通过 Infura 的 Web3 SendSignedTransaction 没有出现在 Etherscan 交易列表中

Web3 SendSignedTransaction through Infura doesn't appear in the Etherscan transactions list

概览

大家好,我既不是开发人员也不是程序员,但我已经开始了这个 Udacity 区块链纳米学位项目,我开始编写一些区块链应用程序。

从课程开始,我开始编写一个简单的程序,将一些 Ether 从一个 Metamask 帐户发送到另一个帐户,这两个帐户都在同一个测试网 (Rinkeby) 中。

这是我目前使用的程序:

问题

问题是课程已经过时,而且他们的大部分代码都不再有效了。因此,在 Web3 网站 ( link: https://web3js.readthedocs.io/en/v1.4.0/index.html ) 搜索了 3 天后,我开始实现我的代码,我设法编写了您可以在代码段中看到的代码。

代码在我这边没有抛出任何错误,当我检查交易数量(包括待处理的交易)时,每次我 运行 我的代码时交易数量都在增加。但是,当我查看 Rinkeby Etherscan 网站 ( link: https://rinkeby.etherscan.io/ ) 时,在交易列表中找不到交易(已完成、待处理、失败、传出和传入交易)。

问题

注意

我通过代码共享 senderAccount 的私钥,因为这 2 个帐户仅用于在 Rinkeby Testnet 中测试此特定代码。我不打算将它们用作钱包。

代码

// STEP 1: LOADING DEPENDENCIES
const Web3 = require('web3');
const web3 = new Web3('https://rinkeby.infura.io/v3/4fa53ccf01504cc69f0dcbdfdaa38acf');
const Transaction = require('ethereumjs-tx').Transaction;

async function sendTransaction() {
    // STEP 2: INSTANCIATING ADDRESSES
    const sendingAddress = '0x5Be6e93fE99374E506F4e3803e91EbDFe35D6A39';
    const receivingAddress = '0x24620ddf8474c89C0Fc0c916acBcF4029C4eB47F';

    // STEP 3: CONSTRUCTING THE TRANSACTION
    const rawTx = {
        from        :   web3.utils.toHex(sendingAddress),
        to          :   web3.utils.toHex(receivingAddress),
        value       :   web3.utils.toHex(900000000000000),
        gasPrice    :   web3.utils.toHex(1000000000),
        gasLimit    :   web3.utils.toHex(210000),
        data        :   web3.utils.toHex(''),
        nonce       :   web3.utils.toHex(await web3.eth.getTransactionCount(sendingAddress, 'pending')),
    };

    // STEP 4: GENERATING PRIVATE KEY FROM PRIVATE KEY OF ACCOUNT
    const privateKey = Buffer.from('e603c35185142cc8779c47f9c88a81a52446aaa1398286abf3340178aee11c36', 'hex');

    // STEP 5: INITIALIZATING THE TRANSACTION
    const tx = new Transaction(rawTx, { chain: 'rinkeby', hardfork: 'istanbul' });

    // STEP 6: SIGN TRANSACTION
    tx.sign(privateKey);

    // STEP 7: SERIALIZE TRANSACTION
    const serializedTx = tx.serialize();
    web3.eth.sendSignedTransaction('0x' + serializedTx.toString('hex')).on('receipt', console.log);

    // BONUS: CHECKING NUMBER OF TRANSACTIONS
    console.log(await web3.eth.getTransactionCount(sendingAddress, 'pending'));
}

sendTransaction();

好的,我发现代码不完整,我需要实现更多的东西。这是已完成且 100% 有效的代码。

// THIS IS THE LEGACY FORM TO SEND TRANSACTIONS
// Loading dependencies
const fs = require( 'fs' ).promises;
const Web3 = require( 'web3' );
const HDWalletProvider = require( '@truffle/hdwallet-provider' );
const { mnemonicGenerate } = require( '@polkadot/util-crypto' );
const Transaction = require('ethereumjs-tx').Transaction;
const Common = require('ethereumjs-common').default;

async function main () {  
    // Infura rinkeby's url
    const infuraRinkeby = INFURA_HTTPS;

    // Generating bip39 mnemonic
    // const mnemonic = mnemonicGenerate();
    // save the mnemonic in a JSON file in your project directory
    // console.log(mnemonic);

    // Loading previously generated mnemonic
    const mnemonic = ( JSON.parse( await fs.readFile(
                       "FILE_WITH_MNEMONIC.json" ,
                       "utf8" 
                      ) ) ).mnemonic;

    // Generating provider
    const provider = new HDWalletProvider( mnemonic , infuraRinkeby );
    const web3 = new Web3( provider );

    // Declaring rinkeby testnet
    const chain = new Common( 'rinkeby' , 'istanbul' );

    // Getting sending and receiving addresses
    //YOU CAN CHANGE 0 TO SELECT OTHER ADDRESSES
    const sendingAddress = ( await web3.eth.getAccounts() )[0]; 
    const receivingAddress = "DESTINATION_ADDRESS";

    // Getting the private key for the account
    const preKey = ( provider.wallets )[ sendingAddress.toLowerCase() ]
                   .privateKey.toString( 'hex' );
    const privateKey = Buffer.from( preKey , 'hex' );

    // Constructing the raw transaction
    const rawTx = {
        from        :   web3.utils.toHex( sendingAddress ),
        to          :   web3.utils.toHex( receivingAddress ),
        gasPrice    :   web3.utils.toHex( web3.utils.toWei( '1' , 'gwei' ) ),
        gasLimit    :   web3.utils.toHex( 200000 ),
        value       :   web3.utils.toHex( web3.utils.toWei( '0.25' , 'ether' ) ),
        data        :   web3.utils.toHex( 'Hello World!' ),
        nonce       :   web3.utils.toHex( await web3.eth.getTransactionCount( 
                                          sendingAddress ,
                                          'pending'
                                         ) ),
    };

    // Creating a new transaction
    const tx = new Transaction( rawTx , { common : chain } );

    // Signing the transaction
    tx.sign( privateKey );

    // Sending transaction
    await web3.eth.sendSignedTransaction( '0x' + tx.serialize().toString( 'hex' ) )
    .on( 'receipt', function( receipt ) {
        console.log( receipt );
    })
    .on( 'error' , function( error ) {
        console.error( error );
    });   
};

main();