如何在python乌龟中使用"if"和"onkeypress"？
How to use "if" and "onkeypress" in python turtle?
'''
from sys import exit
from turtle import *
from math import sqrt, cos, radians
def tria():
seth(180)
fd(radius*sqrt(3))
lt(120)
fd(radius *sqrt(3))
lt(120)
fd(radius * sqrt(3))
seth(120)
circle(radius)
seth(0)
def rect():
seth(0)
fd(radius * sqrt(2))
rt(90)
fd(radius * sqrt(2))
rt(90)
fd(radius * sqrt(2))
rt(90)
fd(radius * sqrt(2))
seth(0)
def penta():
seth(-36)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
rt(72)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
rt(72)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
rt(72)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
rt(72)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
seth(180)
def hexa():
seth(-30)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
seth(180)
radius = float(input("Write the radius "))
screen = getscreen()
shape('turtle')
speed(5)
screen.onkeypress(tria,"3")
screen.onkeypress(reset,"r")
screen.onkeypress(exit,"q")
screen.onkeypress(exit,"q")
if (screen.onkeypress(None,'4')):
rect()
if (screen.onkeypress(None,'o')):
seth(120)
circle(radius)
seth(0)
screen.listen()
screen.mainloop()
'''
错误：jinhojeon@jinui-MacBookAir jinhojeon % python polygons2.py
写出半径 100
2021-06-30 18:10:06.982 python[10480:325389] TSM AdjustCapsLockLEDForKeyTransitionHandling - _ISSetPhysicalKeyboardCapsLockLED 抑制
Tkinter 回调异常
问：想分开两个动作，画多边形，画外圈用onkeypress。例如，按“4”，绘制矩形，然后按 'o'，绘制外圆。如果它在onkeypress中不起作用，我希望你向我指出。
问题：不知道如何在 python、Mac os 中调用按键的 str 或 ascii。我也不知道它是否有效，即使我可以"if ~~ == 'o': onkeypress(outer_rect,'o')。
据我所知，onkeypress 函数的目的是在读取适当的键时“有趣”。我之前用谷歌搜索过，但是，“msvcrt”在 Mac 中不起作用。任何人都知道如何在 python 和 mac 中将按键作为 str 或 ascii 获取，或者如何将它们很好地分开。如果您能与我分享您的知识，我将不胜感激。
如果我的话含糊不清，我真的很感谢你指出哪些含糊不清。
我的解决方案如下。我注意到矩形的外圈和其他的不一样。
如何更改代码，如按“4” -> 按 'o'(outercircle) -> 如果不按 -> 返回循环 -> ？ : 期望按下相同的按钮 'o'，但输出不同
from sys import exit
from turtle import *
from math import sqrt, cos, radians
def tria():
speed(6)
seth(180)
fd(radius*sqrt(3))
lt(120)
fd(radius *sqrt(3))
lt(120)
fd(radius * sqrt(3))
seth(120)
def rect():
speed(6)
seth(0)
fd(radius * sqrt(2))
rt(90)
fd(radius * sqrt(2))
rt(90)
fd(radius * sqrt(2))
rt(90)
fd(radius * sqrt(2))
seth(0)
def penta():
speed(6)
seth(-36)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
rt(72)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
rt(72)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
rt(72)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
rt(72)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
seth(180)
def hexa():
speed(6)
seth(-30)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
seth(180)
def one():
speed(6)
seth(225)
circle(radius)
seth(0)
def outercircle():
speed(6)
circle(radius)
seth(0)
radius = float(input("Write the radius "))
screen = getscreen()
shape('turtle')
speed(6)
screen.listen()
screen.onkeypress(reset,"r")
screen.onkeypress(exit,"q")
screen.onkeypress(tria,"3")
screen.onkeypress(rect,'4')
screen.onkeypress(penta,'5')
screen.onkeypress(hexa,'6')
screen.onkeypress(one,'o')
screen.onkeypress(outercircle,'C')
screen.mainloop()
这很难理解。希望你把键盘的事情理顺了。
以为它是一只未绑定的海龟，后来我意识到你使用了 from turtle import *，我猜它允许你在不声明海龟实例的情况下输入命令。然后我以为你是说它需要 screen.listen() 但那是在我预期的 以上 中输入的。以为那会在您的键绑定下。猜想无论哪种方式它都运行良好。
所以你真正的问题是关于如何跟踪当前的绘图样式，然后为此创建一个特定的圆圈。只需设置一个全局，然后使用 if-then。
编辑： 是的，您需要像这里的答案那样做一些事情，Python Turtle screen.onkey() to print out keysymbols, and figure out which is required. Then type that into your script. Combos would look like this, Tkinter keybinding for Control-Shift-Tab
#! /usr/bin/env python3
from sys import exit
from turtle import *
from math import sqrt, cos, radians
current = None
def tria():
global current ; current = 'tria'
speed(6)
seth(180)
fd(radius*sqrt(3))
lt(120)
fd(radius *sqrt(3))
lt(120)
fd(radius * sqrt(3))
seth(120)
def rect():
global current ; current = 'rect'
speed(6)
seth(0)
fd(radius * sqrt(2))
rt(90)
fd(radius * sqrt(2))
rt(90)
fd(radius * sqrt(2))
rt(90)
fd(radius * sqrt(2))
seth(0)
def penta():
global current ; current = 'penta'
speed(6)
seth(-36)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
rt(72)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
rt(72)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
rt(72)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
rt(72)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
seth(180)
def hexa():
global current ; current = 'hexa'
speed(6)
seth(-30)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
seth(180)
def one():
global current ; current = 'one'
speed(6)
seth(225)
circle(radius)
seth(0)
def outercircle():
if current == 'tria':
seth(120)
speed(6)
circle(radius)
seth(0)
if current == 'rect':
seth(224)
speed(6)
circle(radius *1.01)
seth(0)
else:
speed(6)
circle(radius)
seth(0)
def test( event ): ## print keysymbols, so you can see which to use
print('test event:', event)
print('test keysym:', event.keysym)
print('test state:', event.state)
print('test Ctrl :', bool(event.state & 4))
print('test Shift:', bool(event.state & 1))
print('test Alt :', bool(event.state & 8))
print('---')
radius = float(input("Write the radius "))
screen = getscreen()
canvas = screen.getcanvas() ## get the raw tkinter canvas
shape('turtle')
speed(6)
screen.listen()
screen.onkeypress(reset,"r")
screen.onkeypress(exit,"q")
screen.onkeypress(tria,"3")
screen.onkeypress(rect,'4')
screen.onkeypress(penta,'5')
screen.onkeypress(hexa,'6')
screen.onkeypress(one,'o')
screen.onkeypress(outercircle,'c')
canvas.bind( '<KeyPress>', test ) ## bind any unbound keys to the test() function
screen.mainloop()
'''
from sys import exit
from turtle import *
from math import sqrt, cos, radians
def tria():
seth(180)
fd(radius*sqrt(3))
lt(120)
fd(radius *sqrt(3))
lt(120)
fd(radius * sqrt(3))
seth(120)
circle(radius)
seth(0)
def rect():
seth(0)
fd(radius * sqrt(2))
rt(90)
fd(radius * sqrt(2))
rt(90)
fd(radius * sqrt(2))
rt(90)
fd(radius * sqrt(2))
seth(0)
def penta():
seth(-36)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
rt(72)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
rt(72)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
rt(72)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
rt(72)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
seth(180)
def hexa():
seth(-30)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
seth(180)
radius = float(input("Write the radius "))
screen = getscreen()
shape('turtle')
speed(5)
screen.onkeypress(tria,"3")
screen.onkeypress(reset,"r")
screen.onkeypress(exit,"q")
screen.onkeypress(exit,"q")
if (screen.onkeypress(None,'4')):
rect()
if (screen.onkeypress(None,'o')):
seth(120)
circle(radius)
seth(0)
screen.listen()
screen.mainloop()
'''
错误：jinhojeon@jinui-MacBookAir jinhojeon % python polygons2.py 写出半径 100 2021-06-30 18:10:06.982 python[10480:325389] TSM AdjustCapsLockLEDForKeyTransitionHandling - _ISSetPhysicalKeyboardCapsLockLED 抑制 Tkinter 回调异常
问：想分开两个动作，画多边形，画外圈用onkeypress。例如，按“4”，绘制矩形，然后按 'o'，绘制外圆。如果它在onkeypress中不起作用，我希望你向我指出。
问题：不知道如何在 python、Mac os 中调用按键的 str 或 ascii。我也不知道它是否有效，即使我可以"if ~~ == 'o': onkeypress(outer_rect,'o')。
据我所知，onkeypress 函数的目的是在读取适当的键时“有趣”。我之前用谷歌搜索过，但是，“msvcrt”在 Mac 中不起作用。任何人都知道如何在 python 和 mac 中将按键作为 str 或 ascii 获取，或者如何将它们很好地分开。如果您能与我分享您的知识，我将不胜感激。
如果我的话含糊不清，我真的很感谢你指出哪些含糊不清。
我的解决方案如下。我注意到矩形的外圈和其他的不一样。 如何更改代码，如按“4” -> 按 'o'(outercircle) -> 如果不按 -> 返回循环 -> ？ : 期望按下相同的按钮 'o'，但输出不同
from sys import exit
from turtle import *
from math import sqrt, cos, radians
def tria():
speed(6)
seth(180)
fd(radius*sqrt(3))
lt(120)
fd(radius *sqrt(3))
lt(120)
fd(radius * sqrt(3))
seth(120)
def rect():
speed(6)
seth(0)
fd(radius * sqrt(2))
rt(90)
fd(radius * sqrt(2))
rt(90)
fd(radius * sqrt(2))
rt(90)
fd(radius * sqrt(2))
seth(0)
def penta():
speed(6)
seth(-36)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
rt(72)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
rt(72)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
rt(72)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
rt(72)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
seth(180)
def hexa():
speed(6)
seth(-30)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
seth(180)
def one():
speed(6)
seth(225)
circle(radius)
seth(0)
def outercircle():
speed(6)
circle(radius)
seth(0)
radius = float(input("Write the radius "))
screen = getscreen()
shape('turtle')
speed(6)
screen.listen()
screen.onkeypress(reset,"r")
screen.onkeypress(exit,"q")
screen.onkeypress(tria,"3")
screen.onkeypress(rect,'4')
screen.onkeypress(penta,'5')
screen.onkeypress(hexa,'6')
screen.onkeypress(one,'o')
screen.onkeypress(outercircle,'C')
screen.mainloop()
这很难理解。希望你把键盘的事情理顺了。
以为它是一只未绑定的海龟，后来我意识到你使用了 from turtle import *，我猜它允许你在不声明海龟实例的情况下输入命令。然后我以为你是说它需要 screen.listen() 但那是在我预期的 以上 中输入的。以为那会在您的键绑定下。猜想无论哪种方式它都运行良好。
所以你真正的问题是关于如何跟踪当前的绘图样式，然后为此创建一个特定的圆圈。只需设置一个全局，然后使用 if-then。
编辑： 是的，您需要像这里的答案那样做一些事情，Python Turtle screen.onkey() to print out keysymbols, and figure out which is required. Then type that into your script. Combos would look like this, Tkinter keybinding for Control-Shift-Tab
#! /usr/bin/env python3
from sys import exit
from turtle import *
from math import sqrt, cos, radians
current = None
def tria():
global current ; current = 'tria'
speed(6)
seth(180)
fd(radius*sqrt(3))
lt(120)
fd(radius *sqrt(3))
lt(120)
fd(radius * sqrt(3))
seth(120)
def rect():
global current ; current = 'rect'
speed(6)
seth(0)
fd(radius * sqrt(2))
rt(90)
fd(radius * sqrt(2))
rt(90)
fd(radius * sqrt(2))
rt(90)
fd(radius * sqrt(2))
seth(0)
def penta():
global current ; current = 'penta'
speed(6)
seth(-36)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
rt(72)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
rt(72)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
rt(72)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
rt(72)
fd(cos(radians(54))*radius*2)
seth(180)
def hexa():
global current ; current = 'hexa'
speed(6)
seth(-30)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
rt(60)
fd(radius)
seth(180)
def one():
global current ; current = 'one'
speed(6)
seth(225)
circle(radius)
seth(0)
def outercircle():
if current == 'tria':
seth(120)
speed(6)
circle(radius)
seth(0)
if current == 'rect':
seth(224)
speed(6)
circle(radius *1.01)
seth(0)
else:
speed(6)
circle(radius)
seth(0)
def test( event ): ## print keysymbols, so you can see which to use
print('test event:', event)
print('test keysym:', event.keysym)
print('test state:', event.state)
print('test Ctrl :', bool(event.state & 4))
print('test Shift:', bool(event.state & 1))
print('test Alt :', bool(event.state & 8))
print('---')
radius = float(input("Write the radius "))
screen = getscreen()
canvas = screen.getcanvas() ## get the raw tkinter canvas
shape('turtle')
speed(6)
screen.listen()
screen.onkeypress(reset,"r")
screen.onkeypress(exit,"q")
screen.onkeypress(tria,"3")
screen.onkeypress(rect,'4')
screen.onkeypress(penta,'5')
screen.onkeypress(hexa,'6')
screen.onkeypress(one,'o')
screen.onkeypress(outercircle,'c')
canvas.bind( '<KeyPress>', test ) ## bind any unbound keys to the test() function
screen.mainloop()