12 blabla" | gawk '{b = gensub(/([0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2})/,"$(date --date=\"\1\" \"+%A, %d %B %Y\")", "g")}; {print b}' 
bla bla $(date --date="21-04-26" "+%A, %d %B %Y") blabla blabla $(date --date="18-01-28" "+%A, %d %B %Y") bla bla bla bla $(date --date="19-01-12" "+%A, %d %B %Y") blabla

我不知道如何修改 gawk 命令以获得所需的结果:

bla bla Monday, 26 April 2021 blabla blabla Sunday, 28 January 2018 bla bla bla bla Saturday, 12 January 2019 blabla

post 脚本:

关于sed的问题,我用这个脚本解决了

#!/bin/bash

#pathFile hard-coded here
pathFile='./data.txt'

#treshold to avoid "to many arguments" error with sed
maxCount=1000
counter=0

#list of dates in the data file
dateList=($(egrep -o "[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}" "$pathFile" | sort | uniq))

#string to pass multiple instruction to sed
sedCommand=''

for item in ${dateList[@]}
do
    sedCommand+="s/"$item"/"$(date --date="$item" "+%A, %d %B %Y")"/g;"
    (( counter++ ))
    if [[ $counter -gt $maxCount ]]
    then
        sed -i "$sedCommand" "$pathFile"
        counter=0
        sedCommand=''
    fi
done
[[ ! -z "$sedCommand" ]] && sed -i "$sedCommand" "$pathFile"

Gawk 具有处理 date/time 的内置函数,这比调用外部 date 命令要快得多。

示例输入:

# cat file
79-03-21 | 21-01-01
79-04-17 | 20-12-31

gawk 脚本:

# cat date.awk
{
    while (match([=11=], /([0-9]{2})-([0-9]{2})-([0-9]{2})/, arr) ) {
        date = sprintf("%s-%s-%s", arr[1], arr[2], arr[3])
        #                           \_YY    \_MM    \_DD
        if (arr[1] >= 70) {
            time = sprintf("19%s %s %s  1  0  0", arr[1], arr[2], arr[3])
            #               YYYY MM DD HH MM SS
        } else {
            time = sprintf("20%s %s %s  1  0  0", arr[1], arr[2], arr[3])
        }
        secs = mktime(time)
        new_date = strftime("%A, %d %B %Y", secs)
        [=11=] = gensub(date, new_date, "g")
    }
    print
}

结果:

# gawk -f date.awk file
Wednesday, 21 March 1979 | Friday, 01 January 2021
Tuesday, 17 April 1979 | Thursday, 31 December 2020

只是为了展示如何使用 awk 的管道进行“命令替换”—

$ cat foo.awk
{
    while (match([=10=], /([0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2})/, arr) ) {
        date = arr[1]
        cmd = "date -d " date " +'%A, %d %B %Y' "
        cmd | getline new_date
        # pipes are not closed automatically!
        close(cmd)
        [=10=] = gensub(date, new_date, "g")
    }
    print
}
$ cat file
79-03-21 | 21-01-01
79-04-17 | 20-12-31
$ gawk -f foo.awk file
Wednesday, 21 March 1979 | Friday, 01 January 2021
Tuesday, 17 April 1979 | Thursday, 31 December 2020