如何定义一个满足任意 std::vector 的概念?

How can I define a concept that is satisfied by an arbitrary std::vector?

我想要一个 concept 需要一个任意向量作为 return 类型:

template<typename T>
concept HasVector = requires (T t) {
    { T.vec() } -> std::same_as<std::vector<int>>; //works
    { T.vec() } -> std::same_as<std::vector<foo>>; //want to put something arbitrary in here
}

这样我们就会有类似下面的东西:

class A {
std::vector<int> vec() { /* ... */}
}

class B {
std::vector<double> vec() { /* ... */}
}

static_assert(HasVector<A>);
static_assert(HasVector<B>);

此外,如果需要一个 vector 作为 return 类型,其值类型满足一些其他概念,即

会更好

template<typename T>
concept Arithmetic = // as in the standard

template<typename T>
concept HasArithmeticVector = requires (T t ) {
    { T. vec() } -> std::same_as<std::vector<Arithmetic>>;

有没有办法把这个放在概念的名字里?

只要vec()是publicclass方法即可:

template<typename T> struct is_vector { std::false_type operator()(); };

template<typename T, typename A> struct is_vector<std::vector<T, A>> {
    std::true_type operator()();
};

template<typename T>
concept HasVector = requires(T t) {
    { is_vector<decltype(t.vec())>{}() } -> std::same_as<std::true_type>;
};

class A {
public:
    std::vector<int> vec() {return {}; }
};

class B {
public:
    std::vector<double> vec() {return {}; }
};

class C {
};

static_assert(HasVector<A>);
static_assert(HasVector<B>);

我们首先编写一个变量模板来检查一个类型是否特化了一个模板:

template <typename T, template <typename...> class Z>
inline constexpr bool is_specialization_of = false;

template <template <typename...> class Z, class... Args>
inline constexpr bool is_specialization_of<Z<Args...>, Z> = true;

我们可以将其转化为一个概念:

template <typename T, template <typename...> class Z>
concept Specializes = is_specialization_of<T, Z>;

然后我们可以用它来实现另一个概念:

template<typename T>
concept HasVector = requires (T t) {
    { t.vec() } -> Specializes<std::vector>;
};

如果您想进一步检查,那只是增加了更多的要求。

template<typename T>
concept HasVector = requires (T t) {
    { t.vec() } -> Specializes<std::vector>;

    // or something along these lines
    requires Arithmetic<decay_t<decltype(t.vec()[0])>>;
    requires Arithmetic<range_value_t<decltype(t.vec())>>;
    // etc.
};
#include <concepts>
#include <vector>

template<typename T>
concept Arithmetic = std::integral<T> || std::floating_point<T>;

template<typename T>
concept HasVector = requires (T t) {
  []<Arithmetic U, typename A>(std::vector<U,A> const&){}(t.vec());
};

Demo.