在 C++ 中使用所有 32 位整数的算术溢出?

Arithmetic overflow using all 32-bit ints in C++?

这应该只是将 1 加到 unsigned int 上:prev = nums[nextIndex + 1]; 但它会发出警告说

Arithmetic overflow: Using operator '+' on a 4 byte value and then casting the result to a 8 byte value. Cast the value to the wider type before calling operator '+' to avoid overflow

但我没有使用任何 8 字节值,它们都是 32 位整数...为什么它为我将内容转换为 8 字节值?

我在 LeetCode 上做一些问题,所以这里是我正在做的问题的完整代码,只是旋转一个整数向量:

    void rotate(std::vector<int>& nums, int k) {
        k %= nums.size();
        if (k > 0) {
            unsigned int offsetCounter = 0; 
            int prev;
            int next = nums[0];
            for (unsigned int i = 0; i < nums.size(); i++) {


                int f = k * i;

                unsigned int nextIndex = ((unsigned int)((unsigned int)k * ((unsigned int)i + (unsigned int)1)) + (unsigned int)offsetCounter) % (unsigned int)nums.size();

                if (nextIndex == offsetCounter) {
                    offsetCounter++;
                    prev = nums[nextIndex + 1];
                }
                else
                {
                    prev = nums[nextIndex];
                }
                nums[nextIndex] = next;
                next = prev;
            }
        }
    }

nextIndex 也给出了同样的警告,唯一摆脱它的是将所有内容都转换为无符号整数。我不明白为什么它说我使用的是 8 字节值,而我绝对没有使用 8 字节值。我过去忽略过这样的警告,但 LeetCode 非常重视它们。谢谢。

矢量索引(和 std::vector::size())是 size_t,而不是 unsigned int,这就是您的问题所在。

要解决此问题,请将所有 unsigned int 变量声明为 size_t 并删除所有这些强制转换:

void rotate(std::vector<int>& nums, size_t k) {
    k %= nums.size();
    if (k > 0) {
        size_t offsetCounter = 0; 
        int prev;
        int next = nums[0];
        for (size_t i = 0; i < nums.size(); i++) {
            size_t nextIndex = (k * i + 1 + offsetCounter) % nums.size();

            if (nextIndex == offsetCounter) {
                offsetCounter++;
                prev = nums[nextIndex + 1];
            }
            else
            {
                prev = nums[nextIndex];
            }
            nums[nextIndex] = next;
            next = prev;
        }
    }
}

Live demo

operator[]std::vector 中定义为

constexpr reference operator[]( size_type pos );

加上几个类似的重载,都采用 std::vector 定义的 size_type 类型的参数。 Cppreference.com 关于这种类型的说法是这样的:

Unsigned integer type (usually std::size_t)

关于std::size_t的解释(部分):

std::size_t is commonly used for array indexing and loop counting. Programs that use other types, such as unsigned int, for array indexing may fail on, e.g. 64-bit systems when the index exceeds UINT_MAX or if it relies on 32-bit modular arithmetic.

When indexing C++ containers, such as std::string, std::vector, etc, the appropriate type is the member typedef size_type provided by such containers. It is usually defined as a synonym for std::size_t.

因此:std::vector 使用通常等同于 std::size_t 的类型进行索引,在您的计算机上它是一个 64 位无符号整数。

因此,如果您希望警告消失,您可以将 nextIndex 定义为 64 位无符号整数,例如

  • unsigned long nextIndex
  • size_t nextIndex;
  • std::vector<int>::size_type nextIndex;

或使用类型为 unsigned ling long:

的常量强制转换
prev = nums[nextIndex + 1ull];