如何为我的哈希表打印值而不是内存地址？ Python
How to print values instead of memory addresses for my hashtable? Python
我正在将包数据从 csv 读入我的哈希表，当我去打印数据以检查它是否被正确插入时，我得到了值的内存地址。它读取 packageID 并正确打印该部分。
对于目前将整个项目格式化为一个文件，我深表歉意。我不熟悉 Python 以及这些文件如何协同工作。当我将它们拆分为 Pycharm 中的单独文件时，我不知道正在执行什么，因为它的下拉菜单一次会 运行 一个文件（我的猜测）？
import csv
import math
####################################################################################################################
class hashtable:
# Set initial capacity of the Hashtable to 40 and sets the buckets to empty.
def __init__(self, initial_capacity=40):
# initialize the hash table with empty bucket list entries.
self.table = []
for i in range(initial_capacity):
self.table.append([])
# Inserts new key:value pair into desired bucket.
def insert(self, key, item): # does both insert and update
# get the bucket list where this item will go.
bucket = hash(key) % len(self.table)
bucket_list = self.table[bucket]
key_value = [key, item]
bucket_list.append(key_value)
return True
# Searches for the package using its packageID as the key and returns it if found.
def search(self, key):
# get the bucket list where this key would be.
bucket = hash(key) % len(self.table)
bucket_list = self.table[bucket]
# print(bucket_list)
# search for the key in the bucket list
for kv in bucket_list:
# print (key_value)
if kv[0] == key:
return kv[1] # value
return None
# Removes a package with the matching key.
def remove(self, key):
# get the bucket list where this item will be removed from.
bucket = hash(key) % len(self.table)
bucket_list = self.table[bucket]
# remove the item from the bucket list if it is present.
for kv in bucket_list:
# print (key_value)
if kv[0] == key:
bucket_list.remove([kv[0], kv[1]])
####################################################################################################################
class Package:
def __init__(self, ID, Address, City, State, Zip, Deadline, Weight, Notes, Status, Deliverytime):
self.packageID = ID
self.packageAddress = Address
self.packageCity = City
self.packageState = State
self.packageZip = Zip
self.packageDeadline = Deadline
self.packageWeight = Weight
self.packageNotes = Notes
self.packageStatus = Status
self.deliveryTime = Deliverytime
#####################################################################################################################
def loadPackageData(fileName):
with open(fileName) as Package_List:
packageData = csv.reader(Package_List, delimiter=',')
for package in packageData:
pID = int(package[0])
pAddress = package[1]
pCity = package[2]
pState = package[3]
pZip = package[4]
pDeadline = package[5]
pWeight = package[6]
pNotes = package[7]
pStatus = "At hub"
pDeliverytime = "00:00"
#package object
p = Package(pID, pAddress, pCity, pState, pZip, pDeadline, pWeight, pNotes, pStatus, pDeliverytime)
#print (p)
# insert into the hash table
myHash.insert(pID, p)
# Hash table instance
myHash = hashtable()
# Load packages to Hashtable
loadPackageData('packageData.csv')
print("Packages from Hashtable:")
print(myHash.table)
# Fetch data from hashtable
#for i in range (len(myHash.table)+1):
# print("Package: {}".format(myHash.search(i+1))) # 1 to 40 sent to myHash.search()
当调用 print(myHash.table) 时，除了所有 40 个包之外，我得到的输出结构如下。
[[[40, <__main__.Package object at 0x000001E1489114C0>]], [[1, <__main__.Package object at 0x000001E148914220>]], [[2, <__main__.Package object at 0x000001E148911DF0>]], [[3, <__main__.Package object at 0x000001E148911D00>]]
我无法理解如何实现另一个 post 询问与我的项目类似的问题，所以我现在在这里。非常感谢大家的帮助！
在 Package class 中，您将编写一个 __repr__ 函数，该函数将 return 一个您想要的字符串。
您必须为 class 覆盖 __repr__ and __str__ 方法才能打印您需要的内容。
您可以通过其他方式添加自己的 human_readable-like 属性
class PackageA:
def __init__(self, ID, Address, City, State, Zip, Deadline, Weight, Notes, Status, Deliverytime):
self.packageID = ID
self.packageAddress = Address
self.packageCity = City
self.packageState = State
self.packageZip = Zip
self.packageDeadline = Deadline
self.packageWeight = Weight
self.packageNotes = Notes
self.packageStatus = Status
self.deliveryTime = Deliverytime
class PackageB:
def __init__(self, ID, Address, City, State, Zip, Deadline, Weight, Notes, Status, Deliverytime):
self.packageID = ID
self.packageAddress = Address
self.packageCity = City
self.packageState = State
self.packageZip = Zip
self.packageDeadline = Deadline
self.packageWeight = Weight
self.packageNotes = Notes
self.packageStatus = Status
self.deliveryTime = Deliverytime
def __str__(self):
return f'STR is <{self.packageID} {self.packageAddress} {self.packageCity} {self.packageState} {self.packageZip} {self.packageDeadline} {self.packageWeight} {self.packageNotes} {self.packageStatus} {self.deliveryTime}>'
def __repr__(self):
return f'REPR is <{self.packageID} {self.packageAddress} {self.packageCity} {self.packageState} {self.packageZip} {self.packageDeadline} {self.packageWeight} {self.packageNotes} {self.packageStatus} {self.deliveryTime}>'
@property
def human_readable(self):
return f'Readable representation is <{self.packageID} {self.packageAddress} {self.packageCity} {self.packageState} {self.packageZip} {self.packageDeadline} {self.packageWeight} {self.packageNotes} {self.packageStatus} {self.deliveryTime}>'
packagesA = []
packagesB = []
for i in range(0,3):
packagesA.append(PackageA(f"ID{i}", f"Address{i}", f"City{i}", f"State{i}", f"Zip{i}", f"Deadline{i}", f"Weight{i}", f"Notes{i}", f"Status{i}", f"Deliverytime{i}"))
packagesB.append(PackageB(f"ID{i}", f"Address{i}", f"City{i}", f"State{i}", f"Zip{i}", f"Deadline{i}", f"Weight{i}", f"Notes{i}", f"Status{i}", f"Deliverytime{i}"))
print(packagesA)
print("--")
print(packagesB)
print("--")
print([str(x) for x in packagesB])
print("--")
print([x.human_readable for x in packagesB])
输出：
[<__main__.PackageA object at 0x104ca0710>, <__main__.PackageA object at 0x104ca0a90>, <__main__.PackageA object at 0x104ca0e10>]
--
[REPR is <ID0 Address0 City0 State0 Zip0 Deadline0 Weight0 Notes0 Status0 Deliverytime0>, REPR is <ID1 Address1 City1 State1 Zip1 Deadline1 Weight1 Notes1 Status1 Deliverytime1>, REPR is <ID2 Address2 City2 State2 Zip2 Deadline2 Weight2 Notes2 Status2 Deliverytime2>]
--
['STR is <ID0 Address0 City0 State0 Zip0 Deadline0 Weight0 Notes0 Status0 Deliverytime0>', 'STR is <ID1 Address1 City1 State1 Zip1 Deadline1 Weight1 Notes1 Status1 Deliverytime1>', 'STR is <ID2 Address2 City2 State2 Zip2 Deadline2 Weight2 Notes2 Status2 Deliverytime2>']
--
['Readeable representation is <ID0 Address0 City0 State0 Zip0 Deadline0 Weight0 Notes0 Status0 Deliverytime0>', 'Readeable representation is <ID1 Address1 City1 State1 Zip1 Deadline1 Weight1 Notes1 Status1 Deliverytime1>', 'Readeable representation is <ID2 Address2 City2 State2 Zip2 Deadline2 Weight2 Notes2 Status2 Deliverytime2>']
在这种情况下，它打印 python 个对象，默认 __repr__() 打印 classname<memory location>。您可能想要编写一个自定义 __repr__()，其中 returns 您想要显示的数据的字符串。
所以在你的情况下你可能想做这样的事情：
class Package:
def __init__(self, ID, Address, City, State, Zip, Deadline, Weight, Notes, Status, Deliverytime):
self.packageID = ID
self.packageAddress = Address
self.packageCity = City
self.packageState = State
self.packageZip = Zip
self.packageDeadline = Deadline
self.packageWeight = Weight
self.packageNotes = Notes
self.packageStatus = Status
self.deliveryTime = Deliverytime
def __repr__(self):
# Creates a list of lists where [value, attribute]
attributes = [[getattr(self, attr), attr] for attr in dir(self) if not attr.startswith("__")]
# Start result string with classname
result = "Package("
for attribute in attributes:
result += f"{attribute[1]}= {attribute[0]},"
result+=")"
return result
print(Package(1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1)) # prints Package(deliveryTime= 1,packageAddress= 1,packageCity= 1,packageDeadline= 1,packageID= 1,packageNotes= 1,packageState= 1,packageStatus= 1,packageWeight= 1,packageZip= 1,)
这是一个非常快速和肮脏的实现，您可以清理得更快并完全按照您的意愿进行操作，但基本上它会遍历 class 并遍历每个非 dunder（从 [=14 开始） =]) 属性，然后为 class.
中的每个属性创建一个 classname(attribute=value,) 形式的字符串
看看你的 class 你也可以使用 dataclasses module because you have so many attributes, but since I don't know the types I can't give you a solution, or use a namedtuple。所有这些都内置了 __repr__() 功能。
我正在将包数据从 csv 读入我的哈希表，当我去打印数据以检查它是否被正确插入时，我得到了值的内存地址。它读取 packageID 并正确打印该部分。 对于目前将整个项目格式化为一个文件，我深表歉意。我不熟悉 Python 以及这些文件如何协同工作。当我将它们拆分为 Pycharm 中的单独文件时，我不知道正在执行什么，因为它的下拉菜单一次会 运行 一个文件（我的猜测）？
import csv
import math
####################################################################################################################
class hashtable:
# Set initial capacity of the Hashtable to 40 and sets the buckets to empty.
def __init__(self, initial_capacity=40):
# initialize the hash table with empty bucket list entries.
self.table = []
for i in range(initial_capacity):
self.table.append([])
# Inserts new key:value pair into desired bucket.
def insert(self, key, item): # does both insert and update
# get the bucket list where this item will go.
bucket = hash(key) % len(self.table)
bucket_list = self.table[bucket]
key_value = [key, item]
bucket_list.append(key_value)
return True
# Searches for the package using its packageID as the key and returns it if found.
def search(self, key):
# get the bucket list where this key would be.
bucket = hash(key) % len(self.table)
bucket_list = self.table[bucket]
# print(bucket_list)
# search for the key in the bucket list
for kv in bucket_list:
# print (key_value)
if kv[0] == key:
return kv[1] # value
return None
# Removes a package with the matching key.
def remove(self, key):
# get the bucket list where this item will be removed from.
bucket = hash(key) % len(self.table)
bucket_list = self.table[bucket]
# remove the item from the bucket list if it is present.
for kv in bucket_list:
# print (key_value)
if kv[0] == key:
bucket_list.remove([kv[0], kv[1]])
####################################################################################################################
class Package:
def __init__(self, ID, Address, City, State, Zip, Deadline, Weight, Notes, Status, Deliverytime):
self.packageID = ID
self.packageAddress = Address
self.packageCity = City
self.packageState = State
self.packageZip = Zip
self.packageDeadline = Deadline
self.packageWeight = Weight
self.packageNotes = Notes
self.packageStatus = Status
self.deliveryTime = Deliverytime
#####################################################################################################################
def loadPackageData(fileName):
with open(fileName) as Package_List:
packageData = csv.reader(Package_List, delimiter=',')
for package in packageData:
pID = int(package[0])
pAddress = package[1]
pCity = package[2]
pState = package[3]
pZip = package[4]
pDeadline = package[5]
pWeight = package[6]
pNotes = package[7]
pStatus = "At hub"
pDeliverytime = "00:00"
#package object
p = Package(pID, pAddress, pCity, pState, pZip, pDeadline, pWeight, pNotes, pStatus, pDeliverytime)
#print (p)
# insert into the hash table
myHash.insert(pID, p)
# Hash table instance
myHash = hashtable()
# Load packages to Hashtable
loadPackageData('packageData.csv')
print("Packages from Hashtable:")
print(myHash.table)
# Fetch data from hashtable
#for i in range (len(myHash.table)+1):
# print("Package: {}".format(myHash.search(i+1))) # 1 to 40 sent to myHash.search()
当调用 print(myHash.table) 时，除了所有 40 个包之外，我得到的输出结构如下。
[[[40, <__main__.Package object at 0x000001E1489114C0>]], [[1, <__main__.Package object at 0x000001E148914220>]], [[2, <__main__.Package object at 0x000001E148911DF0>]], [[3, <__main__.Package object at 0x000001E148911D00>]]
我无法理解如何实现另一个 post 询问与我的项目类似的问题，所以我现在在这里。非常感谢大家的帮助！
在 Package class 中，您将编写一个 __repr__ 函数，该函数将 return 一个您想要的字符串。
您必须为 class 覆盖 __repr__ and __str__ 方法才能打印您需要的内容。
您可以通过其他方式添加自己的 human_readable-like 属性
class PackageA:
def __init__(self, ID, Address, City, State, Zip, Deadline, Weight, Notes, Status, Deliverytime):
self.packageID = ID
self.packageAddress = Address
self.packageCity = City
self.packageState = State
self.packageZip = Zip
self.packageDeadline = Deadline
self.packageWeight = Weight
self.packageNotes = Notes
self.packageStatus = Status
self.deliveryTime = Deliverytime
class PackageB:
def __init__(self, ID, Address, City, State, Zip, Deadline, Weight, Notes, Status, Deliverytime):
self.packageID = ID
self.packageAddress = Address
self.packageCity = City
self.packageState = State
self.packageZip = Zip
self.packageDeadline = Deadline
self.packageWeight = Weight
self.packageNotes = Notes
self.packageStatus = Status
self.deliveryTime = Deliverytime
def __str__(self):
return f'STR is <{self.packageID} {self.packageAddress} {self.packageCity} {self.packageState} {self.packageZip} {self.packageDeadline} {self.packageWeight} {self.packageNotes} {self.packageStatus} {self.deliveryTime}>'
def __repr__(self):
return f'REPR is <{self.packageID} {self.packageAddress} {self.packageCity} {self.packageState} {self.packageZip} {self.packageDeadline} {self.packageWeight} {self.packageNotes} {self.packageStatus} {self.deliveryTime}>'
@property
def human_readable(self):
return f'Readable representation is <{self.packageID} {self.packageAddress} {self.packageCity} {self.packageState} {self.packageZip} {self.packageDeadline} {self.packageWeight} {self.packageNotes} {self.packageStatus} {self.deliveryTime}>'
packagesA = []
packagesB = []
for i in range(0,3):
packagesA.append(PackageA(f"ID{i}", f"Address{i}", f"City{i}", f"State{i}", f"Zip{i}", f"Deadline{i}", f"Weight{i}", f"Notes{i}", f"Status{i}", f"Deliverytime{i}"))
packagesB.append(PackageB(f"ID{i}", f"Address{i}", f"City{i}", f"State{i}", f"Zip{i}", f"Deadline{i}", f"Weight{i}", f"Notes{i}", f"Status{i}", f"Deliverytime{i}"))
print(packagesA)
print("--")
print(packagesB)
print("--")
print([str(x) for x in packagesB])
print("--")
print([x.human_readable for x in packagesB])
输出：
[<__main__.PackageA object at 0x104ca0710>, <__main__.PackageA object at 0x104ca0a90>, <__main__.PackageA object at 0x104ca0e10>]
--
[REPR is <ID0 Address0 City0 State0 Zip0 Deadline0 Weight0 Notes0 Status0 Deliverytime0>, REPR is <ID1 Address1 City1 State1 Zip1 Deadline1 Weight1 Notes1 Status1 Deliverytime1>, REPR is <ID2 Address2 City2 State2 Zip2 Deadline2 Weight2 Notes2 Status2 Deliverytime2>]
--
['STR is <ID0 Address0 City0 State0 Zip0 Deadline0 Weight0 Notes0 Status0 Deliverytime0>', 'STR is <ID1 Address1 City1 State1 Zip1 Deadline1 Weight1 Notes1 Status1 Deliverytime1>', 'STR is <ID2 Address2 City2 State2 Zip2 Deadline2 Weight2 Notes2 Status2 Deliverytime2>']
--
['Readeable representation is <ID0 Address0 City0 State0 Zip0 Deadline0 Weight0 Notes0 Status0 Deliverytime0>', 'Readeable representation is <ID1 Address1 City1 State1 Zip1 Deadline1 Weight1 Notes1 Status1 Deliverytime1>', 'Readeable representation is <ID2 Address2 City2 State2 Zip2 Deadline2 Weight2 Notes2 Status2 Deliverytime2>']
在这种情况下，它打印 python 个对象，默认 __repr__() 打印 classname<memory location>。您可能想要编写一个自定义 __repr__()，其中 returns 您想要显示的数据的字符串。
所以在你的情况下你可能想做这样的事情：
class Package:
def __init__(self, ID, Address, City, State, Zip, Deadline, Weight, Notes, Status, Deliverytime):
self.packageID = ID
self.packageAddress = Address
self.packageCity = City
self.packageState = State
self.packageZip = Zip
self.packageDeadline = Deadline
self.packageWeight = Weight
self.packageNotes = Notes
self.packageStatus = Status
self.deliveryTime = Deliverytime
def __repr__(self):
# Creates a list of lists where [value, attribute]
attributes = [[getattr(self, attr), attr] for attr in dir(self) if not attr.startswith("__")]
# Start result string with classname
result = "Package("
for attribute in attributes:
result += f"{attribute[1]}= {attribute[0]},"
result+=")"
return result
print(Package(1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1)) # prints Package(deliveryTime= 1,packageAddress= 1,packageCity= 1,packageDeadline= 1,packageID= 1,packageNotes= 1,packageState= 1,packageStatus= 1,packageWeight= 1,packageZip= 1,)
这是一个非常快速和肮脏的实现，您可以清理得更快并完全按照您的意愿进行操作，但基本上它会遍历 class 并遍历每个非 dunder（从 [=14 开始） =]) 属性，然后为 class.
中的每个属性创建一个classname(attribute=value,) 形式的字符串
看看你的 class 你也可以使用 dataclasses module because you have so many attributes, but since I don't know the types I can't give you a solution, or use a namedtuple。所有这些都内置了 __repr__() 功能。