为什么我在 Python 请求中收到响应 400？

Question

我想抓取 https://www.ketto.org/crowdfunding/fundraisers. I found one url https://nn2uorrizx-dsn.algolia.net/1/indexes/*/queries，我可以从中获取来自 post 请求的数据，但我得到的响应是 400 而不是 200。请帮我抓取数据！

这是我的代码：

    import requests

    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:90.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/90.0',
        'Accept': 'application/json',
        'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.5',
        'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
        'Origin': 'https://www.ketto.org',
        'Sec-Fetch-Dest': 'empty',
        'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'cors',
        'Sec-Fetch-Site': 'cross-site',
        'Referer': 'https://www.ketto.org/',
        'Connection': 'keep-alive',
    }

    params = (
        ('x-algolia-agent', 'Algolia for JavaScript (3.35.1); Browser (lite); angular (8.2.14); angular-instantsearch (3.0.0-beta.4); instantsearch.js (3.7.0); JS Helper (2.28.1)'),
        ('x-algolia-application-id', 'NN2UORRIZX'),
        ('x-algolia-api-key', 'b2caa1b0589e8db9398d5fe2a40bbaed'),
    )

    data = [
      ('{requests:[{indexName:fundraiser_prod,params:query', ''),
      ('hitsPerPage', '9'),
      ('hitsPerPage', '1'),
      ('hitsPerPage', '1'),
      ('hitsPerPage', '1'),
      ('maxValuesPerFacet', '10'),
      ('maxValuesPerFacet', '10'),
      ('maxValuesPerFacet', '10'),
      ('maxValuesPerFacet', '10'),
      ('page', '1'),
      ('page', '0'),
      ('page', '0'),
      ('page', '0'),
      ('highlightPreTag', '__ais-highlight__'),
      ('highlightPreTag', '__ais-highlight__'),
      ('highlightPreTag', '__ais-highlight__'),
      ('highlightPreTag', '__ais-highlight__'),
      ('highlightPostTag', '__/ais-highlight__'),
      ('highlightPostTag', '__/ais-highlight__'),
      ('highlightPostTag', '__/ais-highlight__'),
      ('highlightPostTag', '__/ais-highlight__'),
      ('facets', '["cause.label","tags","address"]'),
      ('facets', '["cause.label"]'),
      ('facets', '["tags"]'),
      ('facets', '["address"]'),
      ('tagFilters', ''),
      ('tagFilters', ''),
      ('tagFilters', ''),
      ('tagFilters', ''),
      ('facetFilters', '[["cause.label:"],["tags:"],["address:"]]},{indexName:fundraiser_prod,params:query='),
      ('facetFilters', '[["tags:"],["address:"]]},{indexName:fundraiser_prod,params:query='),
      ('facetFilters', '[["cause.label:"],["address:"]]},{indexName:fundraiser_prod,params:query='),
      ('facetFilters', '[["cause.label:"],["tags:"]]}]}'),
      ('attributesToRetrieve', '[]'),
      ('attributesToRetrieve', '[]'),
      ('attributesToRetrieve', '[]'),
      ('attributesToHighlight', '[]'),
      ('attributesToHighlight', '[]'),
      ('attributesToHighlight', '[]'),
      ('attributesToSnippet', '[]'),
      ('attributesToSnippet', '[]'),
      ('attributesToSnippet', '[]'),
      ('analytics', 'false'),
      ('analytics', 'false'),
      ('analytics', 'false'),
      ('clickAnalytics', 'false'),
      ('clickAnalytics', 'false'),
      ('clickAnalytics', 'false'),
    ]

    response = requests.post('https://nn2uorrizx-dsn.algolia.net/1/indexes/*/queries', headers=headers, params=params, data=data)

    print(response)

如果有任何其他使用 python 请求模块抓取 https://www.ketto.org/crowdfunding/fundraisers 的建议，那么我很乐意在这里提出。提前谢谢你。

Answer 1

要从服务器获得正确的响应，请在 requests 中使用 json= 参数：

import json
import requests

url = "https://nn2uorrizx-dsn.algolia.net/1/indexes/*/queries"

params = {
    "x-algolia-agent": "Algolia for JavaScript (3.35.1); Browser (lite); angular (8.2.14); angular-instantsearch (3.0.0-beta.4); instantsearch.js (3.7.0); JS Helper (2.28.1)",
    "x-algolia-application-id": "NN2UORRIZX",
    "x-algolia-api-key": "b2caa1b0589e8db9398d5fe2a40bbaed",
}

data = {
    "requests": [
        {
            "indexName": "fundraiser_prod",
            "params": "query=&hitsPerPage=9&maxValuesPerFacet=10&page=0&highlightPreTag=__ais-highlight__&highlightPostTag=__%2Fais-highlight__&facets=%5B%22cause.label%22%2C%22tags%22%2C%22address%22%5D&tagFilters=&facetFilters=%5B%5B%22cause.label%3A%22%5D%2C%5B%22tags%3A%22%5D%2C%5B%22address%3A%22%5D%5D",
        },
        {
            "indexName": "fundraiser_prod",
            "params": "query=&hitsPerPage=1&maxValuesPerFacet=10&page=0&highlightPreTag=__ais-highlight__&highlightPostTag=__%2Fais-highlight__&attributesToRetrieve=%5B%5D&attributesToHighlight=%5B%5D&attributesToSnippet=%5B%5D&tagFilters=&analytics=false&clickAnalytics=false&facets=%5B%22cause.label%22%5D&facetFilters=%5B%5B%22tags%3A%22%5D%2C%5B%22address%3A%22%5D%5D",
        },
        {
            "indexName": "fundraiser_prod",
            "params": "query=&hitsPerPage=1&maxValuesPerFacet=10&page=0&highlightPreTag=__ais-highlight__&highlightPostTag=__%2Fais-highlight__&attributesToRetrieve=%5B%5D&attributesToHighlight=%5B%5D&attributesToSnippet=%5B%5D&tagFilters=&analytics=false&clickAnalytics=false&facets=%5B%22tags%22%5D&facetFilters=%5B%5B%22cause.label%3A%22%5D%2C%5B%22address%3A%22%5D%5D",
        },
        {
            "indexName": "fundraiser_prod",
            "params": "query=&hitsPerPage=1&maxValuesPerFacet=10&page=0&highlightPreTag=__ais-highlight__&highlightPostTag=__%2Fais-highlight__&attributesToRetrieve=%5B%5D&attributesToHighlight=%5B%5D&attributesToSnippet=%5B%5D&tagFilters=&analytics=false&clickAnalytics=false&facets=%5B%22address%22%5D&facetFilters=%5B%5B%22cause.label%3A%22%5D%2C%5B%22tags%3A%22%5D%5D",
        },
    ]
}


data = requests.post(url, params=params, json=data).json()
print(json.dumps(data, indent=4))

打印：

{
    "results": [
        {
            "hits": [
                {
                    "id": 180773,
                    "title": "Feeding From Far-Ration Distribution Amid Lockdown",
                    "end_date": "2021-09-11 23:59:59",
                    "amount_requested": 65000000,
                    "entity_details_id": 1505699,
                    "creator_entity_details_id": 1463388,
                    "address_1": "Mumbai",
                    "creation_date": "2020-04-05 15:10:12",
                    "parent_cause_id": 48,
                    "event_entity_details_id": 1399904,
                    "sucess_story_flag": 0,
                    "custom_tag": "FeedingFromFarForCorona",
                    "beneficiary": {
                        "full_name": "Prayatna "
                    },
                    "raised": {
                        "campaign_id": 180773,
                        "backers": 10616,
                        "raised": "45094771.40",
                        "usdraised": "644211.02",
                        "currencies": {
                            "INR": 45094771,
                            "USD": 644211,
                            "GBP": 501053,
                            "EUR": 536843,
                            "AED": 2254739,
                            "SGD": 867207,
                            "SAR": 2254739
                        }
                    },
                    "widget": {
                        "media_type": "image",
                        "file_name": "wid60a133a89542c.jpg",
                        "path": "/media/campaign/180000/180773/image/",
                        "cdn_path": "https://d1vdjc70h9nzd9.cloudfront.net/media/campaign/180000/180773/image/wid60a133a89542c.jpg"
                    },
                    "cause": {
                        "info_1": "Food & Hunger",
                        "info_3": "Orange",
                        "label": "Food & Hunger"
                    },
                    "campaigner": {
                        "id": 1463388,
                        "fname": "Pooja Reddy",
                        "lname": null,
                        "full_name": "Pooja Reddy ",
                        "disable_foreign_donation": 0,
                        "no_80g": false,
                        "user_details_id": 1470493,
                        "entity_type": "individual",
                        "tax_benefit": false,
                        "avtar": {
                            "entity_type_id": 1463388,
                            "entity_type": "individual",
                            "media_type": "image",
                            "file_name": "60efdb6db4758.jpg",
                            "path": "/media/individual/1463000/1463388/image/",
                            "cdn_path": "https://d1vdjc70h9nzd9.cloudfront.net/media/individual/1463000/1463388/image/60efdb6db4758.jpg"
                        }
                    },
                    "taxexempted": {
                        "id": 1505699,
                        "no_80g": true,
                        "entity_type": "ngo",
                        "tax_benefit": true
                    },

... and so on.
}

为什么我在 Python 请求中收到响应 400？

Why I am getting response 400 in Python requests?

python-3.x

post

web-scraping

python-requests

web-crawler