如何在 powershell 中使用不可导出的证书对文件进行签名？

Question

我尝试在 PowerShell 中使用此代码：

$path = 'cert:\currentuser\my\' + 'Thumbprint_My_Certificate'
$cert=Get-ChildItem -Path $path
$choicec=$cert | Where-Object HasPrivateKey -eq 'true' | Where-Object { $_.Subject -eq "CN=CN_Name_My_Certificate" }
 Set-AuthenticodeSignature -FilePath C:\Users\myuser\Desktop\TestFilePS.txt -Certificate $choicec*

在那种情况下我有这个错误：

Set-AuthenticodeSignature : Cannot bind argument to parameter 'Certificate' because it is null.
At line:1 char:94
+ ... ath C:\Users\myuser\Desktop\TestFilePS.txt -Certificate $choicec
+                                                                  ~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidData: (:) [Set-AuthenticodeSignature], ParameterBindingValidationException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : ParameterArgumentValidationErrorNullNotAllowed,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.SetAuthenti
   codeSignatureCommand*

当我将最后一个命令更改为

Set-AuthenticodeSignature -FilePath C:\Users\myuser\Desktop\TestFilePS.txt -Certificate $cert

我有这个错误：

Set-AuthenticodeSignature : Cannot sign code. The specified certificate is not suitable for code signing.
At line:1 char:1
+ Set-AuthenticodeSignature -FilePath C:\Users\myuser\Desktop\Test ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidArgument: (:) [Set-AuthenticodeSignature], PSArgumentException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : Argument,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.SetAuthenticodeSignatureCommand

$cert 的输出 | fl * 如下：


PSPath : Microsoft.PowerShell.Security\Certificate::currentuser\my\XXXThumbprint_My_CertificateXXX
PSParentPath             : Microsoft.PowerShell.Security\Certificate::currentuser\my
PSChildName              : XXXThumbprint_My_CertificateXXX
PSDrive                  : Cert
PSProvider               : Microsoft.PowerShell.Security\Certificate
PSIsContainer            : False
EnhancedKeyUsageList     : {Server Authentication (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1), Client Authentication (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2)}
DnsNameList              : {MyComputerName, MyDomain}
SendAsTrustedIssuer      : False
EnrollmentPolicyEndPoint : Microsoft.CertificateServices.Commands.EnrollmentEndPointProperty
EnrollmentServerEndPoint : Microsoft.CertificateServices.Commands.EnrollmentEndPointProperty
PolicyId                 : 
Archived                 : False
Extensions               : {System.Security.Cryptography.Oid, System.Security.Cryptography.Oid, System.Security.Cryptography.Oid, System.Security.Cryptography.Oid...}
FriendlyName             : 
IssuerName               : System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X500DistinguishedName
NotAfter                 : 09.05.2023 23:13:07
NotBefore                : 09.05.2021 23:13:07
HasPrivateKey            : True
PrivateKey               : System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider
PublicKey                : System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.PublicKey
RawData                  : {48, 130, 6, 249...}
SerialNumber             : XXXSerial_Number_My_CertificateXX
SubjectName              : System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X500DistinguishedName
SignatureAlgorithm       : System.Security.Cryptography.Oid
Thumbprint               : XXXThumbprint_My_CertificateXXX
Version                  : 3
Handle                   : 2049462886560
Issuer                   : CN=CN_Name_My_Certificate, O=CompanyName
Subject                  : CN=CN_Name_My_Certificate, OU=OU_Name, O=CompanyName, L=L_Name

我做错了什么？

Answer 1

假设您已请求证书并且已将其正确添加到域组策略“受信任的发布者”部分，则签名过程本身相当简单。 PowerShell 命令遵循以下语法 –

Set-AuthenticodeSignature -FilePath LOCATIONOFSCRIPT -Certificate LOCATIONOFCERT –TimestampServer TSASERVER

哪里-

LOCATIONOFSCRIPT = 待签名脚本的路径

LOCATIONOFCERT = 您的用户证书的路径

TSASERVER = 一个外部时间戳机构，允许脚本在用于签名的证书过期后继续受信任

因此，如下所示，假设证书正确位于您的个人存储中：

$cert=(dir cert:currentuser\my\ -CodeSigningCert)

$script = 'C:\Users\myuser\Desktop\TestFilePS.txt'

# Alternative timestamp sources:
#http://timestamp.comodoca.com/authenticode
#http://timestamp.globalsign.com/scripts/timestamp.dll
#http://tsa.starfieldtech.com
#
Try {
    Set-AuthenticodeSignature -FilePath $($script) -Certificate $cert -TimestampServer http://timestamp.digicert.com -Verbose -ErrorAction Stop

}
Catch { 
    $_
}

如何在 powershell 中使用不可导出的证书对文件进行签名？

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