R [Shiny]：尝试输出反应模型摘要时出错

Question

我最近一直在使用 gapminder 数据集探索 shiny 和 shinydashboard，并遇到了我的最新问题，试图输出使用基于用户选择的响应变量和预测变量创建的反应模型的摘要。目的是同时输出 3 个模型（基数、对数和逆）的 EDA 图和摘要，这就是 var_EDA_plots() 有点乱的原因。返回的错误是：

# Error: argument 1 (type 'list') cannot be handled by 'cat'

与简单线性回归建模相关的代码是：

UI

 # LM Page Content
tabItem(tabName = "lm",
h2("Simple Linear Regression"),
h3(wellPanel(fluidRow(
    column(2,"Response Variable:"), 
        column(2, selectInput("response", "", colnames(data)[4:6], 
            multiple = FALSE, selected = "lifeExp")),
        column(2, "Predictor Variable: "),
        column(2, selectInput("predictor", "", colnames(data)[4:6],
            multiple = FALSE, selected = "gdpPercap"))))
        ),
                                    
        tabsetPanel(type = "tabs",
        tabPanel("Plot", 
            splitLayout(
                plotOutput("EDAplotBase"),
                plotOutput("EDAplotLog"),
                plotOutput("EDAplotInv"))),
        tabPanel("Summary", verbatimTextOutput("base.lm")),
        tabPanel("Table", tableOutput("EDAtable"))
        ))

服务器

# LINEAR MODELLING ----

# Format Predictor and Response col names
var_EDA_plots <- reactive({
    str_col_predictor <- as.character(input$predictor)
    str_col_response <- as.character(input$response)
    transformed_data <- data %>% select(str_col_response, str_col_predictor, continent, country, year)
    transformed_data$predictor_base <- unlist(transformed_data[2])
    transformed_data$predictor_log <- unlist(log(transformed_data[2]))
    transformed_data$predictor_inv <- unlist(1/transformed_data[2])
    transformed_data$response <- unlist(transformed_data[1])
    transformed_data %>% select(continent, country, year, response, predictor_base, predictor_log, predictor_inv)
})

# Build linear models reactively
var_lm_base <- reactive({
    fml <- as.formula("response ~ predictor_base")
    lm(fml, data = var_EDA_plots())
})

# Base LM Model
output$base.lm <- renderText({
    summary(var_lm_base())
})

output$EDAtable <- renderTable({var_EDA_plots()})

下面我将粘贴闪亮仪表板的完整代码，如果它更容易整体调试和测试（线性建模部分在服务器底部）：

library(shiny)
library(tidyverse)
library(shinydashboard)
library(gapminder)

# LOAD DATA ----
data <- gapminder %>% as_tibble() %>% arrange(country, year)

# LINEAR MODELLING ----
set.seed(117)
train <- data %>% slice_sample(prop = 0.8)
test <- data %>% slice_sample(prop = 0.2)

# UI ----
ui <- dashboardPage(
                    dashboardHeader(title = "Gapminder Dashboard"),
                    dashboardSidebar(
                        sidebarMenu(id = "tabs",
                                    menuItem("Dashboard", tabName = "dashboard", icon = icon("dashboard"),
                                             menuSubItem("Life Expectancy", tabName = "life"),
                                             menuSubItem("GDP Per Capita", tabName = "gdp")),
                                    menuItem("Linear Modelling", icon = icon("th"), tabName = "lm", badgeLabel = "new", badgeColor = "green"),
                                    fluidPage(
                                        selectInput("dateStart", "Start date:", distinct(data, year),
                                                    multiple = FALSE, selected = 1952),
                                        selectInput("dateEnd", "End date:", distinct(data, year),
                                                    multiple = FALSE, selected = 2007),
                                        selectInput("country1", "Select primary country:", distinct(data, country),
                                                    multiple = FALSE, selected = "Australia"),
                                        selectInput("country2", "Select secondary country:", distinct(data, country),
                                                    multiple = FALSE, selected = "Greece")
                                    ))),
                    dashboardBody(
                        tabItems(
                            
                            # Life Expectancy Page Content
                            tabItem(tabName = "life",
                                    # Top 5 KPIs
                                    splitLayout(
                                        valueBoxOutput("kpi.top5.life1", width = NULL),
                                        valueBoxOutput("kpi.top5.life2", width = NULL),
                                        valueBoxOutput("kpi.top5.life3", width = NULL),
                                        valueBoxOutput("kpi.top5.life4", width = NULL),
                                        valueBoxOutput("kpi.top5.life5", width = NULL)
                                    ),
                                    
                                    # Life Expectancy Histogram
                                    fluidPage(
                                        plotOutput("histLifeExp")
                                    ),
                                    
                                    # Life Expectancy & Population Plots
                                    splitLayout(
                                        plotOutput("lineplotLife"),
                                        plotOutput("lineplotPopn")
                                    ),
                                    
                                    # Bottom 5 KPIs
                                    splitLayout(
                                        valueBoxOutput("kpi.btm5.life1", width = NULL),
                                        valueBoxOutput("kpi.btm5.life2", width = NULL),
                                        valueBoxOutput("kpi.btm5.life3", width = NULL),
                                        valueBoxOutput("kpi.btm5.life4", width = NULL),
                                        valueBoxOutput("kpi.btm5.life5", width = NULL)
                                    )),
                            
                            # GDP Page Content
                            tabItem(tabName = "gdp",
                                    # Top 5 KPIs
                                    splitLayout(
                                        valueBoxOutput("kpi.top5.gdp1", width = NULL),
                                        valueBoxOutput("kpi.top5.gdp2", width = NULL),
                                        valueBoxOutput("kpi.top5.gdp3", width = NULL),
                                        valueBoxOutput("kpi.top5.gdp4", width = NULL),
                                        valueBoxOutput("kpi.top5.gdp5", width = NULL)
                                    ),
                                    
                                    # GDP Histogram
                                    fluidPage(
                                        plotOutput("histGDP")
                                    ),
                                    
                                    # GDP & Population Plots
                                    splitLayout(
                                        plotOutput("lineplotgdp"),
                                        plotOutput("lineplotPopn2")
                                    ),
                                    
                                    # Bottom 5 KPIs
                                    splitLayout(
                                        valueBoxOutput("kpi.btm5.gdp1", width = NULL),
                                        valueBoxOutput("kpi.btm5.gdp2", width = NULL),
                                        valueBoxOutput("kpi.btm5.gdp3", width = NULL),
                                        valueBoxOutput("kpi.btm5.gdp4", width = NULL),
                                        valueBoxOutput("kpi.btm5.gdp5", width = NULL)
                                    )),
                            
                            # LM Page Content
                            tabItem(tabName = "lm",
                                    h2("Simple Linear Regression"),
                                    h3(wellPanel(fluidRow(
                                        column(2,"Response Variable:"), 
                                        column(2, selectInput("response", "", colnames(data)[4:6], 
                                                              multiple = FALSE, selected = "lifeExp")),
                                        column(2, "Predictor Variable: "),
                                        column(2, selectInput("predictor", "", colnames(data)[4:6],
                                                              multiple = FALSE, selected = "gdpPercap"))))
                                    ),
                                    
                                    tabsetPanel(type = "tabs",
                                        tabPanel("Plot", 
                                                 splitLayout(
                                                     plotOutput("EDAplotBase"),
                                                     plotOutput("EDAplotLog"),
                                                     plotOutput("EDAplotInv"))),
                                        tabPanel("Summary", verbatimTextOutput("base.lm")),
                                        tabPanel("Table", tableOutput("EDAtable"))
                                    ))
                            
                        )
                    )
)

# SERVER ----
server <- function(input, output) {
    
    # REACTIVE DATA FILTERING ----
    
    # Top 5 Life Exp KPIs - date filtering
    var_maxDate_kpi_top5_life <- reactive({
        val <- as.integer(input$dateEnd)
        data %>% filter(year == val) %>% slice_max(n = 5, order_by = lifeExp)
    })
    
    # Bottom 5 Life Exp KPIs - date filtering
    var_maxDate_kpi_btm5_life <- reactive({
        val <- as.integer(input$dateEnd)
        data %>% filter(year == val) %>% slice_min(n = 5, order_by = lifeExp)
    })
    
    # Top 5 GDP KPIs - date filtering
    var_maxDate_kpi_top5_gdp <- reactive({
        val <- as.integer(input$dateEnd)
        data %>% filter(year == val) %>% slice_max(n = 5, order_by = gdpPercap)
    })
    
    # Bottom 5 GDP KPIs - date filtering
    var_maxDate_kpi_btm5_gdp <- reactive({
        val <- as.integer(input$dateEnd)
        data %>% filter(year == val) %>% slice_min(n = 5, order_by = gdpPercap)
    })
    
    # General Life Expectancy Reactive Filtering
    var_date_and_country <- reactive({
        startVal <- as.integer(input$dateStart)
        endVal <- as.integer(input$dateEnd)
        country1 <- as.character(input$country1)
        country2 <- as.character(input$country2)
        
        data %>% filter(year >= startVal & year <= endVal & country %in% c(country1, country2))
    })
    
    # LIFE EXPECTANCY ----
    
    # Value Boxes - Top 5 KPIs | Life Expectancy
    output$kpi.top5.life1 <- renderValueBox({
        valueBox(paste(round(var_maxDate_kpi_top5_life()$lifeExp[1],1), "years"),
                 paste(var_maxDate_kpi_top5_life()$country[1], " (", input$dateEnd, ")", sep = ""), icon = icon("heart"), color = "green")
    })
    
    output$kpi.top5.life2 <- renderValueBox({
        valueBox(paste(round(var_maxDate_kpi_top5_life()$lifeExp[2],1), "years"),
                 paste(var_maxDate_kpi_top5_life()$country[2], " (", input$dateEnd, ")", sep = ""), icon = icon("heart"), color = "green")
    })
    
    output$kpi.top5.life3 <- renderValueBox({
        valueBox(paste(round(var_maxDate_kpi_top5_life()$lifeExp[3],1), "years"),
                 paste(var_maxDate_kpi_top5_life()$country[3], " (", input$dateEnd, ")", sep = ""), icon = icon("heart"), color = "green")
    })
    
    output$kpi.top5.life4 <- renderValueBox({
        valueBox(paste(round(var_maxDate_kpi_top5_life()$lifeExp[4],1), "years"),
                 paste(var_maxDate_kpi_top5_life()$country[4], " (", input$dateEnd, ")", sep = ""), icon = icon("heart"), color = "green")
    })
    
    output$kpi.top5.life5 <- renderValueBox({
        valueBox(paste(round(var_maxDate_kpi_top5_life()$lifeExp[5],1), "years"),
                 paste(var_maxDate_kpi_top5_life()$country[5], " (", input$dateEnd, ")", sep = ""), icon = icon("heart"), color = "green")
    })
    
    # GGPLOT - Life Expectancy
    output$lineplotLife <- renderPlot({
        ggplot(var_date_and_country(), aes(x = year, y = lifeExp, color = country)) +
            geom_line(lwd = 1.5) +
            theme_grey() +
            labs(x = "Year",
                 y = "Life Expectancy",
                 title = paste("Life Expectancy Trend over time (", input$country1, " v ", input$country2, ")", sep = ""))
    })
    
    output$lineplotPopn <- renderPlot({
        ggplot(var_date_and_country(), aes(x = year, y = (pop/10^6), color = country)) +
            geom_line(lwd = 1.5) +
            theme_grey() +
            labs(x = "Year",
                 y = "Population (Millions)",
                 title = paste("Country Population in millions over time (", input$country1, " v ", input$country2, ")", sep = ""))
    })
    
    output$histLifeExp <- renderPlot({
        ggplot(data, aes(x = lifeExp, color = continent, fill = continent)) +
            geom_histogram() +
            theme_grey() +
            labs(x = "Life Expectancy",
                 y = "Frequency",
                 title = "Life Expectancy distribution by Continent")
    })
    
    # Value Boxes - Bottom 5 KPIs | Life Expectancy
    output$kpi.btm5.life1 <- renderValueBox({
        valueBox(paste(round(var_maxDate_kpi_btm5_life()$lifeExp[1],1), "years"),
                 paste(var_maxDate_kpi_btm5_life()$country[1], " (", input$dateEnd, ")", sep = ""), icon = icon("heart"), color = "red")
    })
    
    output$kpi.btm5.life2 <- renderValueBox({
        valueBox(paste(round(var_maxDate_kpi_btm5_life()$lifeExp[2],1), "years"),
                 paste(var_maxDate_kpi_btm5_life()$country[2], " (", input$dateEnd, ")", sep = ""), icon = icon("heart"), color = "red")
    })
    
    output$kpi.btm5.life3 <- renderValueBox({
        valueBox(paste(round(var_maxDate_kpi_btm5_life()$lifeExp[3],1), "years"),
                 paste(var_maxDate_kpi_btm5_life()$country[3], " (", input$dateEnd, ")", sep = ""), icon = icon("heart"), color = "red")
    })
    
    output$kpi.btm5.life4 <- renderValueBox({
        valueBox(paste(round(var_maxDate_kpi_btm5_life()$lifeExp[4],1), "years"),
                 paste(var_maxDate_kpi_btm5_life()$country[4], " (", input$dateEnd, ")", sep = ""), icon = icon("heart"), color = "red")
    })
    
    output$kpi.btm5.life5 <- renderValueBox({
        valueBox(paste(round(var_maxDate_kpi_btm5_life()$lifeExp[5],1), "years"),
                 paste(var_maxDate_kpi_btm5_life()$country[5], " (", input$dateEnd, ")", sep = ""), icon = icon("heart"), color = "red")
    })
    
    # GDP PER CAPITA ----
    
    # Value Boxes - Top 5 KPIs | GDP Per Capita
    output$kpi.top5.gdp1 <- renderValueBox({
        valueBox(paste("$", round(var_maxDate_kpi_top5_gdp()$gdpPercap[1]/1000,1), "k"),
                 paste(var_maxDate_kpi_top5_gdp()$country[1], " (", input$dateEnd, ")", sep = ""), icon = icon("dollar-sign"), color = "green")
    })
    
    output$kpi.top5.gdp2 <- renderValueBox({
        valueBox(paste("$", round(var_maxDate_kpi_top5_gdp()$gdpPercap[2]/1000,1), "k"),
                 paste(var_maxDate_kpi_top5_gdp()$country[2], " (", input$dateEnd, ")", sep = ""), icon = icon("dollar-sign"), color = "green")
    })
    
    output$kpi.top5.gdp3 <- renderValueBox({
        valueBox(paste("$", round(var_maxDate_kpi_top5_gdp()$gdpPercap[3]/1000,1), "k"),
                 paste(var_maxDate_kpi_top5_gdp()$country[3], " (", input$dateEnd, ")", sep = ""), icon = icon("dollar-sign"), color = "green")
    })
    
    output$kpi.top5.gdp4 <- renderValueBox({
        valueBox(paste("$", round(var_maxDate_kpi_top5_gdp()$gdpPercap[4]/1000,1), "k"),
                 paste(var_maxDate_kpi_top5_gdp()$country[4], " (", input$dateEnd, ")", sep = ""), icon = icon("dollar-sign"), color = "green")
    })
    
    output$kpi.top5.gdp5 <- renderValueBox({
        valueBox(paste("$", round(var_maxDate_kpi_top5_gdp()$gdpPercap[5]/1000,1), "k"),
                 paste(var_maxDate_kpi_top5_gdp()$country[5], " (", input$dateEnd, ")", sep = ""), icon = icon("dollar-sign"), color = "green")
    })
    
    # GGPLOT - GDP Per Capita
    output$lineplotgdp <- renderPlot({
        ggplot(var_date_and_country(), aes(x = year, y = gdpPercap/1000, color = country)) +
            geom_line(lwd = 1.5) +
            theme_grey() +
            labs(x = "Year",
                 y = "GDP Per Capita (000's)",
                 title = paste("GDP Per Capita Trend over time (", input$country1, " v ", input$country2, ")", sep = ""))
    })
    
    output$lineplotPopn2 <- renderPlot({
        ggplot(var_date_and_country(), aes(x = year, y = (pop/10^6), color = country)) +
            geom_line(lwd = 1.5) +
            theme_grey() +
            labs(x = "Year",
                 y = "Population (Millions)",
                 title = paste("Country Population in millions over time (", input$country1, " v ", input$country2, ")", sep = ""))
    })
    
    output$histGDP <- renderPlot({
        ggplot(data, aes(x = gdpPercap, color = continent, fill = continent)) +
            geom_histogram() +
            theme_grey() +
            labs(x = "GDP Per Capita",
                 y = "Frequency",
                 title = "GDP Per Capita distribution by Continent")
    })
    
    # Value Boxes - Bottom 5 KPIs | GDP Per Capita
    output$kpi.btm5.gdp1 <- renderValueBox({
        valueBox(paste("$", round(var_maxDate_kpi_btm5_gdp()$gdpPercap[1]/1000,1), "k"),
                 paste(var_maxDate_kpi_btm5_gdp()$country[1], " (", input$dateEnd, ")", sep = ""), icon = icon("dollar-sign"), color = "red")
    })
    
    output$kpi.btm5.gdp2 <- renderValueBox({
        valueBox(paste("$", round(var_maxDate_kpi_btm5_gdp()$gdpPercap[2]/1000,1), "k"),
                 paste(var_maxDate_kpi_btm5_gdp()$country[2], " (", input$dateEnd, ")", sep = ""), icon = icon("dollar-sign"), color = "red")
    })
    
    output$kpi.btm5.gdp3 <- renderValueBox({
        valueBox(paste("$", round(var_maxDate_kpi_btm5_gdp()$gdpPercap[3]/1000,1), "k"),
                 paste(var_maxDate_kpi_btm5_gdp()$country[3], " (", input$dateEnd, ")", sep = ""), icon = icon("dollar-sign"), color = "red")
    })
    
    output$kpi.btm5.gdp4 <- renderValueBox({
        valueBox(paste("$", round(var_maxDate_kpi_btm5_gdp()$gdpPercap[4]/1000,1), "k"),
                 paste(var_maxDate_kpi_btm5_gdp()$country[4], " (", input$dateEnd, ")", sep = ""), icon = icon("dollar-sign"), color = "red")
    })
    
    output$kpi.btm5.gdp5 <- renderValueBox({
        valueBox(paste("$", round(var_maxDate_kpi_btm5_gdp()$gdpPercap[5]/1000,1), "k"),
                 paste(var_maxDate_kpi_btm5_gdp()$country[5], " (", input$dateEnd, ")", sep = ""), icon = icon("dollar-sign"), color = "red")
    })
    
    # LINEAR MODELLING ----
    
    # Format Predictor and Response col names
    var_EDA_plots <- reactive({
        str_col_predictor <- as.character(input$predictor)
        str_col_response <- as.character(input$response)
        transformed_data <- data %>% select(str_col_response, str_col_predictor, continent, country, year)
        transformed_data$predictor_base <- unlist(transformed_data[2])
        transformed_data$predictor_log <- unlist(log(transformed_data[2]))
        transformed_data$predictor_inv <- unlist(1/transformed_data[2])
        transformed_data$response <- unlist(transformed_data[1])
        transformed_data %>% select(continent, country, year, response, predictor_base, predictor_log, predictor_inv)
    })
    
    # Build linear models reactively
    var_lm_base <- reactive({
        fml <- as.formula("response ~ predictor_base")
        lm(fml, data = var_EDA_plots())
    })
    
    # Base EDA Scatter plot
    output$EDAplotBase <- renderPlot({
        ggplot(var_EDA_plots(), aes(x = predictor_base, y = response)) +
            geom_point(aes(color = continent)) +
            geom_smooth(method = "lm", se = TRUE) +
            theme_grey() +
            labs(x = paste(input$predictor, "(Predictor)"),
                 y = paste(input$response, "(Response)"),
                 title = paste(input$predictor, "v", input$response))
    })
    
    # Log EDA Scatter plot
    output$EDAplotLog <- renderPlot({
        ggplot(var_EDA_plots(), aes(x = predictor_log, y = response)) +
            geom_point(aes(color = continent)) +
            geom_smooth(method = "lm", se = TRUE) +
            theme_grey() +
            labs(x = paste("log(", input$predictor, ") (Predictor)", sep = ""),
                 y = paste(input$response, "(Response)"),
                 title = paste("log(", input$predictor, ") v ", input$response, sep = ""))
    })
    
    # Inv EDA Scatter plot
    output$EDAplotInv <- renderPlot({
        ggplot(var_EDA_plots(), aes(x = predictor_inv, y = response)) +
            geom_point(aes(color = continent)) +
            geom_smooth(method = "lm", se = TRUE) +
            theme_grey() +
            labs(x = paste("1/", input$predictor, " (Predictor)", sep = ""),
                 y = paste(input$response, "(Response)"),
                 title = paste("1/", input$predictor, " v ", input$response, sep = ""))
    })
    
    # Base LM Model
    output$base.lm <- renderText({
        summary(var_lm_base())
    })
    
    output$EDAtable <- renderTable({var_EDA_plots()})
    
}

shinyApp(ui, server)

非常感谢任何帮助，谢谢:)

Answer 1

使用 renderPrint 进行摘要输出。

output$base.lm <- renderPrint({
    summary(var_lm_base())
  })

Answer 2

renderText() 无法处理列表。将 summary 与 lm 对象一起使用将导致长度为 11 的列表。修复它的最简单方法是将渲染函数更改为 renderPrint()。

# Base LM Model
output$base.lm <- renderPrint({
  summary(var_lm_base()) 
})

R [Shiny]：尝试输出反应模型摘要时出错

R [Shiny]: Error trying to output reactive model summary

r

shiny

shinydashboard

lm