如何通过'@solana/web3.js'传输自定义令牌

Question

我想使用 solana web3.js 发送除 sol 之外的已部署令牌，但我不知道如何发送。官方文档找了好久，没找到。如果您有这方面的任何信息，能否请您告诉我？谢谢

Answer 1

您需要确保为令牌程序安装 npm 绑定，您可以从下面的导入中看到

import * as web3 from "@solana/web3.js";
import * as splToken from "@solana/spl-token";

// Address: 9vpsmXhZYMpvhCKiVoX5U8b1iKpfwJaFpPEEXF7hRm9N
const DEMO_WALLET_SECRET_KEY = new Uint8Array([
  37, 21, 197, 185, 105, 201, 212, 148, 164, 108, 251, 159, 174, 252, 43, 246,
  225, 156, 38, 203, 99, 42, 244, 73, 252, 143, 34, 239, 15, 222, 217, 91, 132,
  167, 105, 60, 17, 211, 120, 243, 197, 99, 113, 34, 76, 127, 190, 18, 91, 246,
  121, 93, 189, 55, 165, 129, 196, 104, 25, 157, 209, 168, 165, 149,
]);
(async () => {
  // Connect to cluster
  var connection = new web3.Connection(web3.clusterApiUrl("devnet"));
  // Construct wallet keypairs
  var fromWallet = web3.Keypair.fromSecretKey(DEMO_WALLET_SECRET_KEY);
  var toWallet = web3.Keypair.generate();
  // Construct my token class
  var myMint = new web3.PublicKey("My Mint Public Address");
  var myToken = new splToken.Token(
    connection,
    myMint,
    splToken.TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
    fromWallet
  );
  // Create associated token accounts for my token if they don't exist yet
  var fromTokenAccount = await myToken.getOrCreateAssociatedAccountInfo(
    fromWallet.publicKey
  )
  var toTokenAccount = await myToken.getOrCreateAssociatedAccountInfo(
    toWallet.publicKey
  )
  // Add token transfer instructions to transaction
  var transaction = new web3.Transaction()
    .add(
      splToken.Token.createTransferInstruction(
        splToken.TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
        fromTokenAccount.address,
        toTokenAccount.address,
        fromWallet.publicKey,
        [],
        0
      )
    );
  // Sign transaction, broadcast, and confirm
  var signature = await web3.sendAndConfirmTransaction(
    connection,
    transaction,
    [fromWallet]
  );
  console.log("SIGNATURE", signature);
  console.log("SUCCESS");
})();

Answer 2

现有答案的问题在于，它们只向您展示了如何首先创建一个新的自定义令牌，然后执行从一个钱包到另一个钱包的转移。在这里，我将展示如何使用现有的自定义令牌执行此操作。

import { Token, TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID } from "@solana/spl-token";
import { web3, Wallet } from "@project-serum/anchor";

async function transfer(tokenMintAddress: string, wallet: Wallet, to: string, connection: web3.Connection, amount: number) {
  const mintPublicKey = new web3.PublicKey(tokenMintAddress);    
  const mintToken = new Token(
    connection,
    mintPublicKey,
    TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
    wallet.payer // the wallet owner will pay to transfer and to create recipients associated token account if it does not yet exist.
  );
        
  const fromTokenAccount = await mintToken.getOrCreateAssociatedAccountInfo(
    wallet.publicKey
  );

  const destPublicKey = new web3.PublicKey(to);

  // Get the derived address of the destination wallet which will hold the custom token
  const associatedDestinationTokenAddr = await Token.getAssociatedTokenAddress(
    mintToken.associatedProgramId,
    mintToken.programId,
    mintPublicKey,
    destPublicKey
  );

  const receiverAccount = await connection.getAccountInfo(associatedDestinationTokenAddr);
        
  const instructions: web3.TransactionInstruction[] = [];  

  if (receiverAccount === null) {

    instructions.push(
      Token.createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction(
        mintToken.associatedProgramId,
        mintToken.programId,
        mintPublicKey,
        associatedDestinationTokenAddr,
        destPublicKey,
        wallet.publicKey
      )
    )

  }
  
  instructions.push(
    Token.createTransferInstruction(
      TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
      fromTokenAccount.address,
      associatedDestinationTokenAddr,
      wallet.publicKey,
      [],
      amount
    )
  );

  const transaction = new web3.Transaction().add(...instructions);
  transaction.feePayer = wallet.publicKey;
  transaction.recentBlockhash = (await connection.getRecentBlockhash()).blockhash;
  
  const transactionSignature = await connection.sendRawTransaction(
    transaction.serialize(),
    { skipPreflight: true }
  );

  await connection.confirmTransaction(transactionSignature);
}

请注意我们如何添加用于创建收件人自定义令牌帐户的说明（如果他们没有的话）。

Answer 3

@Ozymandias 回答的小更新，spl-token 库中似乎没有什么变化。首先 Token 不存在了。并且 Token.getAssociatedTokenAddress 等少数功能似乎也被删除了。这是更新后的代码：

 

    import * as splToken from "@solana/spl-token";
    import { web3, Wallet } from "@project-serum/anchor";
               
    async function transfer(tokenMintAddress: string, wallet: Wallet, to: string, connection: web3.Connection, amount: number) {
            
                 const mintPublicKey = new web3.PublicKey(tokenMintAddress);  
                 const {TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID} = splToken
                
                 const fromTokenAccount = await splToken.getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount(
                    connection,
                    wallet.payer,
                    mintPublicKey,
                    wallet.publicKey
                  );
                
                  const destPublicKey = new web3.PublicKey(to);
                
                  // Get the derived address of the destination wallet which will hold the custom token
                  const associatedDestinationTokenAddr = await splToken.getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount(
                    connection,
                    wallet.payer,
                    mintPublicKey,
                    destPublicKey
                  );
                 
                
                  const receiverAccount = await connection.getAccountInfo(associatedDestinationTokenAddr.address);
                        
                  const instructions: web3.TransactionInstruction[] = [];  
                
                  
                  instructions.push(
                    splToken.createTransferInstruction(
                      fromTokenAccount.address,
                      associatedDestinationTokenAddr.address,
                      wallet.publicKey,
                      amount,
                      [],
                      TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID
                    )
                  );
                
                  const transaction = new web3.Transaction().add(...instructions);
                  transaction.feePayer = wallet.publicKey;
                  transaction.recentBlockhash = (await connection.getRecentBlockhash()).blockhash;
                  
                  const transactionSignature = await connection.sendRawTransaction(
                    transaction.serialize(),
                    { skipPreflight: true }
                  );
                
                  await connection.confirmTransaction(transactionSignature);
                }

如何通过'@solana/web3.js'传输自定义令牌

How to transfer custom token by '@solana/web3.js'

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