pythonanywhere 中的相对导入在 Flask 项目中不起作用
Relative imports in pythonanywhere do not work in flask project
我正在尝试从一个非常有用的教程中学习
关于如何使用 flask_login.
我的问题：完整教程在我的本地 PC 上运行良好，但是我 运行 在尝试在 pythonanywhere[=69] 上获取此 运行ning 时遇到问题=].
该错误似乎与相关导入无关。在最好的情况下，我想提出一些代码，这些代码 运行 在我的机器和 pythonanywhere 上都是本地的。
举个最小的例子，项目结构如下：
└── flask_auth_app
└── project
├── __init__.py
├── auth.py
├── main.py
与文件
__init__.py
from flask import Flask
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
# init SQLAlchemy so we can use it later in our models
db = SQLAlchemy()
def create_app():
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'secret-key-goes-here'
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:///db.sqlite'
db.init_app(app)
# blueprint for auth routes in our app
from .auth import auth as auth_blueprint
app.register_blueprint(auth_blueprint)
# blueprint for non-auth parts of app
from .main import main as main_blueprint
app.register_blueprint(main_blueprint)
return app
auth.py
from flask import Blueprint
from . import db
auth = Blueprint('auth', __name__)
@auth.route('/login')
def login():
return 'Login'
@auth.route('/signup')
def signup():
return 'Signup'
@auth.route('/logout')
def logout():
return 'Logout'
main.py
from flask import Blueprint
from . import db
main = Blueprint('main', __name__)
@main.route('/')
def index():
return 'Index'
@main.route('/profile')
def profile():
return 'Profile'
为了在我的本地 PC 上执行此操作，我创建了一个环境变量
set FLASK_APP=project
来自 flask_auth_app 目录的 和 运行 烧瓶
flask run
一切都运行很好。
我现在已经将文件传输到 pythonanywhere 并在那里使用以下配置：
source code: /home/grammaster/flask_auth_app
working directory: /home/grammaster/flask_auth_app
WSGI配置文件
# This file contains the WSGI configuration required to serve up your
# web application at http://<your-username>.pythonanywhere.com/
# It works by setting the variable 'application' to a WSGI handler of some
# description.
#
# The below has been auto-generated for your Flask project
import sys
# add your project directory to the sys.path
project_home = '/home/grammaster/flask_auth_app/project'
if project_home not in sys.path:
sys.path = [project_home] + sys.path
# import flask app but need to call it "application" for WSGI to work
from project import app as application # noqa
产生的错误信息是
2021-08-13 05:58:26,704: Error running WSGI application
2021-08-13 05:58:26,706: ImportError: cannot import name 'app' from 'project' (/home/grammaster/flask_auth_app/./project/__init__.py)
2021-08-13 05:58:26,706: File "/var/www/grammaster_pythonanywhere_com_wsgi.py", line 16, in <module>
2021-08-13 05:58:26,707: from project import app as application # noqa
如果我将设置更改为
source code: /home/grammaster/flask_auth_app/project
working directory: /home/grammaster/flask_auth_app/project
并使用
from main import app as application # noqa
结果错误是
2021-08-13 06:10:53,086: Error running WSGI application
2021-08-13 06:10:53,089: ImportError: attempted relative import with no known parent package
2021-08-13 06:10:53,089: File "/var/www/grammaster_pythonanywhere_com_wsgi.py", line 16, in <module>
2021-08-13 06:10:53,089: from main import app as application # noqa
2021-08-13 06:10:53,089:
2021-08-13 06:10:53,089: File "/home/grammaster/flask_auth_app/project/main.py", line 2, in <module>
2021-08-13 06:10:53,089: from . import db
我确信这个问题相当微不足道，但我似乎对 pythonanywhere 和一般的 Flask 服务器上的相关导入缺乏一些基本的了解。
我终于找到了使上述示例在 pythonanywhere 上使用相对导入的解决方案。问题源于 WSGI 配置文件中的错误路径。
对于上面的示例和路径，正确的 WSGI 配置文件是
# This file contains the WSGI configuration required to serve up your
# web application at http://<your-username>.pythonanywhere.com/
# It works by setting the variable 'application' to a WSGI handler of some
# description.
#
# The below has been auto-generated for your Flask project
import sys
# add your project directory to the sys.path
project_home = '/home/grammaster/flask_auth_app'
if project_home not in sys.path:
sys.path = [project_home] + sys.path
# import flask app but need to call it "application" for WSGI to work
from project import create_app
application = create_app()
我正在尝试从一个非常有用的教程中学习
关于如何使用 flask_login.
我的问题：完整教程在我的本地 PC 上运行良好，但是我 运行 在尝试在 pythonanywhere[=69] 上获取此 运行ning 时遇到问题=].
该错误似乎与相关导入无关。在最好的情况下，我想提出一些代码，这些代码 运行 在我的机器和 pythonanywhere 上都是本地的。
举个最小的例子，项目结构如下：
└── flask_auth_app
└── project
├── __init__.py
├── auth.py
├── main.py
与文件
__init__.py
from flask import Flask
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
# init SQLAlchemy so we can use it later in our models
db = SQLAlchemy()
def create_app():
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'secret-key-goes-here'
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:///db.sqlite'
db.init_app(app)
# blueprint for auth routes in our app
from .auth import auth as auth_blueprint
app.register_blueprint(auth_blueprint)
# blueprint for non-auth parts of app
from .main import main as main_blueprint
app.register_blueprint(main_blueprint)
return app
auth.py
from flask import Blueprint
from . import db
auth = Blueprint('auth', __name__)
@auth.route('/login')
def login():
return 'Login'
@auth.route('/signup')
def signup():
return 'Signup'
@auth.route('/logout')
def logout():
return 'Logout'
main.py
from flask import Blueprint
from . import db
main = Blueprint('main', __name__)
@main.route('/')
def index():
return 'Index'
@main.route('/profile')
def profile():
return 'Profile'
为了在我的本地 PC 上执行此操作，我创建了一个环境变量
set FLASK_APP=project
和 运行 烧瓶
flask run
一切都运行很好。
我现在已经将文件传输到 pythonanywhere 并在那里使用以下配置：
source code: /home/grammaster/flask_auth_app
working directory: /home/grammaster/flask_auth_app
WSGI配置文件
# This file contains the WSGI configuration required to serve up your
# web application at http://<your-username>.pythonanywhere.com/
# It works by setting the variable 'application' to a WSGI handler of some
# description.
#
# The below has been auto-generated for your Flask project
import sys
# add your project directory to the sys.path
project_home = '/home/grammaster/flask_auth_app/project'
if project_home not in sys.path:
sys.path = [project_home] + sys.path
# import flask app but need to call it "application" for WSGI to work
from project import app as application # noqa
产生的错误信息是
2021-08-13 05:58:26,704: Error running WSGI application
2021-08-13 05:58:26,706: ImportError: cannot import name 'app' from 'project' (/home/grammaster/flask_auth_app/./project/__init__.py)
2021-08-13 05:58:26,706: File "/var/www/grammaster_pythonanywhere_com_wsgi.py", line 16, in <module>
2021-08-13 05:58:26,707: from project import app as application # noqa
如果我将设置更改为
source code: /home/grammaster/flask_auth_app/project
working directory: /home/grammaster/flask_auth_app/project
并使用
from main import app as application # noqa
结果错误是
2021-08-13 06:10:53,086: Error running WSGI application
2021-08-13 06:10:53,089: ImportError: attempted relative import with no known parent package
2021-08-13 06:10:53,089: File "/var/www/grammaster_pythonanywhere_com_wsgi.py", line 16, in <module>
2021-08-13 06:10:53,089: from main import app as application # noqa
2021-08-13 06:10:53,089:
2021-08-13 06:10:53,089: File "/home/grammaster/flask_auth_app/project/main.py", line 2, in <module>
2021-08-13 06:10:53,089: from . import db
我确信这个问题相当微不足道，但我似乎对 pythonanywhere 和一般的 Flask 服务器上的相关导入缺乏一些基本的了解。
我终于找到了使上述示例在 pythonanywhere 上使用相对导入的解决方案。问题源于 WSGI 配置文件中的错误路径。
对于上面的示例和路径，正确的 WSGI 配置文件是
# This file contains the WSGI configuration required to serve up your
# web application at http://<your-username>.pythonanywhere.com/
# It works by setting the variable 'application' to a WSGI handler of some
# description.
#
# The below has been auto-generated for your Flask project
import sys
# add your project directory to the sys.path
project_home = '/home/grammaster/flask_auth_app'
if project_home not in sys.path:
sys.path = [project_home] + sys.path
# import flask app but need to call it "application" for WSGI to work
from project import create_app
application = create_app()