如何将 Testcontainers 与 @DataJpaTest 结合起来避免代码重复?
How to combine Testcontainers with @DataJpaTest avoiding code duplication?
我想使用 JUnit 5 将 Testcontainer 与 @DataJpaTest
(和 @SpringBootTest
)一起使用。我有使用 @Testcontainers
和 @Container
注释的基本设置,就像这样:
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.jdbc.AutoConfigureTestDatabase;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.DynamicPropertyRegistry;
import org.springframework.test.context.DynamicPropertySource;
import org.testcontainers.containers.PostgreSQLContainer;
import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Container;
import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Testcontainers;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace = AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE)
@Testcontainers
public class AtleteRepositoryTest {
@Container
private static final PostgreSQLContainer<?> CONTAINER = new PostgreSQLContainer<>("postgres:11");
@DynamicPropertySource
static void registerProperties(DynamicPropertyRegistry registry) {
registry.add("spring.datasource.url", CONTAINER::getJdbcUrl);
registry.add("spring.datasource.username", CONTAINER::getUsername);
registry.add("spring.datasource.password", CONTAINER::getPassword);
}
@Autowired
private AtleteRepository repository;
@Test
void testSave() {
repository.save(new Atlete("Wout Van Aert", 0, 1, 0));
assertThat(repository.count()).isEqualTo(1);
}
}
参见 https://github.com/wimdeblauwe/blog-example-code/tree/feature/testcontainers-datajpatest/testcontainers-datajpatest for the full example code (AtleteRepositoryTest, TeamRepositoryTest and TestcontainersDatajpatestApplicationTests)。
为了避免重复声明 PostgreSQL 容器和动态属性,我尝试了以下方法:
JUnit 5 扩展
Baeldung 有一篇博客介绍如何 use a JUnit 5 extension to avoid the duplication。
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.AfterAllCallback;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.BeforeAllCallback;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext;
import org.testcontainers.containers.PostgreSQLContainer;
public class PostgreSQLExtension implements BeforeAllCallback, AfterAllCallback {
private PostgreSQLContainer<?> postgres;
@Override
public void beforeAll(ExtensionContext context) {
postgres = new PostgreSQLContainer<>("postgres:11");
postgres.start();
System.setProperty("spring.datasource.url", postgres.getJdbcUrl());
System.setProperty("spring.datasource.username", postgres.getUsername());
System.setProperty("spring.datasource.password", postgres.getPassword());
}
@Override
public void afterAll(ExtensionContext context) {
postgres.stop();
}
}
如果您只有 1 个测试,它会工作,但如果您同时 运行 多个测试(使用 IntelliJ 或 Maven),不会。在这种情况下,其中一个测试将失败,因为无法建立与数据库的连接。
另请注意,此扩展 不 使用 DynamicPropertyRegistry
,而是使用普通环境变量。
请参阅代码的 feature/testcontainers-datajpatest_baeldung-extension 分支。
使用普通超级class
在分支 feature/testcontainers-datajpatest_database-base-test 上,我尝试使用普通的 superclass:
import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
import org.springframework.test.context.DynamicPropertyRegistry;
import org.springframework.test.context.DynamicPropertySource;
import org.testcontainers.containers.PostgreSQLContainer;
public class DatabaseBaseTest {
private static final PostgreSQLContainer<?> CONTAINER = new PostgreSQLContainer<>("postgres:11");
@BeforeAll
static void start() {
CONTAINER.start();
}
@AfterAll
static void stop() {
CONTAINER.stop();
}
@DynamicPropertySource
static void registerProperties(DynamicPropertyRegistry registry) {
registry.add("spring.datasource.url", () -> {
String jdbcUrl = CONTAINER.getJdbcUrl();
System.out.println("jdbcUrl = " + jdbcUrl);
return jdbcUrl;
});
registry.add("spring.datasource.username", CONTAINER::getUsername);
registry.add("spring.datasource.password", CONTAINER::getPassword);
}
}
不幸的是,这也不起作用。我在日志记录中注意到 @DynamicPropertySource
注释方法只被调用一次,而不是每次测试都被调用,这让我尝试了选项 3:
普通超级class与子classes
中的@DynamicPropertySource
当使用普通的superclass,但在每个subclass中添加@DynamicPropertySource
方法时,它再次起作用。
这种子的示例代码class:
@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace = AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE)
public class AtleteRepositoryTest extends DatabaseBaseTest {
@DynamicPropertySource
static void registerProperties(DynamicPropertyRegistry registry) {
registry.add("spring.datasource.url", () -> {
String jdbcUrl = CONTAINER.getJdbcUrl();
System.out.println("jdbcUrl = " + jdbcUrl);
return jdbcUrl;
});
registry.add("spring.datasource.username", CONTAINER::getUsername);
registry.add("spring.datasource.password", CONTAINER::getPassword);
}
@Autowired
private AtleteRepository repository;
@Test
void testSave() {
repository.save(new Atlete("Wout Van Aert", 0, 1, 0));
assertThat(repository.count()).isEqualTo(1);
}
}
请参阅该版本的分支 feature/testcontainers-datajpatest_database-base-test_subclasses。
所以虽然它有效,但每个测试中仍然有很多重复class。
还有其他方法可以避免重复吗?
为了避免 Testcontainers 代码重复,我通常遵循两种方法:
- 将 ApplicationContextInitializer 与 @ContextConfiguration
结合使用
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.boot.test.util.TestPropertyValues;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
import org.testcontainers.containers.PostgreSQLContainer;
@Slf4j
public class PostgreSQLContainerInitializer
implements ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext> {
private static PostgreSQLContainer sqlContainer = new PostgreSQLContainer("postgres:10.7");
static {
sqlContainer.start();
}
public void initialize (ConfigurableApplicationContext configurableApplicationContext){
TestPropertyValues.of(
"spring.datasource.url=" + sqlContainer.getJdbcUrl(),
"spring.datasource.username=" + sqlContainer.getUsername(),
"spring.datasource.password=" + sqlContainer.getPassword()
).applyTo(configurableApplicationContext.getEnvironment());
}
}
import com.sivalabs.myservice.common.PostgreSQLContainerInitializer;
import com.sivalabs.myservice.entities.User;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.jdbc.AutoConfigureTestDatabase;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import java.util.Optional;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace= AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE)
@ContextConfiguration(initializers = {PostgreSQLContainerInitializer.class})
class UserRepositoryTest {
@Autowired
EntityManager entityManager;
@Autowired
private UserRepository userRepository;
@Test
void shouldReturnUserGivenValidCredentials() {
User user = new User(null, "test@gmail.com", "test", "Test");
entityManager.persist(user);
Optional<User> userOptional = userRepository.login("test@gmail.com", "test");
assertThat(userOptional).isNotEmpty();
}
}
- 在Java 8+接口
中使用@DynamicPropertySource
import org.springframework.test.context.DynamicPropertyRegistry;
import org.springframework.test.context.DynamicPropertySource;
import org.testcontainers.containers.PostgreSQLContainer;
import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Container;
import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Testcontainers;
@Testcontainers
public interface PostgreSQLContainerInitializer {
@Container
PostgreSQLContainer<?> postgres = new PostgreSQLContainer<>("postgres:12.3");
@DynamicPropertySource
static void registerPgProperties(DynamicPropertyRegistry registry) {
registry.add("spring.datasource.url", postgres::getJdbcUrl);
registry.add("spring.datasource.username", postgres::getUsername);
registry.add("spring.datasource.password", postgres::getPassword);
}
}
@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace= AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE)
class UserRepositoryTest implements PostgreSQLContainerInitializer {
....
....
}
使用这些方法,我们不必重复 PostgreSQLContainer 声明和 Spring 属性 设置。
是否将 PostgreSQLContainer 用作 static 字段取决于您是否要为每个测试启动一个新容器或每个测试 1 个容器 class.
PS:
我避免使用通用基础 class 方法,因为有时一个测试只需要 1 个容器,而另一个测试需要多个容器。如果我们在公共基础 class 中添加所有容器,那么对于每个 test/class 所有这些容器都将启动,而不管它们的使用情况如何,这使得测试非常慢。
我想使用 JUnit 5 将 Testcontainer 与 @DataJpaTest
(和 @SpringBootTest
)一起使用。我有使用 @Testcontainers
和 @Container
注释的基本设置,就像这样:
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.jdbc.AutoConfigureTestDatabase;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.DynamicPropertyRegistry;
import org.springframework.test.context.DynamicPropertySource;
import org.testcontainers.containers.PostgreSQLContainer;
import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Container;
import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Testcontainers;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace = AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE)
@Testcontainers
public class AtleteRepositoryTest {
@Container
private static final PostgreSQLContainer<?> CONTAINER = new PostgreSQLContainer<>("postgres:11");
@DynamicPropertySource
static void registerProperties(DynamicPropertyRegistry registry) {
registry.add("spring.datasource.url", CONTAINER::getJdbcUrl);
registry.add("spring.datasource.username", CONTAINER::getUsername);
registry.add("spring.datasource.password", CONTAINER::getPassword);
}
@Autowired
private AtleteRepository repository;
@Test
void testSave() {
repository.save(new Atlete("Wout Van Aert", 0, 1, 0));
assertThat(repository.count()).isEqualTo(1);
}
}
参见 https://github.com/wimdeblauwe/blog-example-code/tree/feature/testcontainers-datajpatest/testcontainers-datajpatest for the full example code (AtleteRepositoryTest, TeamRepositoryTest and TestcontainersDatajpatestApplicationTests)。
为了避免重复声明 PostgreSQL 容器和动态属性,我尝试了以下方法:
JUnit 5 扩展
Baeldung 有一篇博客介绍如何 use a JUnit 5 extension to avoid the duplication。
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.AfterAllCallback;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.BeforeAllCallback;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext;
import org.testcontainers.containers.PostgreSQLContainer;
public class PostgreSQLExtension implements BeforeAllCallback, AfterAllCallback {
private PostgreSQLContainer<?> postgres;
@Override
public void beforeAll(ExtensionContext context) {
postgres = new PostgreSQLContainer<>("postgres:11");
postgres.start();
System.setProperty("spring.datasource.url", postgres.getJdbcUrl());
System.setProperty("spring.datasource.username", postgres.getUsername());
System.setProperty("spring.datasource.password", postgres.getPassword());
}
@Override
public void afterAll(ExtensionContext context) {
postgres.stop();
}
}
如果您只有 1 个测试,它会工作,但如果您同时 运行 多个测试(使用 IntelliJ 或 Maven),不会。在这种情况下,其中一个测试将失败,因为无法建立与数据库的连接。
另请注意,此扩展 不 使用 DynamicPropertyRegistry
,而是使用普通环境变量。
请参阅代码的 feature/testcontainers-datajpatest_baeldung-extension 分支。
使用普通超级class
在分支 feature/testcontainers-datajpatest_database-base-test 上,我尝试使用普通的 superclass:
import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
import org.springframework.test.context.DynamicPropertyRegistry;
import org.springframework.test.context.DynamicPropertySource;
import org.testcontainers.containers.PostgreSQLContainer;
public class DatabaseBaseTest {
private static final PostgreSQLContainer<?> CONTAINER = new PostgreSQLContainer<>("postgres:11");
@BeforeAll
static void start() {
CONTAINER.start();
}
@AfterAll
static void stop() {
CONTAINER.stop();
}
@DynamicPropertySource
static void registerProperties(DynamicPropertyRegistry registry) {
registry.add("spring.datasource.url", () -> {
String jdbcUrl = CONTAINER.getJdbcUrl();
System.out.println("jdbcUrl = " + jdbcUrl);
return jdbcUrl;
});
registry.add("spring.datasource.username", CONTAINER::getUsername);
registry.add("spring.datasource.password", CONTAINER::getPassword);
}
}
不幸的是,这也不起作用。我在日志记录中注意到 @DynamicPropertySource
注释方法只被调用一次,而不是每次测试都被调用,这让我尝试了选项 3:
普通超级class与子classes
中的@DynamicPropertySource
当使用普通的superclass,但在每个subclass中添加@DynamicPropertySource
方法时,它再次起作用。
这种子的示例代码class:
@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace = AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE)
public class AtleteRepositoryTest extends DatabaseBaseTest {
@DynamicPropertySource
static void registerProperties(DynamicPropertyRegistry registry) {
registry.add("spring.datasource.url", () -> {
String jdbcUrl = CONTAINER.getJdbcUrl();
System.out.println("jdbcUrl = " + jdbcUrl);
return jdbcUrl;
});
registry.add("spring.datasource.username", CONTAINER::getUsername);
registry.add("spring.datasource.password", CONTAINER::getPassword);
}
@Autowired
private AtleteRepository repository;
@Test
void testSave() {
repository.save(new Atlete("Wout Van Aert", 0, 1, 0));
assertThat(repository.count()).isEqualTo(1);
}
}
请参阅该版本的分支 feature/testcontainers-datajpatest_database-base-test_subclasses。
所以虽然它有效,但每个测试中仍然有很多重复class。
还有其他方法可以避免重复吗?
为了避免 Testcontainers 代码重复,我通常遵循两种方法:
- 将 ApplicationContextInitializer 与 @ContextConfiguration 结合使用
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.boot.test.util.TestPropertyValues;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
import org.testcontainers.containers.PostgreSQLContainer;
@Slf4j
public class PostgreSQLContainerInitializer
implements ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext> {
private static PostgreSQLContainer sqlContainer = new PostgreSQLContainer("postgres:10.7");
static {
sqlContainer.start();
}
public void initialize (ConfigurableApplicationContext configurableApplicationContext){
TestPropertyValues.of(
"spring.datasource.url=" + sqlContainer.getJdbcUrl(),
"spring.datasource.username=" + sqlContainer.getUsername(),
"spring.datasource.password=" + sqlContainer.getPassword()
).applyTo(configurableApplicationContext.getEnvironment());
}
}
import com.sivalabs.myservice.common.PostgreSQLContainerInitializer;
import com.sivalabs.myservice.entities.User;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.jdbc.AutoConfigureTestDatabase;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import java.util.Optional;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace= AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE)
@ContextConfiguration(initializers = {PostgreSQLContainerInitializer.class})
class UserRepositoryTest {
@Autowired
EntityManager entityManager;
@Autowired
private UserRepository userRepository;
@Test
void shouldReturnUserGivenValidCredentials() {
User user = new User(null, "test@gmail.com", "test", "Test");
entityManager.persist(user);
Optional<User> userOptional = userRepository.login("test@gmail.com", "test");
assertThat(userOptional).isNotEmpty();
}
}
- 在Java 8+接口 中使用@DynamicPropertySource
import org.springframework.test.context.DynamicPropertyRegistry;
import org.springframework.test.context.DynamicPropertySource;
import org.testcontainers.containers.PostgreSQLContainer;
import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Container;
import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Testcontainers;
@Testcontainers
public interface PostgreSQLContainerInitializer {
@Container
PostgreSQLContainer<?> postgres = new PostgreSQLContainer<>("postgres:12.3");
@DynamicPropertySource
static void registerPgProperties(DynamicPropertyRegistry registry) {
registry.add("spring.datasource.url", postgres::getJdbcUrl);
registry.add("spring.datasource.username", postgres::getUsername);
registry.add("spring.datasource.password", postgres::getPassword);
}
}
@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace= AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE)
class UserRepositoryTest implements PostgreSQLContainerInitializer {
....
....
}
使用这些方法,我们不必重复 PostgreSQLContainer 声明和 Spring 属性 设置。
是否将 PostgreSQLContainer 用作 static 字段取决于您是否要为每个测试启动一个新容器或每个测试 1 个容器 class.
PS: 我避免使用通用基础 class 方法,因为有时一个测试只需要 1 个容器,而另一个测试需要多个容器。如果我们在公共基础 class 中添加所有容器,那么对于每个 test/class 所有这些容器都将启动,而不管它们的使用情况如何,这使得测试非常慢。