收到错误无法为模块 Wx 加载“/usr/local/lib64/perl5/auto/Wx/Wx.so”
Getting error Can't load '/usr/local/lib64/perl5/auto/Wx/Wx.so' for module Wx
我无法使用 cpan 正确下载 Wx，并且一直出现错误，所以我尝试强制安装它，现在 运行:
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
use Wx;
我收到以下错误：
Can't load '/usr/local/lib64/perl5/auto/Wx/Wx.so' for module Wx: libenchant.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory at /usr/lib64/perl5/DynaLoader.pm line 193.
at test.pl line 3.
Compilation failed in require at test.pl line 3.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at test.pl line 3.
编辑：我终于让它工作了！首先，我下载了 libenchant1c2a.deb 并使用 deb2tgz 将其转换为 .txz，将其解压缩并将文件放入 usr/lib usr/lib64 和 usr/share 之后我就按照 Håkon Hægland 的说明，效果很好，谢谢！
我能够从源安装 Wx from source on Ubuntu 21.04 with perl version 5.32.0. I first installed the wxWidgets libraries (version 3.0.2 from prdownloads.sourceforge.net/wxwindows/wxWidgets-3.0.2.tar.bz2) by installing Alien::wxWidgets：
$ wget https://cpan.metacpan.org/authors/id/M/MD/MDOOTSON/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69.tar.gz
$ tar zxvf Alien-wxWidgets-0.69.tar.gz
$ cd Alien-wxWidgets-0.69.tar.gz
$ perl Makefile.PL
perl Makefile.PL
# running Build.PL
Do you want to fetch and build wxWidgets from sources? [no ]yes
Which wxWidgets version? (2.8.10, 2.8.11, 2.8.12, 2.9.0, 2.9.1, 2.9.2, 2.9.3, 2.9.4, 3.0.0, 3.0.1, 3.0.2) [3.0.2 ]
3.0.2
Which archive type? [tar.bz2 ]
tar.bz2
Do you want to include OpenGL support [no ]
no
Created MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Creating new 'Build' script for 'Alien-wxWidgets' version '0.69'
$ make
[...]
/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/bk-deps g++ -c -o gldll_glx11.o -I./.pch/wxprec_gldll -D__WXGTK__ -DWXBUILDING -I../src/regex -DWXUSINGDLL -DWXMAKINGDLL_GL -fPIC -DPIC -Wall -Wundef -Wunused-parameter -Wno-ctor-dtor-privacy -Woverloaded-virtual -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -I/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/lib/wx/include/gtk2-unicode-3.0 -I../include -pthread -I/usr/include/gtk-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gtk-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/libmount -I/usr/include/blkid -I/usr/include/fribidi -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/uuid -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng16 -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -DWX_PRECOMP -pthread -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pthread -I/usr/include/gtk-unix-print-2.0 -I/usr/include/gtk-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gtk-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/libmount -I/usr/include/blkid -I/usr/include/fribidi -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/uuid -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng16 -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden ../src/unix/glx11.cpp
g++ -shared -fPIC -o /home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/lib/libwx_gtk2u_gl-3.0.so.0.2.0 gldll_glcmn.o gldll_gtk_glcanvas.o gldll_glx11.o -L/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/lib -Wl,-soname,libwx_gtk2u_gl-3.0.so.0 -pthread -lgtk-x11-2.0 -lgdk-x11-2.0 -lpangocairo-1.0 -latk-1.0 -lcairo -lgdk_pixbuf-2.0 -lgio-2.0 -lpangoft2-1.0 -lpango-1.0 -lgobject-2.0 -lharfbuzz -lfontconfig -lfreetype -lgthread-2.0 -pthread -lglib-2.0 -lX11 -lSM -lgtk-x11-2.0 -lgdk-x11-2.0 -lpangocairo-1.0 -latk-1.0 -lcairo -lgdk_pixbuf-2.0 -lgio-2.0 -lpangoft2-1.0 -lpango-1.0 -lgobject-2.0 -lglib-2.0 -lharfbuzz -lfontconfig -lfreetype -lpng -lz -ljpeg -ltiff -lwxregexu-3.0 -pthread -Wl,--version-script,/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/version-script -lz -ldl -lm -lwx_gtk2u_core-3.0 -lwx_baseu-3.0 -lGL -lGLU -lz -ldl -lm
(cd /home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/lib/; rm -f libwx_gtk2u_gl-3.0.so libwx_gtk2u_gl-3.0.so.0; ln -s libwx_gtk2u_gl-3.0.so.0.2.0 libwx_gtk2u_gl-3.0.so.0; ln -s libwx_gtk2u_gl-3.0.so.0 libwx_gtk2u_gl-3.0.so)
(if test -f utils/wxrc/Makefile ; then cd utils/wxrc && make all ; fi)
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/utils/wxrc'
/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/bk-deps g++ -c -o wxrc_wxrc.o -D__WXGTK__ -I../../../utils/wxrc -DWXUSINGDLL -DwxUSE_GUI=0 -Wall -Wundef -Wunused-parameter -Wno-ctor-dtor-privacy -Woverloaded-virtual -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -I/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/lib/wx/include/gtk2-unicode-3.0 -I../../../include -pthread -I/usr/include/gtk-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gtk-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/libmount -I/usr/include/blkid -I/usr/include/fribidi -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/uuid -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng16 -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -DWX_PRECOMP -pthread -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pthread -I/usr/include/gtk-unix-print-2.0 -I/usr/include/gtk-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gtk-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/libmount -I/usr/include/blkid -I/usr/include/fribidi -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/uuid -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng16 -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden ../../../utils/wxrc/wxrc.cpp
g++ -o wxrc wxrc_wxrc.o -L/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/lib -pthread -lwx_baseu_xml-3.0 -lexpat -lwx_baseu-3.0 -lwxregexu-3.0 -pthread -Wl,--version-script,/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/version-script -lz -ldl -lm -lz -ldl -lm
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/utils/wxrc'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld'
$ make test
/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/bin/perl Build --makefile_env_macros 1 test
t/01_load.t .......... ok
t/zy_pod_coverage.t .. ok
t/zz_pod.t ........... ok
All tests successful.
Files=3, Tests=15, 0 wallclock secs ( 0.01 usr 0.00 sys + 0.25 cusr 0.05 csys = 0.31 CPU)
Result: PASS
$ make install
/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/bin/perl Build --makefile_env_macros 1 install
Building Alien-wxWidgets
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld'
(if test -f utils/wxrc/Makefile ; then cd utils/wxrc && make all ; fi)
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/utils/wxrc'
make[2]: Nothing to be done for 'all'.
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/utils/wxrc'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld'
Files found in blib/arch: installing files in blib/lib into architecture dependent library tree
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld'
mkdir -p /home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib
/bin/install -c -m 644 /home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/lib/libwx_baseu-3.0.so /home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib
/bin/install -c /home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/lib/libwx_baseu-3.0.so.0.2.0 /home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib
(cd /home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib ; rm -f libwx_baseu-3.0.so libwx_baseu-3.0.so.0; ln -s libwx_baseu-3.0.so.0.2.0 libwx_baseu-3.0.so.0; ln -s libwx_baseu-3.0.so.0 libwx_baseu-3.0.so)
[...]
done
------------------------------------------------------
The installation of wxWidgets is finished. On certain
platforms (e.g. Linux) you'll now have to run ldconfig
if you installed a shared library and also modify the
LD_LIBRARY_PATH (or equivalent) environment variable.
wxWidgets comes with no guarantees and doesn't claim
to be suitable for any purpose.
Read the wxWindows Licence on licencing conditions.
------------------------------------------------------
然后，我能够编译 Wx:
$ wget https://cpan.metacpan.org/authors/id/M/MD/MDOOTSON/Wx-0.9932.tar.gz
$ tar zxvf Wx-0.9932.tar.gz
$ cd Wx-0.9932
$ perl Makefile.PL
Checking if your kit is complete...
Looks good
'WX' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name.
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Warning (mostly harmless): No library found for -lwx_gtk2u_webview-3.0
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Warning (mostly harmless): No library found for -lwx_gtk2u_media-3.0
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Generating a Unix-style Makefile
Writing Makefile for Wx
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
======================================================================
For installation instructions and further help please see
docs/INSTALL.pod
For command line switches help use:
perl Makefile.PL --help
======================================================================
$ make
[...]
g++ -pthread -c -I. -I.. -I/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib/wx/include/gtk2-unicode-3.0 -I/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/include/wx-3.0 -I. -I. -I/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib/wx/include/gtk2-unicode-3.0 -I/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/include/wx-3.0 -I. -I../.. -I/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib/wx/include/gtk2-unicode-3.0 -I/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/include/wx-3.0 -fwrapv -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -fstack-protector-strong -I/usr/local/include -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -O2 -DVERSION=\"0.01\" -DXS_VERSION=\"0.01\" -fPIC "-I/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/CORE" -DWXPL_EXT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -DWXUSINGDLL -D__WXGTK__ -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -DWXUSINGDLL -D__WXGTK__ -DWXPL_EXT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -DWXUSINGDLL -D__WXGTK__ XRC.c
rm -f ../../blib/arch/auto/Wx/XRC/XRC.so
LD_RUN_PATH="/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib" g++ -shared -O2 -fstack-protector-strong XRC.o -o ../../blib/arch/auto/Wx/XRC/XRC.so \
-L/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib -lpthread -lwx_gtk2u_xrc-3.0 -lwx_baseu_xml-3.0 -lwx_gtk2u_html-3.0 -lwx_gtk2u_adv-3.0 -lwx_gtk2u_core-3.0 -lwx_baseu-3.0 \
[...]
但是 运行 测试最初失败了。由于某种原因，Perl 生成的共享对象中嵌入的 run path 无法帮助动态加载程序找到 wx 库的位置。所以我需要明确设置 LD_LIBRARY_PATH:
$ perl -MAlien::wxWidgets -E 'say Alien::wxWidgets->prefix'
/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni
$ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib make test
"/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/bin/perl" -MExtUtils::Command::MM -e 'cp_nonempty' -- DataView.bs ../../blib/arch/auto/Wx/DataView/DataView.bs 644
PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 "/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/bin/perl" "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" "-MTest::Harness" "-e" "undef *Test::Harness::Switches; test_harness(0, '../../blib/lib', '../../blib/arch')" t/*.t
t/01_load.t ......... ok
t/02_inheritance.t .. ok
t/03_threads.t ...... skipped: no threads
t/08_ovl_func.t ..... ok
All tests successful.
Files=4, Tests=25, 1 wallclock secs ( 0.02 usr 0.00 sys + 0.25 cusr 0.03 csys = 0.30 CPU)
Result: PASS
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Wx-0.9932/ext/dataview'
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Wx-0.9932/ext/docview'
"/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/bin/perl" -MExtUtils::Command::MM -e 'cp_nonempty' -- DocView.bs ../../blib/arch/auto/Wx/DocView/DocView.bs 644
PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 "/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/bin/perl" "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" "-MTest::Harness" "-e" "undef *Test::Harness::Switches; test_harness(0, '../../blib/lib', '../../blib/arch')" t/*.t
t/01_load.t ......... ok
t/02_inheritance.t .. ok
[...]
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Wx-0.9932/ext/pperl/carp'
PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 "/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/bin/perl" "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" "-MTest::Harness" "-e" "undef *Test::Harness::Switches; test_harness(0, '../../../blib/lib', '../../../blib/arch')" t/*.t
t/01_load.t .. ok
All tests successful.
Files=1, Tests=1, 0 wallclock secs ( 0.01 usr 0.01 sys + 0.08 cusr 0.00 csys = 0.10 CPU)
Result: PASS
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Wx-0.9932/ext/pperl/carp'
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Wx-0.9932/ext/pperl/textval'
PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 "/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/bin/perl" "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" "-MTest::Harness" "-e" "undef *Test::Harness::Switches; test_harness(0, '../../../blib/lib', '../../../blib/arch')" t/*.t
t/01_load.t .. ok
All tests successful.
Files=1, Tests=1, 0 wallclock secs ( 0.01 usr 0.00 sys + 0.07 cusr 0.02 csys = 0.10 CPU)
Result: PASS
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Wx-0.9932/ext/pperl/textval'
No tests defined for Wx::Perl extension.
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Wx-0.9932/ext/pperl'
No tests defined for Wx extension.
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Wx-0.9932/ext'
PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 "/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/bin/perl" "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" "-MTest::Harness" "-e" "undef *Test::Harness::Switches; test_harness(0, 'blib/lib', 'blib/arch')" t/*.t
t/01_load.t ........... ok
t/02_inheritance.t .... ok
t/03_event.t .......... ok
t/04_userdata.t ....... ok
t/05_timer.t .......... ok
t/06_loadxpm.t ........ ok
t/07_overload.t ....... ok
t/08_ovl_func.t ....... ok
t/09_create_delete.t .. ok
t/10_oor.t ............ ok
t/11_twostage.t ....... ok
t/12_pod.t ............ skipped: Author tests
t/13_nbksizer.t ....... ok
t/14_eh_die.t ......... ok
t/15_threads.t ........ skipped: no threads
t/16_stream.t ......... ok
t/17_thread_evt.t ..... skipped: no threads
t/18_unicode.t ........ ok
t/19_overlay.t ........ ok
t/20_ctx_threads.t .... skipped: no threads
t/21_locale.t ......... ok
t/22_interface.t ...... ok
t/zz_distrib.t ........ skipped: Author tests
All tests successful.
Test Summary Report
-------------------
t/04_userdata.t (Wstat: 0 Tests: 65 Failed: 0)
TODO passed: 25, 49, 57
Files=23, Tests=770, 6 wallclock secs ( 0.12 usr 0.02 sys + 1.82 cusr 0.52 csys = 2.48 CPU)
Result: PASS
然后我就可以安装了：
$ make install
$ perl -E 'use Wx; say "It works"'
It works
我无法使用 cpan 正确下载 Wx，并且一直出现错误，所以我尝试强制安装它，现在 运行:
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
use Wx;
我收到以下错误：
Can't load '/usr/local/lib64/perl5/auto/Wx/Wx.so' for module Wx: libenchant.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory at /usr/lib64/perl5/DynaLoader.pm line 193.
at test.pl line 3.
Compilation failed in require at test.pl line 3.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at test.pl line 3.
编辑：我终于让它工作了！首先，我下载了 libenchant1c2a.deb 并使用 deb2tgz 将其转换为 .txz，将其解压缩并将文件放入 usr/lib usr/lib64 和 usr/share 之后我就按照 Håkon Hægland 的说明，效果很好，谢谢！
我能够从源安装 Wx from source on Ubuntu 21.04 with perl version 5.32.0. I first installed the wxWidgets libraries (version 3.0.2 from prdownloads.sourceforge.net/wxwindows/wxWidgets-3.0.2.tar.bz2) by installing Alien::wxWidgets：
$ wget https://cpan.metacpan.org/authors/id/M/MD/MDOOTSON/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69.tar.gz
$ tar zxvf Alien-wxWidgets-0.69.tar.gz
$ cd Alien-wxWidgets-0.69.tar.gz
$ perl Makefile.PL
perl Makefile.PL
# running Build.PL
Do you want to fetch and build wxWidgets from sources? [no ]yes
Which wxWidgets version? (2.8.10, 2.8.11, 2.8.12, 2.9.0, 2.9.1, 2.9.2, 2.9.3, 2.9.4, 3.0.0, 3.0.1, 3.0.2) [3.0.2 ]
3.0.2
Which archive type? [tar.bz2 ]
tar.bz2
Do you want to include OpenGL support [no ]
no
Created MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Creating new 'Build' script for 'Alien-wxWidgets' version '0.69'
$ make
[...]
/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/bk-deps g++ -c -o gldll_glx11.o -I./.pch/wxprec_gldll -D__WXGTK__ -DWXBUILDING -I../src/regex -DWXUSINGDLL -DWXMAKINGDLL_GL -fPIC -DPIC -Wall -Wundef -Wunused-parameter -Wno-ctor-dtor-privacy -Woverloaded-virtual -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -I/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/lib/wx/include/gtk2-unicode-3.0 -I../include -pthread -I/usr/include/gtk-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gtk-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/libmount -I/usr/include/blkid -I/usr/include/fribidi -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/uuid -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng16 -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -DWX_PRECOMP -pthread -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pthread -I/usr/include/gtk-unix-print-2.0 -I/usr/include/gtk-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gtk-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/libmount -I/usr/include/blkid -I/usr/include/fribidi -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/uuid -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng16 -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden ../src/unix/glx11.cpp
g++ -shared -fPIC -o /home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/lib/libwx_gtk2u_gl-3.0.so.0.2.0 gldll_glcmn.o gldll_gtk_glcanvas.o gldll_glx11.o -L/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/lib -Wl,-soname,libwx_gtk2u_gl-3.0.so.0 -pthread -lgtk-x11-2.0 -lgdk-x11-2.0 -lpangocairo-1.0 -latk-1.0 -lcairo -lgdk_pixbuf-2.0 -lgio-2.0 -lpangoft2-1.0 -lpango-1.0 -lgobject-2.0 -lharfbuzz -lfontconfig -lfreetype -lgthread-2.0 -pthread -lglib-2.0 -lX11 -lSM -lgtk-x11-2.0 -lgdk-x11-2.0 -lpangocairo-1.0 -latk-1.0 -lcairo -lgdk_pixbuf-2.0 -lgio-2.0 -lpangoft2-1.0 -lpango-1.0 -lgobject-2.0 -lglib-2.0 -lharfbuzz -lfontconfig -lfreetype -lpng -lz -ljpeg -ltiff -lwxregexu-3.0 -pthread -Wl,--version-script,/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/version-script -lz -ldl -lm -lwx_gtk2u_core-3.0 -lwx_baseu-3.0 -lGL -lGLU -lz -ldl -lm
(cd /home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/lib/; rm -f libwx_gtk2u_gl-3.0.so libwx_gtk2u_gl-3.0.so.0; ln -s libwx_gtk2u_gl-3.0.so.0.2.0 libwx_gtk2u_gl-3.0.so.0; ln -s libwx_gtk2u_gl-3.0.so.0 libwx_gtk2u_gl-3.0.so)
(if test -f utils/wxrc/Makefile ; then cd utils/wxrc && make all ; fi)
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/utils/wxrc'
/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/bk-deps g++ -c -o wxrc_wxrc.o -D__WXGTK__ -I../../../utils/wxrc -DWXUSINGDLL -DwxUSE_GUI=0 -Wall -Wundef -Wunused-parameter -Wno-ctor-dtor-privacy -Woverloaded-virtual -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -I/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/lib/wx/include/gtk2-unicode-3.0 -I../../../include -pthread -I/usr/include/gtk-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gtk-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/libmount -I/usr/include/blkid -I/usr/include/fribidi -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/uuid -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng16 -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -DWX_PRECOMP -pthread -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing -pthread -I/usr/include/gtk-unix-print-2.0 -I/usr/include/gtk-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gtk-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/libmount -I/usr/include/blkid -I/usr/include/fribidi -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/uuid -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng16 -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden ../../../utils/wxrc/wxrc.cpp
g++ -o wxrc wxrc_wxrc.o -L/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/lib -pthread -lwx_baseu_xml-3.0 -lexpat -lwx_baseu-3.0 -lwxregexu-3.0 -pthread -Wl,--version-script,/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/version-script -lz -ldl -lm -lz -ldl -lm
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/utils/wxrc'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld'
$ make test
/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/bin/perl Build --makefile_env_macros 1 test
t/01_load.t .......... ok
t/zy_pod_coverage.t .. ok
t/zz_pod.t ........... ok
All tests successful.
Files=3, Tests=15, 0 wallclock secs ( 0.01 usr 0.00 sys + 0.25 cusr 0.05 csys = 0.31 CPU)
Result: PASS
$ make install
/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/bin/perl Build --makefile_env_macros 1 install
Building Alien-wxWidgets
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld'
(if test -f utils/wxrc/Makefile ; then cd utils/wxrc && make all ; fi)
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/utils/wxrc'
make[2]: Nothing to be done for 'all'.
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/utils/wxrc'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld'
Files found in blib/arch: installing files in blib/lib into architecture dependent library tree
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld'
mkdir -p /home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib
/bin/install -c -m 644 /home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/lib/libwx_baseu-3.0.so /home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib
/bin/install -c /home/hakon/test/perl/Alien-wxWidgets-0.69/wxWidgets-3.0.2/bld/lib/libwx_baseu-3.0.so.0.2.0 /home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib
(cd /home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib ; rm -f libwx_baseu-3.0.so libwx_baseu-3.0.so.0; ln -s libwx_baseu-3.0.so.0.2.0 libwx_baseu-3.0.so.0; ln -s libwx_baseu-3.0.so.0 libwx_baseu-3.0.so)
[...]
done
------------------------------------------------------
The installation of wxWidgets is finished. On certain
platforms (e.g. Linux) you'll now have to run ldconfig
if you installed a shared library and also modify the
LD_LIBRARY_PATH (or equivalent) environment variable.
wxWidgets comes with no guarantees and doesn't claim
to be suitable for any purpose.
Read the wxWindows Licence on licencing conditions.
------------------------------------------------------
然后，我能够编译 Wx:
$ wget https://cpan.metacpan.org/authors/id/M/MD/MDOOTSON/Wx-0.9932.tar.gz
$ tar zxvf Wx-0.9932.tar.gz
$ cd Wx-0.9932
$ perl Makefile.PL
Checking if your kit is complete...
Looks good
'WX' is not a known MakeMaker parameter name.
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Warning (mostly harmless): No library found for -lwx_gtk2u_webview-3.0
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Warning (mostly harmless): No library found for -lwx_gtk2u_media-3.0
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
Generating a Unix-style Makefile
Writing Makefile for Wx
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
======================================================================
For installation instructions and further help please see
docs/INSTALL.pod
For command line switches help use:
perl Makefile.PL --help
======================================================================
$ make
[...]
g++ -pthread -c -I. -I.. -I/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib/wx/include/gtk2-unicode-3.0 -I/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/include/wx-3.0 -I. -I. -I/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib/wx/include/gtk2-unicode-3.0 -I/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/include/wx-3.0 -I. -I../.. -I/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib/wx/include/gtk2-unicode-3.0 -I/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/include/wx-3.0 -fwrapv -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -fstack-protector-strong -I/usr/local/include -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -O2 -DVERSION=\"0.01\" -DXS_VERSION=\"0.01\" -fPIC "-I/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/CORE" -DWXPL_EXT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -DWXUSINGDLL -D__WXGTK__ -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -DWXUSINGDLL -D__WXGTK__ -DWXPL_EXT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -DWXUSINGDLL -D__WXGTK__ XRC.c
rm -f ../../blib/arch/auto/Wx/XRC/XRC.so
LD_RUN_PATH="/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib" g++ -shared -O2 -fstack-protector-strong XRC.o -o ../../blib/arch/auto/Wx/XRC/XRC.so \
-L/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib -lpthread -lwx_gtk2u_xrc-3.0 -lwx_baseu_xml-3.0 -lwx_gtk2u_html-3.0 -lwx_gtk2u_adv-3.0 -lwx_gtk2u_core-3.0 -lwx_baseu-3.0 \
[...]
但是 运行 测试最初失败了。由于某种原因，Perl 生成的共享对象中嵌入的 run path 无法帮助动态加载程序找到 wx 库的位置。所以我需要明确设置 LD_LIBRARY_PATH:
$ perl -MAlien::wxWidgets -E 'say Alien::wxWidgets->prefix'
/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni
$ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/lib/site_perl/5.32.0/x86_64-linux/Alien/wxWidgets/gtk_3_0_2_uni/lib make test
"/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/bin/perl" -MExtUtils::Command::MM -e 'cp_nonempty' -- DataView.bs ../../blib/arch/auto/Wx/DataView/DataView.bs 644
PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 "/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/bin/perl" "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" "-MTest::Harness" "-e" "undef *Test::Harness::Switches; test_harness(0, '../../blib/lib', '../../blib/arch')" t/*.t
t/01_load.t ......... ok
t/02_inheritance.t .. ok
t/03_threads.t ...... skipped: no threads
t/08_ovl_func.t ..... ok
All tests successful.
Files=4, Tests=25, 1 wallclock secs ( 0.02 usr 0.00 sys + 0.25 cusr 0.03 csys = 0.30 CPU)
Result: PASS
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Wx-0.9932/ext/dataview'
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Wx-0.9932/ext/docview'
"/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/bin/perl" -MExtUtils::Command::MM -e 'cp_nonempty' -- DocView.bs ../../blib/arch/auto/Wx/DocView/DocView.bs 644
PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 "/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/bin/perl" "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" "-MTest::Harness" "-e" "undef *Test::Harness::Switches; test_harness(0, '../../blib/lib', '../../blib/arch')" t/*.t
t/01_load.t ......... ok
t/02_inheritance.t .. ok
[...]
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Wx-0.9932/ext/pperl/carp'
PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 "/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/bin/perl" "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" "-MTest::Harness" "-e" "undef *Test::Harness::Switches; test_harness(0, '../../../blib/lib', '../../../blib/arch')" t/*.t
t/01_load.t .. ok
All tests successful.
Files=1, Tests=1, 0 wallclock secs ( 0.01 usr 0.01 sys + 0.08 cusr 0.00 csys = 0.10 CPU)
Result: PASS
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Wx-0.9932/ext/pperl/carp'
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Wx-0.9932/ext/pperl/textval'
PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 "/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/bin/perl" "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" "-MTest::Harness" "-e" "undef *Test::Harness::Switches; test_harness(0, '../../../blib/lib', '../../../blib/arch')" t/*.t
t/01_load.t .. ok
All tests successful.
Files=1, Tests=1, 0 wallclock secs ( 0.01 usr 0.00 sys + 0.07 cusr 0.02 csys = 0.10 CPU)
Result: PASS
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Wx-0.9932/ext/pperl/textval'
No tests defined for Wx::Perl extension.
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Wx-0.9932/ext/pperl'
No tests defined for Wx extension.
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/hakon/test/perl/Wx-0.9932/ext'
PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 "/home/hakon/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.32.0/bin/perl" "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" "-MTest::Harness" "-e" "undef *Test::Harness::Switches; test_harness(0, 'blib/lib', 'blib/arch')" t/*.t
t/01_load.t ........... ok
t/02_inheritance.t .... ok
t/03_event.t .......... ok
t/04_userdata.t ....... ok
t/05_timer.t .......... ok
t/06_loadxpm.t ........ ok
t/07_overload.t ....... ok
t/08_ovl_func.t ....... ok
t/09_create_delete.t .. ok
t/10_oor.t ............ ok
t/11_twostage.t ....... ok
t/12_pod.t ............ skipped: Author tests
t/13_nbksizer.t ....... ok
t/14_eh_die.t ......... ok
t/15_threads.t ........ skipped: no threads
t/16_stream.t ......... ok
t/17_thread_evt.t ..... skipped: no threads
t/18_unicode.t ........ ok
t/19_overlay.t ........ ok
t/20_ctx_threads.t .... skipped: no threads
t/21_locale.t ......... ok
t/22_interface.t ...... ok
t/zz_distrib.t ........ skipped: Author tests
All tests successful.
Test Summary Report
-------------------
t/04_userdata.t (Wstat: 0 Tests: 65 Failed: 0)
TODO passed: 25, 49, 57
Files=23, Tests=770, 6 wallclock secs ( 0.12 usr 0.02 sys + 1.82 cusr 0.52 csys = 2.48 CPU)
Result: PASS
然后我就可以安装了：
$ make install
$ perl -E 'use Wx; say "It works"'
It works