为什么当函数有装饰器时 getattr 不起作用

Why does getattr does not work when a function had a decorator

我有以下代码片段,它有两个方法 func_norule() 和 func_with_rule()。 func_with_rule() 方法用 @rule 装饰,而 func_norule() 没有任何装饰器。

当我使用 getattr 函数时 fn = getattr(self, 'func_norule') returns 函数 fn = getattr (self, 'func_with_rule') returns None.

使用装饰器与不使用装饰器时行为不同的原因是什么? 有解决此问题的方法吗?

class Student():
    def __init__(self, name, roll_no):
        self.name = name
        self.roll_no = roll_no
    
    ## Decorator function to decorate all the rules function
    def rule(func):
        print(func.__name__)
    
    def func_norule(self):
        #This method works with getattr
        print("func_norule:" + self.name)
    
    @rule
    def func_with_rule(self):
        #This method returns None  with getattr
        print("func_with_rule:" + self.name)
    
    def myFunc2(self):
        fn = getattr(self, 'func_norule')
        fn()
        fn = getattr(self, 'func_with_rule')
        fn()

student = Student('myName', 8)
student.myFunc2()

那是因为您没有在装饰器中绑定 self。您可以更改您的装饰器,以便将 self 参数传递给您的装饰方法:

class Student:
    # ...

    def rule(func):
        def _(self, *args, **kwargs):
            print("Before calling", func.__name__)
            result = func(self, *args, **kwargs)
            print("After calling", func.__name__)
            return result            

        return _

    # ...

    @rule
    def func_with_rule(self):
        #This method returns None  with getattr
        print("func_with_rule:" + self.name)

现在,当你这样做时

student = Student('myName', 8)
student.myFunc2()

产出

func_norule:myName
Before calling func_with_rule
func_with_rule:myName
After calling func_with_rule