如何使我的 Python 程序提供的功能可用于在同一台计算机或其他计算机上用其他语言运行编写的程序？

Question

我创建了一个用Python编写的系统，它提供了各种硬件控制、数据采集和处理功能。我希望这个系统可以从用 Python 或其他语言编写的程序访问，例如 Lua、Matlab、Octave、C++ 和可能的其他语言。此外，这些程序可能运行在该计算机上或在通过网络连接的另一台计算机上。

我知道 Python 的各种 RPC 库的存在，比如

https://pypi.org/project/simple-rpc/（不提供与多种语言的简单接口）
Ice https://zeroc.com/products/ice（对于我的简单应用来说太大了）

是否有任何简单轻量级的解决方案可以从其他语言编写的程序中远程调用 Python 函数？

Answer 1

我在 2012 年开发了一个类似的系统，其中 Python 函数的参数和返回值是通过 MessagePack 传递的。这样的解决方案可以与以各种语言编写的程序进行通信。它发布在 Usenet alt.sources 组 https://groups.google.com/g/alt.sources/c/QasPxJkKIUs (also available in funet archive http://ftp.funet.fi/pub/archive/alt.sources/2722.gz 中）。现在，我用 ZeroMQ 库对其进行了补充，该库提供了与同一台计算机或远程计算机上的程序运行的高效通信。

系统的核心是Python写的服务器：

#!/usr/bin/python3
"""
   The code below implements a simple ZeroMQ and MessagePack RPC server.
   Written by Wojciech M. Zabolotny, wzab<at>ise.pw.edu.pl or wzab01<at>gmail.com
   13.04.2021

   The code is based on a post: "Simple object based RPC for Python",
   https://groups.google.com/g/alt.sources/c/QasPxJkKIUs/m/An1JnLooNCcJ
   https://www.funet.fi/pub/archive/alt.sources/2722.gz

   This code is published as PUBLIC DOMAIN  or under 
   Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal license (whichever better suits your needs).
"""
import time
import zmq

import msgpack as mp
import traceback
import os

#Functions which process requests
def remote_mult(a,b):
    return a*b

def remote_div(a,b):
    print(a,b,a/b)
    return a/b

def cat_file(fname):
    f=open(fname,"rb")
    return f.read()

#Table of functions
func={
  'mult':remote_mult,
  'div':remote_div,
  'file':cat_file,
}


def handle(msg):
    try:
        obj = mp.unpackb(msg)
        if len(obj) != 2:
            raise Exception("Wrong number of RPC objects, should be 2: name and arguments")
        if isinstance(obj[1],tuple) or isinstance(obj[1],list):
            res=func[obj[0]](*obj[1])
        elif isinstance(obj[1],dict):
            res=func[obj[0]](**obj[1])
        else:
            raise Exception("Wrong type of arguments in RPC, should be list, tuple or dictionary")
        res = ("OK", res)
    except Exception:
        res=("error", traceback.format_exc())
    return mp.packb(res)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    context = zmq.Context()
    socket = context.socket(zmq.REP)
    # Create the server, binding to localhost on port 9999
    socket.bind("tcp://*:9999")
    while True:
        msg = socket.recv()
        res = handle(msg)
        socket.send(res)

服务器可能发布具有不同参数的不同函数。参数可以作为位置参数（然后它们应该在元组中传递）或作为关键字参数（然后它们应该作为 map/dictionary 传递）给出。

下面给出了 Python 客户端使用这些函数的示例：

#!/usr/bin/python3
"""
   The code below implements a simple ZeroMQ and MessagePack RPC client.
   Written by Wojciech M. Zabolotny, wzab<at>ise.pw.edu.pl or wzab01<at>gmail.com
   13.04.2021

   The code is based on a post: "Simple object based RPC for Python",
   https://groups.google.com/g/alt.sources/c/QasPxJkKIUs/m/An1JnLooNCcJ
   https://www.funet.fi/pub/archive/alt.sources/2722.gz

   This code is published as PUBLIC DOMAIN  or under 
   Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal license (whichever better suits your needs).
"""
import socket
import sys
import msgpack as p
import zmq

HOST, PORT = "localhost", 9999
data = " ".join(sys.argv[1:])
objects=[
    ["mult",(4,5)],
    ["mult",{"a":7,"b":8}],
    ["div",{"a":9,"b":4}],
    ["file",("/etc/passwd",)],
    ["file",("/etc/non_existing_file",)],
]


context = zmq.Context()

socket = context.socket(zmq.REQ)
socket.connect("tcp://localhost:9999")    

for obj in objects:
    socket.send(p.packb(obj))
    #  Get the reply.
    msg = socket.recv()
    resp = p.unpackb(msg)
    print("Received reply", resp)

以下是用其他语言编写的客户端。

在Lua中：

-- Demonstrator of the communication with simple Python RPC server from Lua
-- Written by Wojciech M. Zabołotny (wzab01<at>gmail.com or wzab<at>ise.pw.edu.pl)
-- Copyright: This program is released into the public domain or under
-- Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal license (whichever better suits your needs).
local zmq = require "lzmq"
--require "utils"
local mp = require "mpack"
--print_version(zmq)
local pr = require "pl.pretty"
context  = assert(zmq.context())
rpcsrv = assert(context:socket (zmq.REQ))
assert(rpcsrv:connect("tcp://localhost:9999"))

function rpc(params)
    local req=mp.pack(test)
    rpcsrv:send(req)
    local rcv=rpcsrv:recv()
    local res=mp.unpack(rcv)
    return res  
end

test = {"file",{"/etc/passwd"}}
local res = rpc(test)
pr.dump(res)
test = {"mult",{7,8}}
res = rpc(test)
pr.dump(res)
test = {"div",{b=4.0,a=9.0}}
res = rpc(test)
pr.dump(res)
-- The above works, but 9/4 is printed as 2.
print(res[2])
test = {"div",{a=4.0,b=9.0}}
res = rpc(test)
pr.dump(res)
-- The above works, but 4/9 is printed as 0.
print(res[2])

八度

% Demonstrator of the communication with simple Python RPC server from Octave
% Written by Wojciech M. Zabołotny (wzab01<at>gmail.com or wzab<at>ise.pw.edu.pl)
% Copyright: This program is released into the public domain.
pkg load jsonlab
pkg load zeromq

srv = zmq_socket (ZMQ_REQ);
zmq_connect (srv, "tcp://localhost:9999");


function res = rpc(req,fname,fargs,maxlen=10000)
  x={fname, fargs};
  a=savemsgpack(x);
  zmq_send(req,a);
  w=zmq_recv(req,maxlen);
  y=loadmsgpack(char(w));
  if strcmp(char(y{1}),"OK")
     res = y{2};
  end
  if strcmp(char(y{1}),"error")
     error(char(y{2}));
  end
endfunction
  
res = rpc(srv,"mult",struct("a",13,"b",20));
res
res = rpc(srv,"mult",{17,3});
res
res = rpc(srv,"file",{"/etc/passwd"});
char(res')

最后在 C++ 中

// Demonstrator of the communication with simple Python RPC server from C++
// Written by Wojciech M. Zabołotny (wzab01<at>gmail.com or wzab<at>ise.pw.edu.pl)
// Copyright: This program is released into the public domain or under
// Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal license (whichever better suits your needs).
#include <string>
#include <zmq.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <msgpack.hpp>

msgpack::object_handle rpc(zmq::socket_t &sock, auto req)
{
   std::size_t offset = 0;
   std::stringstream rstr;
   msgpack::pack(rstr,req);
   zmq::message_t msg(rstr.str());
   sock.send(msg,zmq::send_flags::none);
   auto res = sock.recv(msg, zmq::recv_flags::none);
   auto oh = msgpack::unpack((const char *)msg.data(),msg.size(),offset);
   return oh;
}

int main(void) {
   zmq::context_t ctx;
   zmq::socket_t sock(ctx, zmq::socket_type::req);
   sock.connect("tcp://localhost:9999");
   msgpack::object_handle res;
   res = rpc(sock,std::tuple<std::string, std::array<int,2>>({"mult", {7, 8}}));
   std::cout << res.get() << std::endl;
   res = rpc(sock,std::tuple<std::string, std::map<std::string,int>>({"div", {{"a",8},{"b",7}}}));
   std::cout << res.get() << std::endl;
   res = rpc(sock,std::tuple<std::string, std::map<std::string,int>>({"div", {{"b",8},{"a",7}}}));
   std::cout << res.get() << std::endl;
   res = rpc(sock,std::tuple<std::string, std::tuple<std::string>>({ "file", {"/etc/passwd"}}));
   std::cout << res.get() << std::endl;
}

以上 C++ 代码必须使用 -fconcepts-ts 选项编译，例如如下所示：

c++ obj_rpc_cli.cc -o obj_rpc_cli -fconcepts-ts -g -lzmq -lmsgpackc

解决方案非常简单。 github 存储库中提供了维护版本：https://gitlab.com/WZab/python-versatile-rpc

如何使我的 Python 程序提供的功能可用于在同一台计算机或其他计算机上用其他语言运行编写的程序？

How can I make the functions provided by my Python program available to programs written in other languages running on the same or other computers?

c++

python

lua

rpc

octave

如何使我的 Python 程序提供的功能可用于在同一台计算机或其他计算机上用其他语言 运行 编写的程序？

How can I make the functions provided by my Python program available to programs written in other languages running on the same or other computers?

c++

python

lua

rpc

octave

如何使我的 Python 程序提供的功能可用于在同一台计算机或其他计算机上用其他语言运行编写的程序？