Python：从具有给定名称列表的目录中选择文件

Question

基本上，我需要根据文件名从目录中挑选一些文件并将它们移动到其他地方。

所以，我有一个文件名列表，我需要执行以下操作：

1)逐行读取.txt文件

2)将列表中的字符串与给定目录的文件names/paths进行比较

3)将匹配的移动到新目录。

List_1

Out:
['/path_to_the_files/OG0000005.fa',
 '/path_to_the_files/OG0000010.fa',
 '/path_to_the_files/OG0000015.fa',
 '/path_to_the_files/OG0000020.fa',
 '/path_to_the_files/OG0000025.fa',
 '/path_to_the_files/OG0000030.fa']

List_2

Out:
['OG0000010.fa',
 'OG0000020.fa',
 'OG0000030.fa']

import re 
import shutil

def filter_list(string, substr): 
    return [st for st in string if any(sub in st for sub in substr)] 



#List_1, files in a given directory 
list_1=glob.glob('/path_to_the_files/*.fa')

#List_2, files that need to be picked
file = open("/path_to_name_list/list_2.txt", "r")
file_lines = file.read()
list_2 = file_lines.split("\n") 


filtered_list=filter_list(list_2,list_1)


shutil.("old_path_to_the_filtered_list",
           "new_path_to_the_filtered_list")

感谢任何帮助！

Answer 1

您只是想弄清楚如何在过滤后将文件移动到新目录，对吗？只需在您的路径上调用 str.replace 即可生成新路径，然后将这些字符串传递给 shutil.move.

import re 
import shutil
import glob

def filter_list(string, substr): 
    return [st for st in string if any(sub in st for sub in substr)] 



#List_1, files in a given directory 
old_path = "/path_to_the_files"
new_path = "/path_to_move_files_to"
list_1=glob.glob(f'{old_path}/*.fa')

#List_2, files that need to be picked
file = open("/path_to_name_list/list_2.txt", "r")
file_lines = file.read()
list_2 = file_lines.split("\n") 


filtered_list=filter_list(list_2,list_1)

for input in filtered_list:
    output = input.replace(old_path, new_path)
    shutil.move(input, output)

Answer 2

假设这是您阅读后的清单 list_2.txt

['OG0000010.fa',
 'OG0000020.fa',
 'OG0000030.fa']

然后你可以循环浏览文件所在的目录，如果你的文件在列表中，则将它们移动到新目录，

import shutil
import os

file = open("/path_to_name_list/list_2.txt", "r")
file_lines = file.read()
list_2 = file_lines.split("\n") # ['OG0000010.fa','OG0000020.fa','OG0000030.fa']


directory = 'path/to/file/'
new_directory = 'path/to/new/dir'

for filename in os.listdir(directory):
    if filename in list_2:
        old_loc = rf"{directory}/{filename}"
        new_loc = rf"{new_directory}/{filename}"
        shutil.move(old_loc, new_loc)

Python：从具有给定名称列表的目录中选择文件

Python: Selecting files from a directory with a given list of names

python

string

move

filter

readfile