在 FILE 类型文件中找到规范 link - BeautifulSoup
Find the canonical link in a FILE type file - BeautifulSoup
我有很多 FILE 类型的文件（保存在您系统上的文件没有任何扩展名）。这些文件包含 HTML 已解析的新闻内容 - 网站。我需要找到隐藏在那里的规范 link (URL)。我正在使用此代码首先测试其中一个文件 -
with open(file, 'r') as f:
html_text = f.read()
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_text, 'html.parser')
link = soup.find('link', rel = 'canonical')
但我收到 NoneType 对象错误。我也尝试了这些变化
# Variation 1
link = soup.find('link', {'rel':'canonical'})
# Variation 2
link = soup.find('link', rel = 'canonical')['href']
# Variation 3
link = soup.find('link', {'rel':'canonical'}).get['href']
# Variation 4
link = soup.find('link', {'rel':'canonical'})['href']
我也尝试了 soup.find_all 变体，但这些也失败了。 （错误：NoneType 对象不是 subscriptable/NoneType 对象没有属性 href）
我通过在记事本中打开它来手动检查我的文件，我发现其中有一个片段 <link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://theintercept.com/2020/10/27/senator-perdue-ossoff-china/feed/\"/> 证明规范确实不是 NoneType 对象。
这似乎是一个如此简单的问题，但似乎有一些我无法捕捉到的错误。我在 Whosebug 上浏览了很多处理类似问题的问题，并尝试了他们的解决方案（因此有变体）。感谢任何帮助。
编辑 -
根据要求添加文件内容
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includeSubDomains; preload\",\"Vary\":\"Accept-Encoding\",\"X-Content-Type-Options\":\"nosniff\",\"X-Frame-Options\":\"SAMEORIGIN\",\"X-Xss-Protection\":\"1; mode=block\"},\"site_prefix\":\"\"};\n window.__COUNTRY_CODE__ = \"US\";\n </script>\n \n \n <script type=\"application/ld+json\">\n {\"url\":\"https://theintercept.com/2020/10/27/senator-perdue-ossoff-china/feed/\"}\n </script>\n \n <div id=\"parsely-root\" style=\"display: none\">\n <div id=\"parsely-cfg\" data-parsely-site=\"theintercept.com\"></div>\n </div>\n \n <script src=\"/assets/app42e762a729b53f810f04.js\"></script>\n </body>\n</html>\n"
实际上你是在循环之外加载文件，而循环实际上是关闭的！所以你只需要装一个空汤！
此外，由于您要处理损坏的 HTML，rel 等于 rel=\"canonical\"，因此您必须注意这一点。或明确指定它或在选择器中使用 *。
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
with open('a.html') as f:
soup = BeautifulSoup(f.read(), 'lxml')
for i in soup.select('link[rel*=canonical]'):
print(i['href'])
输出：
\"https://theintercept.com/2020/10/27/senator-perdue-ossoff-china/feed/\"/
我有很多 FILE 类型的文件（保存在您系统上的文件没有任何扩展名）。这些文件包含 HTML 已解析的新闻内容 - 网站。我需要找到隐藏在那里的规范 link (URL)。我正在使用此代码首先测试其中一个文件 -
with open(file, 'r') as f:
html_text = f.read()
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_text, 'html.parser')
link = soup.find('link', rel = 'canonical')
但我收到 NoneType 对象错误。我也尝试了这些变化
# Variation 1
link = soup.find('link', {'rel':'canonical'})
# Variation 2
link = soup.find('link', rel = 'canonical')['href']
# Variation 3
link = soup.find('link', {'rel':'canonical'}).get['href']
# Variation 4
link = soup.find('link', {'rel':'canonical'})['href']
我也尝试了 soup.find_all 变体，但这些也失败了。 （错误：NoneType 对象不是 subscriptable/NoneType 对象没有属性 href）
我通过在记事本中打开它来手动检查我的文件，我发现其中有一个片段 <link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://theintercept.com/2020/10/27/senator-perdue-ossoff-china/feed/\"/> 证明规范确实不是 NoneType 对象。
这似乎是一个如此简单的问题，但似乎有一些我无法捕捉到的错误。我在 Whosebug 上浏览了很多处理类似问题的问题，并尝试了他们的解决方案（因此有变体）。感谢任何帮助。
编辑 - 根据要求添加文件内容
"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<!--\n ______ __ ______ __ __\n/\__ _\/\ \ /\__ _\ /\ \__ /\ \__\n\/_/\ \/\ \ \___ __\/_/\ \/ ___\ \ ,_\ __ _ __ ___ __ _____\ \ ,_\\n \ \ \ \ \ _ `\ /'__`\ \ \ \ /' _ `\ \ \/ /'__`\/\`'__\/'___\ /'__`\/\ '__`\ \ \/\n \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \/\ __/ \_\ \__/\ \/\ \ \ \_/\ __/\ \ \//\ \__//\ __/\ \ \L\ \ \ \_\n \ \_\ \ \_\ \_\ \____\ /\_____\ \_\ \_\ \__\ \____\\ \_\\ \____\ \____\\ \ ,__/\ \__\\n \/_/ \/_/\/_/\/____/ \/_____/\/_/\/_/\/__/\/____/ \/_/ \/____/\/____/ \ \ \/ \/__/\n \ \_\\n \/_/\n-->\n<html lang=\"en\">\n <head>\n <title>The Intercept</title>\n <meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n <meta http-equiv=\"X-UA-Compatible\" content=\"IE=edge\">\n <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no\">\n <meta name=\"msapplication-TileColor\" content=\"#000000\">\n <meta name=\"msapplication-TileImage\" content=\"/static/mstile-144x144.png\">\n <meta name=\"msapplication-config\" content=\"/static/browserconfig.xml\">\n <meta 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Please check the URL or go to the <!-- /react-text --><a href=\"/\" data-reactid=\"127\">homepage</a><!-- react-text: 128 -->.<!-- /react-text --></p></div></div></div></div><!-- react-empty: 129 --><div style=\"display:none;\" data-reactid=\"130\"><svg\n xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\"\n xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"\n height=\"500\"\n width=\"500\"\n viewBox=\"0 0 500 500\"\n aria-labelledby=\"title desc\"\n>\n <title id=\"title\">Filters SVG</title>\n <defs>\n <filter id=\"bleed\" filterUnits=\"objectBoundingBox\">\n <feColorMatrix\n type=\"matrix\"\n values=\"1 0 0 0 0, 0 0.15 0 0 0, 0 0 .20 0 0, 0 0 0 1 0\"\n />\n </filter>\n </defs>\n</svg></div><div class=\"ThirdPartySlot\" id=\"third-party--viewport-top\" data-reactid=\"131\"></div><div class=\"ThirdPartySlot\" id=\"third-party--viewport-takeover\" data-reactid=\"132\"></div><div class=\"ThirdPartySlot\" id=\"third-party--viewport-bottom\" data-reactid=\"133\"></div></div></div>\n <script>\n window.initialStoreTree = {\"bodyClasses\":[],\"categoryPostIDs\":{},\"commentsExpanded\":{},\"contentLanguage\":null,\"dispatcher\":{\"backend\":null,\"node\":null,\"type\":null},\"documentCloud\":{\"document\":{},\"embedUrl\":\"\",\"text\":{}},\"documentIDs\":[],\"error\":{\"message\":\"Page not found\",\"status\":404},\"featureIDs\":[],\"featuresLanguage\":{},\"googleAMPUrl\":\"\",\"hamburgerColor\":null,\"host\":\"theintercept.com\",\"inInitialRender\":false,\"languageLanding\":{},\"liveBlogsUpdatesIDs\":{},\"loading\":false,\"mediaPlayer\":null,\"newsletter\":{\"form\":{\"description\":\"\",\"status\":\"\"}},\"podcastPage\":{},\"podcastsHomepage\":{\"speakingIDs\":[]},\"postLanding\":{\"redirect\":null},\"postsMetaIDs\":{},\"resources\":{\"alerts\":{},\"annotationSets\":{},\"annotations\":{},\"categories\":{},\"comments\":{},\"documents\":{},\"liveBlogs\":{},\"platform\":{\"theintercept\":{\"Article\":{},\"Author\":{},\"Document\":{},\"GeoLocation\":{},\"HttpReturn\":{},\"Podcast\":{},\"PodcastEpisode\":{},\"Section\":{},\"bySpeakingID\":{},\"documentArchives\":{},\"documentReleases\":{},\"nodePromos\":{\"default\":{}}},\"theintercept-brasil\":{\"HttpReturn\":{},\"bySpeakingID\":{},\"latestPromos\":[],\"nodePromos\":{\"default\":{}}}},\"postCommentMeta\":{},\"posts\":{},\"promoBanners\":{},\"series\":{},\"seriesDocuments\":{},\"staff\":{},\"taxonomies\":{},\"timeline\":{}},\"reverseChronIDs\":{},\"route\":{\"names\":[],\"params\":{},\"path\":\"\",\"pathname\":\"\",\"query\":{}},\"routed\":false,\"scrollToPostComments\":null,\"searchResultIDs\":[],\"seriesHomepage\":{\"curatedItems\":{\"postIds\":[],\"seriesSlugs\":[]},\"recentItems\":{\"postIds\":[],\"seriesSlugs\":[]}},\"seriesPostIDs\":{},\"sidToday\":{\"search\":{\"lastCursor\":null,\"loading\":false,\"speakingIDs\":[],\"totalCount\":null}},\"sidTodayFilesUpdateReports\":{\"category\":{}},\"specialSeriesItems\":[],\"squirrelDocumentIDs\":[],\"squirrelIDs\":[],\"staffIDs\":[],\"surveillanceCatalogData\":null,\"surveillanceCatalogVendors\":null,\"tocChapters\":{},\"tracking\":{\"currentUrl\":\"https://theintercept.com/2020/10/27/senator-perdue-ossoff-china/feed/\",\"previousUrl\":null}};\n window.config = {\"assets\":{\"host\":\"\",\"webpack\":false},\"aws_static\":\"https://static.theintercept.com\",\"coral_talk_api_origin\":\"https://talk.theintercept.com\",\"coral_talk_origin\":\"https://talk.theintercept.com\",\"coral_talk_permalink_cutover_date\":\"2019-06-24T14:00:00.000Z\",\"donation_base_url\":\"https://join.theintercept.com/donate/\",\"donation_base_url_brasil\":\"http://catarse.me/intercept/\",\"env\":{\"NODE_ENV\":\"production\"},\"facebook\":{\"tracking_pixel_id\":\"2151258874911575\"},\"google\":{\"id\":\"UA-79475609-15\"},\"graphql_realm_id\":\"UmVhbG06NTJiOWMwOGEtMjQwYS00NzMxLThlYTAtMjMyY2RiYTYwNzBh\",\"graphql_realm_id__brasil\":\"UmVhbG1Db250ZW50OjE3NTU4MzMyLWUwZTQtNDIyYy1iNDcyLWZkMDQzMmRiOGRhYw==\",\"graphql_url\":\"http://read.usq.flmcloud.local:3002/graphql\",\"hash\":\"42e762a729b53f810f04\",\"host\":\"theintercept.com\",\"imgix\":{\"additional_origins\":[\"https://firstlook.org\"],\"domain\":\"theintercept.imgix.net\"},\"logs\":{\"level\":\"info\"},\"onsite_origins\":[\"https://theintercept.com\"],\"origin\":\"https://theintercept.com\",\"override_private_wp_host\":\"theintercept.com\",\"parsely\":{\"endpoint\":\"https://c.prod.theintercept.com/a\",\"site_id\":\"theintercept.com\"},\"piano\":{\"application_id\":\"hsZyoAWmIE\",\"origin\":\"https://o.prod.theintercept.com\"},\"port\":8080,\"private_wp_origin\":\"https://wp.theintercept.com\",\"public_api_origin\":\"https://theintercept.com\",\"public_wp_origin\":\"https://theintercept.com\",\"request_timeout\":30000,\"set_headers\":{\"Access-Control-Allow-Origin\":\"*\",\"Referrer-Policy\":\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\",\"Strict-Transport-Security\":\"max-age=63072000; 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实际上你是在循环之外加载文件，而循环实际上是关闭的！所以你只需要装一个空汤！
此外，由于您要处理损坏的 HTML，rel 等于 rel=\"canonical\"，因此您必须注意这一点。或明确指定它或在选择器中使用 *。
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
with open('a.html') as f:
soup = BeautifulSoup(f.read(), 'lxml')
for i in soup.select('link[rel*=canonical]'):
print(i['href'])
输出：
\"https://theintercept.com/2020/10/27/senator-perdue-ossoff-china/feed/\"/