Python docx - 修改运行以针对特定单词

Question

我正在 python 中开发一个代码，用于在 docx 文件中搜索某些变量，例如找到单词“car”并用定义的颜色突出显示它。

我正在使用 docx 模块来识别和突出显示文本，我可以在运行级别应用更改 (run.font.highlight)，但是由于 MS Word 将文本存储在 xml 文件跟踪所有的变化，我正在寻找的单词可以拆分成不同的运行s 或者是长句子的一部分。由于我的最终目标是针对一个或多个已定义的词，因此我正在努力实现这一目标 expected result。

我的主要想法是运行一个函数来“清理” 运行或 xml 文件，将我的目标词隔离运行然后可以突出显示，但我还没有找到任何关于此的文档，我担心会丢失字体属性、样式等...

这是我目前拥有的代码：

import docx
from docx.enum.text import WD_COLOR_INDEX
import re

doc = docx.Document('demo.docx')

words = {'car': 'RED',
         'bus': 'GREEN',
         'train station': 'BLUE'}

for word, color in words.items():
    w = re.compile(fr'\b{word}\b')
    
    for par in doc.paragraphs:
        for run in par.runs:
            s = re.findall(w, run.text)
            if s:
                run.font.highlight_color = getattr(WD_COLOR_INDEX, color)

doc.save('new.docx')

有没有人遇到过同样的问题或对不同的方法有想法？

谢谢

Answer 1

此函数可用于根据您从 paragraph.text 上的正则表达式匹配中获得的 match.start() 和 match.end() 值在段落中隔离运行。从那里您可以根据需要更改返回的运行的属性，而不会影响相邻的文本：

def isolate_run(paragraph, start, end):
    """Return docx.text.Run object containing only `paragraph.text[start:end]`.

    Runs are split as required to produce a new run at the `start` that ends at `end`.
    Runs are unchanged if the indicated range of text already occupies its own run. The
    resulting run object is returned.

    `start` and `end` are as in Python slice notation. For example, the first three
    characters of the paragraph have (start, end) of (0, 3). `end` is not the index of
    the last character. These correspond to `match.start()` and `match.end()` of a regex
    match object and `s[start:end]` of Python slice notation.
    """
    rs = tuple(paragraph._p.r_lst)

    def advance_to_run_containing_start(start, end):
        """Return (r_idx, start, end) triple indicating start run and adjusted offsets.

        The start run is the run the `start` offset occurs in. The returned `start` and
        `end` values are adjusted to be relative to the start of `r_idx`.
        """
        # --- add 0 at end so `r_ends[-1] == 0` ---
        r_ends = tuple(itertools.accumulate(len(r.text) for r in rs)) + (0,)
        r_idx = 0
        while start >= r_ends[r_idx]:
            r_idx += 1
        skipped_rs_offset = r_ends[r_idx - 1]
        return rs[r_idx], r_idx, start - skipped_rs_offset, end - skipped_rs_offset

    def split_off_prefix(r, start, end):
        """Return adjusted `end` after splitting prefix off into separate run.

        Does nothing if `r` is already the start of the isolated run.
        """
        if start > 0:
            prefix_r = copy.deepcopy(r)
            r.addprevious(prefix_r)
            r.text = r.text[start:]
            prefix_r.text = prefix_r.text[:start]
        return end - start

    def split_off_suffix(r, end):
        """Split `r` at `end` such that suffix is in separate following run."""
        suffix_r = copy.deepcopy(r)
        r.addnext(suffix_r)
        r.text = r.text[:end]
        suffix_r.text = suffix_r.text[end:]

    def lengthen_run(r, r_idx, end):
        """Add prefixes of following runs to `r` until `end` is reached."""
        while len(r.text) < end:
            suffix_len_reqd = end - len(r.text)
            r_idx += 1
            next_r = rs[r_idx]
            if len(next_r.text) <= suffix_len_reqd:
                # --- subsume next run ---
                r.text = r.text + next_r.text
                next_r.getparent().remove(next_r)
                continue
            if len(next_r.text) > suffix_len_reqd:
                # --- take prefix from next run ---
                r.text = r.text + next_r.text[:suffix_len_reqd]
                next_r.text = next_r.text[suffix_len_reqd:]

    r, r_idx, start, end = advance_to_run_containing_start(start, end)
    end = split_off_prefix(r, start, end)

    # --- if run is longer than isolation-range we need to split-off a suffix run ---
    if len(r.text) > end:
        split_off_suffix(r, end)
    # --- if run is shorter than isolation-range we need to lengthen it by taking text
    # --- from subsequent runs
    elif len(r.text) < end:
        lengthen_run(r, r_idx, end)

    return Run(r, paragraph)

做起来比想象的要复杂；当我开始研究它时，它肯定比我想象的要复杂。无论如何，它是不时派上用场的东西。

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