使用字符串替换在 bash 中声明变量名称（不是值）

Question

我有一组变量，如果在我稍后阅读的数组中找到匹配项，我需要在循环中修改其值。数组元素是变量名的子字符串，所以我想写一个通用的 for 循环，它会即时修改变量值，尝试在变量名中进行字符串替换，但这不起作用。这是代码：

CUT_APPLE=false
CUT_GUAVA=false
CUT_MANGO=false

AVAILABLE_FRUITS=("APPLE" "GUAVA")

for i in "${AVAILABLE_FRUITS[@]}"; do
CUT_$i=true
done
**CUT_APPLE=true: command not found**                               
**CUT_GUAVA=true: command not found**

有什么方法可以使变量名声明中的插值起作用吗？

Answer 1

如果您的 Bash 版本大于 4，它支持关联数组，这使得检查布尔键是否存在变得容易：

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# Associative array to store keys of available fruits
declare -A cut_fruit=()

declare -a available_fruits=('APPLE' 'GUAVA' 'RED BANANA')

for fruit in "${available_fruits[@]}"; do
  # Create key for fruit in Associative array if available
  # shellcheck disable=SC2034 # cut_fruit is indeed used
  cut_fruit[$fruit]=
done

# Check if cut fruit is available by checking key existence
for fruit in 'APPLE' 'BANANA' 'RED BANANA' 'MANGO'; do
  if [[ -v cut_fruit[$fruit] ]]; then
    printf 'Cut %s is available.\n' "$fruit"
  else
    printf 'There is no cut %s.\n' "$fruit"
  fi
done

示例输出：

Cut APPLE is available.
There is no cut BANANA.
Cut RED BANANA is available.
There is no cut MANGO.

这是一个使用关联数组键和布尔检查来玩的小游戏：

#!/usr/bin/env bash

print_basket() {
  # Print remaining keys (content of basket)
  for fruit in "${!basket[@]}"; do
    printf '%d %s\n' "${basket[$fruit]}" "${fruit,,}"
  done
}

cat <<'EOF'
--:{# Guess the fruits in my basket #}:--
EOF

declare -a all_fruits=(
  'apple' 'banana' 'cherry' 'lemon' 'mango'
  'orange' 'peach' 'plum' 'red banana' 'sweat chestnut')
# Number of fruits in the basked
selection_size=3

declare -a fruits_selection
mapfile -t fruits_selection < <(
  # Shuffle a selection of fruits
  printf '%s\n' "${all_fruits[@]}" | shuf -n "$selection_size"
)

declare -A basket
# Set selected fruits into basked
for fruit in "${fruits_selection[@]}"; do
  # Uppercase the key for case insensitive match later
  basket[${fruit^^}]=$((RANDOM % 9 + 1))
done

# Cheating
declare -p basket

max_tries=3
tries_left=$max_tries
guessed=0
while [ $guessed -lt $selection_size ] && [ $tries_left -gt 0 ]; do
  printf 'Enter the name of a fruit: '
  read -r fruit
  # Uppercase fruit for case insensitive match
  fruit="${fruit^^}"
  if [[ -v basket[$fruit] ]]; then
    printf 'Yes, there is %d %s in my basket!\n' \
      "${basket[$fruit]}" "${fruit,,}"
    guessed=$((guessed + 1))
    # Remove fruit from basket
    unset "basket[$fruit]"
  else
    tries_left=$((tries_left - 1))
    printf 'No, there is no %s in my basket!\nTries left: %d\n' \
      "${fruit,,}" "$tries_left"
  fi
done

case $guessed in
  "$selection_size")
    printf '* * * Congratulations, you guessed all fruilts! * * *\n'
    ;;
  0)
    printf 'Sorry you could not guess any of the fruits!\nBasket contained:\n'
    print_basket
    ;;
  *)
    printf 'Nice! You guessed %d fruits out of %s!\nUnguessed fruits:\n' \
      "$guessed" "$selection_size"
    print_basket
    ;;
esac

使用字符串替换在 bash 中声明变量名称（不是值）

Declaring a variable name (not value) in bash with string substitution

variables

bash

string-interpolation