使用 Pandas json_normalize 展平嵌套 JSON 时出现问题
Problem when using Pandas json_normalize to flatten the nested JSON
我有一个JSON文件，结构如下（下面是retweets[:2]的内容）：
[{'lang': 'en',
'author_id': '1076979440372965377',
'reply_settings': 'everyone',
'entities': {'mentions': [{'start': 3,
'end': 17,
'username': 'Terry81987010',
'url': '',
'location': 'Florida',
'entities': {'description': {'hashtags': [{'start': 29,
'end': 32,
'tag': '2A'}]}},
'created_at': '2019-02-01T23:01:11.000Z',
'protected': False,
'public_metrics': {'followers_count': 520,
'following_count': 567,
'tweet_count': 34376,
'listed_count': 1},
'name': "Terry's Take",
'verified': False,
'id': '1091471553437593605',
'description': 'Less government more Freedom #2A is a constitutional right. Trump2020, common sense rules, God bless America! Vet 82nd Airborne F/A, proud Republican',
'profile_image_url': 'https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1289626661911134208/WfztLkr1_normal.jpg'},
{'start': 19,
'end': 32,
'username': 'DineshDSouza',
'location': 'United States',
'entities': {'url': {'urls': [{'start': 0,
'end': 23,
'expanded_url': 'https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-dinesh-dsouza-podcast/id1547827376',
'display_url': 'podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the…'}]},
'description': {'urls': [{'start': 80,
'end': 103,
'expanded_url': 'https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-dinesh-dsouza-podcast/id1547827376',
'display_url': 'podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the…'}]}},
'created_at': '2009-11-22T22:32:41.000Z',
'protected': False,
'public_metrics': {'followers_count': 1748832,
'following_count': 5355,
'tweet_count': 65674,
'listed_count': 6966},
'name': "Dinesh D'Souza",
'verified': True,
'pinned_tweet_id': '1393309917239562241',
'id': '91882544',
'description': "I am an author, filmmaker, and host of the Dinesh D'Souza Podcast.\n\nSubscribe: ",
'profile_image_url': 'https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/890967538292711424/8puyFbiI_normal.jpg'}]},
'conversation_id': '1253462541881106433',
'created_at': '2020-04-23T23:15:32.000Z',
'id': '1253462541881106433',
'possibly_sensitive': False,
'referenced_tweets': [{'type': 'retweeted',
'id': '1253052684489437184',
'in_reply_to_user_id': '91882544',
'attachments': {'media_keys': ['3_1253052312144293888',
'3_1253052620937277442'],
'media': [{}, {}]},
'entities': {'annotations': [{'start': 126,
'end': 128,
'probability': 0.514,
'type': 'Organization',
'normalized_text': 'CDC'},
{'start': 145,
'end': 146,
'probability': 0.5139,
'type': 'Place',
'normalized_text': 'NY'}],
'mentions': [{'start': 0,
'end': 13,
'username': 'DineshDSouza',
'location': 'United States',
'entities': {'url': {'urls': [{'start': 0,
'end': 23,
'expanded_url': 'https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-dinesh-dsouza-podcast/id1547827376',
'display_url': 'podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the…'}]},
'description': {'urls': [{'start': 80,
'end': 103,
'expanded_url': 'https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-dinesh-dsouza-podcast/id1547827376',
'display_url': 'podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the…'}]}},
'created_at': '2009-11-22T22:32:41.000Z',
'protected': False,
'public_metrics': {'followers_count': 1748832,
'following_count': 5355,
'tweet_count': 65674,
'listed_count': 6966},
'name': "Dinesh D'Souza",
'verified': True,
'pinned_tweet_id': '1393309917239562241',
'id': '91882544',
'description': "I am an author, filmmaker, and host of the Dinesh D'Souza Podcast.\n\nSubscribe: ",
'profile_image_url': 'https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/890967538292711424/8puyFbiI_normal.jpg'}],
'urls': [{'start': 187,
'end': 210,
'expanded_url': 'https://twitter.com/Terry81987010/status/1253052684489437184/photo/1',
'display_url': 'pic.twitter.com/H4NpN5ZMkW'},
{'start': 187,
'end': 210,
'expanded_url': 'https://twitter.com/Terry81987010/status/1253052684489437184/photo/1',
'display_url': 'pic.twitter.com/H4NpN5ZMkW'}]},
'lang': 'en',
'author_id': '1091471553437593605',
'reply_settings': 'everyone',
'conversation_id': '1253050942716551168',
'created_at': '2020-04-22T20:06:55.000Z',
'possibly_sensitive': False,
'referenced_tweets': [{'type': 'replied_to', 'id': '1253050942716551168'}],
'public_metrics': {'retweet_count': 208,
'reply_count': 57,
'like_count': 402,
'quote_count': 38},
'source': 'Twitter Web App',
'text': "@DineshDSouza Here's some proof of artificially inflating the cv deaths. Noone is dying of pneumonia anymore according to the CDC. And of course NY getting paid for each cv death ,000",
'context_annotations': [{'domain': {'id': '10',
'name': 'Person',
'description': 'Named people in the world like Nelson Mandela'},
'entity': {'id': '1138120064119369729', 'name': "Dinesh D'Souza"}},
{'domain': {'id': '35',
'name': 'Politician',
'description': 'Politicians in the world, like Joe Biden'},
'entity': {'id': '1138120064119369729', 'name': "Dinesh D'Souza"}}],
'author': {'url': '',
'username': 'Terry81987010',
'location': 'Florida',
'entities': {'description': {'hashtags': [{'start': 29,
'end': 32,
'tag': '2A'}]}},
'created_at': '2019-02-01T23:01:11.000Z',
'protected': False,
'public_metrics': {'followers_count': 520,
'following_count': 567,
'tweet_count': 34376,
'listed_count': 1},
'name': "Terry's Take",
'verified': False,
'id': '1091471553437593605',
'description': 'Less government more Freedom #2A is a constitutional right. Trump2020, common sense rules, God bless America! Vet 82nd Airborne F/A, proud Republican',
'profile_image_url': 'https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1289626661911134208/WfztLkr1_normal.jpg'},
'in_reply_to_user': {'username': 'DineshDSouza',
'location': 'United States',
'entities': {'url': {'urls': [{'start': 0,
'end': 23,
'expanded_url': 'https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-dinesh-dsouza-podcast/id1547827376',
'display_url': 'podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the…'}]},
'description': {'urls': [{'start': 80,
'end': 103,
'expanded_url': 'https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-dinesh-dsouza-podcast/id1547827376',
'display_url': 'podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the…'}]}},
'created_at': '2009-11-22T22:32:41.000Z',
'protected': False,
'public_metrics': {'followers_count': 1748832,
'following_count': 5355,
'tweet_count': 65674,
'listed_count': 6966},
'name': "Dinesh D'Souza",
'verified': True,
'pinned_tweet_id': '1393309917239562241',
'id': '91882544',
'description': "I am an author, filmmaker, and host of the Dinesh D'Souza Podcast.\n\nSubscribe: ",
'profile_image_url': 'https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/890967538292711424/8puyFbiI_normal.jpg'}}],
'public_metrics': {'retweet_count': 208,
'reply_count': 0,
'like_count': 0,
'quote_count': 0},
'source': 'Twitter for iPhone',
'text': "RT @Terry81987010: @DineshDSouza Here's some proof of artificially inflating the cv deaths. Noone is dying of pneumonia anymore according t…",
'context_annotations': [{'domain': {'id': '10',
'name': 'Person',
'description': 'Named people in the world like Nelson Mandela'},
'entity': {'id': '1138120064119369729', 'name': "Dinesh D'Souza"}},
{'domain': {'id': '35',
'name': 'Politician',
'description': 'Politicians in the world, like Joe Biden'},
'entity': {'id': '1138120064119369729', 'name': "Dinesh D'Souza"}}],
'author': {'url': '',
'username': 'set1952',
'location': 'Etats-Unis',
'created_at': '2018-12-23T23:14:42.000Z',
'protected': False,
'public_metrics': {'followers_count': 103,
'following_count': 44,
'tweet_count': 44803,
'listed_count': 0},
'name': 'SunSet1952',
'verified': False,
'id': '1076979440372965377',
'description': '',
'profile_image_url': 'https://abs.twimg.com/sticky/default_profile_images/default_profile_normal.png'},
'__twarc': {'url': 'https://api.twitter.com/2/tweets/search/all?expansions=author_id%2Cin_reply_to_user_id%2Creferenced_tweets.id%2Creferenced_tweets.id.author_id%2Centities.mentions.username%2Cattachments.poll_ids%2Cattachments.media_keys%2Cgeo.place_id&user.fields=created_at%2Cdescription%2Centities%2Cid%2Clocation%2Cname%2Cpinned_tweet_id%2Cprofile_image_url%2Cprotected%2Cpublic_metrics%2Curl%2Cusername%2Cverified%2Cwithheld&tweet.fields=attachments%2Cauthor_id%2Ccontext_annotations%2Cconversation_id%2Ccreated_at%2Centities%2Cgeo%2Cid%2Cin_reply_to_user_id%2Clang%2Cpublic_metrics%2Ctext%2Cpossibly_sensitive%2Creferenced_tweets%2Creply_settings%2Csource%2Cwithheld&media.fields=duration_ms%2Cheight%2Cmedia_key%2Cpreview_image_url%2Ctype%2Curl%2Cwidth%2Cpublic_metrics&poll.fields=duration_minutes%2Cend_datetime%2Cid%2Coptions%2Cvoting_status&place.fields=contained_within%2Ccountry%2Ccountry_code%2Cfull_name%2Cgeo%2Cid%2Cname%2Cplace_type&max_results=500&query=retweets_of%3ATerry81987010&start_time=2020-03-09T00%3A00%3A00%2B00%3A00&end_time=2020-04-24T00%3A00%3A00%2B00%3A00',
'version': '2.0.8',
'retrieved_at': '2021-05-17T17:13:17+00:00'}},
{'attachments': {'media_keys': ['3_1253366603061878792'],
'media': [{'media_key': '3_1253366603061878792',
'type': 'photo',
'height': 1920,
'width': 1080,
'url': 'https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EWTaSOzXYAgBEqO.jpg'}]},
'lang': 'en',
'author_id': '157054921',
'reply_settings': 'everyone',
'entities': {'mentions': [{'start': 3,
'end': 17,
'username': 'Terry81987010',
'url': '',
'location': 'Florida',
'entities': {'description': {'hashtags': [{'start': 29,
'end': 32,
'tag': '2A'}]}},
'created_at': '2019-02-01T23:01:11.000Z',
'protected': False,
'public_metrics': {'followers_count': 520,
'following_count': 567,
'tweet_count': 34376,
'listed_count': 1},
'name': "Terry's Take",
'verified': False,
'id': '1091471553437593605',
'description': 'Less government more Freedom #2A is a constitutional right. Trump2020, common sense rules, God bless America! Vet 82nd Airborne F/A, proud Republican',
'profile_image_url': 'https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1289626661911134208/WfztLkr1_normal.jpg'},
{'start': 19, 'end': 31, 'username': 'mitchellvii'}],
'urls': [{'start': 60,
'end': 83,
'expanded_url': 'https://twitter.com/Terry81987010/status/1253366701112070147/photo/1',
'display_url': 'pic.twitter.com/mQLE5TZviE'}]},
'conversation_id': '1253446311753453576',
'created_at': '2020-04-23T22:11:03.000Z',
'id': '1253446311753453576',
'possibly_sensitive': False,
'referenced_tweets': [{'type': 'retweeted',
'id': '1253366701112070147',
'in_reply_to_user_id': '17980523',
'attachments': {'media_keys': ['3_1253366603061878792'],
'media': [{'media_key': '3_1253366603061878792',
'type': 'photo',
'height': 1920,
'width': 1080,
'url': 'https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EWTaSOzXYAgBEqO.jpg'}]},
'lang': 'en',
'author_id': '1091471553437593605',
'reply_settings': 'everyone',
'entities': {'mentions': [{'start': 0,
'end': 12,
'username': 'mitchellvii'}],
'urls': [{'start': 41,
'end': 64,
'expanded_url': 'https://twitter.com/Terry81987010/status/1253366701112070147/photo/1',
'display_url': 'pic.twitter.com/mQLE5TZviE'}]},
'conversation_id': '1253364124416978951',
'created_at': '2020-04-23T16:54:42.000Z',
'possibly_sensitive': False,
'referenced_tweets': [{'type': 'replied_to', 'id': '1253364124416978951'}],
'public_metrics': {'retweet_count': 4,
'reply_count': 1,
'like_count': 4,
'quote_count': 0},
'source': 'Twitter Web App',
'text': '@mitchellvii Is it really a coincidence?',
'context_annotations': [{'domain': {'id': '10',
'name': 'Person',
'description': 'Named people in the world like Nelson Mandela'},
'entity': {'id': '1138048048972517376',
'name': 'Bill Mitchell',
'description': 'Professor'}}],
'author': {'url': '',
'username': 'Terry81987010',
'location': 'Florida',
'entities': {'description': {'hashtags': [{'start': 29,
'end': 32,
'tag': '2A'}]}},
'created_at': '2019-02-01T23:01:11.000Z',
'protected': False,
'public_metrics': {'followers_count': 520,
'following_count': 567,
'tweet_count': 34376,
'listed_count': 1},
'name': "Terry's Take",
'verified': False,
'id': '1091471553437593605',
'description': 'Less government more Freedom #2A is a constitutional right. Trump2020, common sense rules, God bless America! Vet 82nd Airborne F/A, proud Republican',
'profile_image_url': 'https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1289626661911134208/WfztLkr1_normal.jpg'},
'in_reply_to_user': {}}],
'public_metrics': {'retweet_count': 4,
'reply_count': 0,
'like_count': 0,
'quote_count': 0},
'source': 'Twitter for iPhone',
'text': 'RT @Terry81987010: @mitchellvii Is it really a coincidence?',
'context_annotations': [{'domain': {'id': '10',
'name': 'Person',
'description': 'Named people in the world like Nelson Mandela'},
'entity': {'id': '1138048048972517376',
'name': 'Bill Mitchell',
'description': 'Professor'}}],
'author': {'url': '',
'username': 'BillyBoysDaddy',
'entities': {'description': {'hashtags': [{'start': 93,
'end': 98,
'tag': 'MAGA'}]}},
'created_at': '2010-06-18T18:29:28.000Z',
'protected': False,
'public_metrics': {'followers_count': 10510,
'following_count': 9001,
'tweet_count': 444455,
'listed_count': 171},
'name': 'Sonlight ',
'verified': False,
'id': '157054921',
'description': 'The way that it is ... is ... the way that it is ...... and it could not be otherwise ...... #MAGA',
'profile_image_url': 'https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/3464880142/bb34db1c7344eca5bd8ce7196ff0e003_normal.jpeg'},
'__twarc': {'url': 'https://api.twitter.com/2/tweets/search/all?expansions=author_id%2Cin_reply_to_user_id%2Creferenced_tweets.id%2Creferenced_tweets.id.author_id%2Centities.mentions.username%2Cattachments.poll_ids%2Cattachments.media_keys%2Cgeo.place_id&user.fields=created_at%2Cdescription%2Centities%2Cid%2Clocation%2Cname%2Cpinned_tweet_id%2Cprofile_image_url%2Cprotected%2Cpublic_metrics%2Curl%2Cusername%2Cverified%2Cwithheld&tweet.fields=attachments%2Cauthor_id%2Ccontext_annotations%2Cconversation_id%2Ccreated_at%2Centities%2Cgeo%2Cid%2Cin_reply_to_user_id%2Clang%2Cpublic_metrics%2Ctext%2Cpossibly_sensitive%2Creferenced_tweets%2Creply_settings%2Csource%2Cwithheld&media.fields=duration_ms%2Cheight%2Cmedia_key%2Cpreview_image_url%2Ctype%2Curl%2Cwidth%2Cpublic_metrics&poll.fields=duration_minutes%2Cend_datetime%2Cid%2Coptions%2Cvoting_status&place.fields=contained_within%2Ccountry%2Ccountry_code%2Cfull_name%2Cgeo%2Cid%2Cname%2Cplace_type&max_results=500&query=retweets_of%3ATerry81987010&start_time=2020-03-09T00%3A00%3A00%2B00%3A00&end_time=2020-04-24T00%3A00%3A00%2B00%3A00',
'version': '2.0.8',
'retrieved_at': '2021-05-17T17:13:17+00:00'}}]
我需要什么： 我必须将 JSON 文件导入到 Pandas 数据框中，每个文件都有一个单独的列字段（即完全展平嵌套列表）。例如，referenced_tweets 不应只有一列，其中包括 type、id 等，它们中的每一个都应该有单独的列。
这是我的代码：
retweets = []
for line in open('Data/usersRetweetsFlatten_sample.json', 'r'):
retweets.append(json.loads(line))
df_retweets = json_normalize(
retweets,
record_path=['referenced_tweets'],
meta_prefix=".",
meta= ["text", "created_at", "author_id", "conversation_id", "id"],
errors='ignore'
)
df_retweets[['author.username', 'type', 'id', '.id', 'referenced_tweets']].head()
问题： 当我 运行 最后一行代码 (df_retweets.head()) 时，我不知道为什么 id 和 type 列与 referenced_tweets 列中相应的类型和 ID 值不匹配。例如，列 type 的值总是 retweeted 而 referenced_tweets 列中的类型是 replied_to!!!!请查看所附结果数据框的屏幕截图。
输出符合预期，符合你的结构 json，这是相当复杂的（多层次）。
“类型”列从一级派生它的值。
>>> retweets[0]["referenced_tweets"][0]["type"]
"retweeted"
虽然“referenced_tweets”列来自更嵌套（即更深）的级别：
>>> retweets[0]["referenced_tweets"][0]["referenced_tweets"][0]["type"]
'replied_to'
我有一个JSON文件，结构如下（下面是retweets[:2]的内容）：
[{'lang': 'en',
'author_id': '1076979440372965377',
'reply_settings': 'everyone',
'entities': {'mentions': [{'start': 3,
'end': 17,
'username': 'Terry81987010',
'url': '',
'location': 'Florida',
'entities': {'description': {'hashtags': [{'start': 29,
'end': 32,
'tag': '2A'}]}},
'created_at': '2019-02-01T23:01:11.000Z',
'protected': False,
'public_metrics': {'followers_count': 520,
'following_count': 567,
'tweet_count': 34376,
'listed_count': 1},
'name': "Terry's Take",
'verified': False,
'id': '1091471553437593605',
'description': 'Less government more Freedom #2A is a constitutional right. Trump2020, common sense rules, God bless America! Vet 82nd Airborne F/A, proud Republican',
'profile_image_url': 'https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1289626661911134208/WfztLkr1_normal.jpg'},
{'start': 19,
'end': 32,
'username': 'DineshDSouza',
'location': 'United States',
'entities': {'url': {'urls': [{'start': 0,
'end': 23,
'expanded_url': 'https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-dinesh-dsouza-podcast/id1547827376',
'display_url': 'podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the…'}]},
'description': {'urls': [{'start': 80,
'end': 103,
'expanded_url': 'https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-dinesh-dsouza-podcast/id1547827376',
'display_url': 'podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the…'}]}},
'created_at': '2009-11-22T22:32:41.000Z',
'protected': False,
'public_metrics': {'followers_count': 1748832,
'following_count': 5355,
'tweet_count': 65674,
'listed_count': 6966},
'name': "Dinesh D'Souza",
'verified': True,
'pinned_tweet_id': '1393309917239562241',
'id': '91882544',
'description': "I am an author, filmmaker, and host of the Dinesh D'Souza Podcast.\n\nSubscribe: ",
'profile_image_url': 'https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/890967538292711424/8puyFbiI_normal.jpg'}]},
'conversation_id': '1253462541881106433',
'created_at': '2020-04-23T23:15:32.000Z',
'id': '1253462541881106433',
'possibly_sensitive': False,
'referenced_tweets': [{'type': 'retweeted',
'id': '1253052684489437184',
'in_reply_to_user_id': '91882544',
'attachments': {'media_keys': ['3_1253052312144293888',
'3_1253052620937277442'],
'media': [{}, {}]},
'entities': {'annotations': [{'start': 126,
'end': 128,
'probability': 0.514,
'type': 'Organization',
'normalized_text': 'CDC'},
{'start': 145,
'end': 146,
'probability': 0.5139,
'type': 'Place',
'normalized_text': 'NY'}],
'mentions': [{'start': 0,
'end': 13,
'username': 'DineshDSouza',
'location': 'United States',
'entities': {'url': {'urls': [{'start': 0,
'end': 23,
'expanded_url': 'https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-dinesh-dsouza-podcast/id1547827376',
'display_url': 'podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the…'}]},
'description': {'urls': [{'start': 80,
'end': 103,
'expanded_url': 'https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-dinesh-dsouza-podcast/id1547827376',
'display_url': 'podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the…'}]}},
'created_at': '2009-11-22T22:32:41.000Z',
'protected': False,
'public_metrics': {'followers_count': 1748832,
'following_count': 5355,
'tweet_count': 65674,
'listed_count': 6966},
'name': "Dinesh D'Souza",
'verified': True,
'pinned_tweet_id': '1393309917239562241',
'id': '91882544',
'description': "I am an author, filmmaker, and host of the Dinesh D'Souza Podcast.\n\nSubscribe: ",
'profile_image_url': 'https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/890967538292711424/8puyFbiI_normal.jpg'}],
'urls': [{'start': 187,
'end': 210,
'expanded_url': 'https://twitter.com/Terry81987010/status/1253052684489437184/photo/1',
'display_url': 'pic.twitter.com/H4NpN5ZMkW'},
{'start': 187,
'end': 210,
'expanded_url': 'https://twitter.com/Terry81987010/status/1253052684489437184/photo/1',
'display_url': 'pic.twitter.com/H4NpN5ZMkW'}]},
'lang': 'en',
'author_id': '1091471553437593605',
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我需要什么： 我必须将 JSON 文件导入到 Pandas 数据框中，每个文件都有一个单独的列字段（即完全展平嵌套列表）。例如，referenced_tweets 不应只有一列，其中包括 type、id 等，它们中的每一个都应该有单独的列。
这是我的代码：
retweets = []
for line in open('Data/usersRetweetsFlatten_sample.json', 'r'):
retweets.append(json.loads(line))
df_retweets = json_normalize(
retweets,
record_path=['referenced_tweets'],
meta_prefix=".",
meta= ["text", "created_at", "author_id", "conversation_id", "id"],
errors='ignore'
)
df_retweets[['author.username', 'type', 'id', '.id', 'referenced_tweets']].head()
问题： 当我 运行 最后一行代码 (df_retweets.head()) 时，我不知道为什么 id 和 type 列与 referenced_tweets 列中相应的类型和 ID 值不匹配。例如，列 type 的值总是 retweeted 而 referenced_tweets 列中的类型是 replied_to!!!!请查看所附结果数据框的屏幕截图。
输出符合预期，符合你的结构 json，这是相当复杂的（多层次）。
“类型”列从一级派生它的值。
>>> retweets[0]["referenced_tweets"][0]["type"]
"retweeted"
虽然“referenced_tweets”列来自更嵌套（即更深）的级别：
>>> retweets[0]["referenced_tweets"][0]["referenced_tweets"][0]["type"]
'replied_to'