如何动态更新现有的 seaborn 热图数据
How to dynamicly update existing seaborn heatmap data
我正在用 PyQt5 构建一个应用程序。我想使用 seaborn 可视化矩阵并在矩阵数据更改时更新 seaborn 创建的热图。我这样创建原始图：
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import numpy as np
import seaborn as sns
class MplWidget_pcolormesh(QWidget):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
QWidget.__init__(self, parent)
self.canvas = FigureCanvas(Figure())
self.clb = []
self.plot = []
vertical_layout = QVBoxLayout()
vertical_layout.addWidget(self.canvas)
self.axes = self.canvas.figure.add_subplot(111)
self.setLayout(vertical_layout)
self.canvas.toolbar = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self)
self.layout().addWidget(self.canvas.toolbar)
self.layout().addWidget(self.canvas)
X = np.array([[0, 1], [1, 0]])
self.plot = sns.heatmap(X, cmap='PuBu', square=True, linewidth=0.1, linecolor=(0.1, 0.2, 0.2),
ax=self.axes, vmin=0, vmax=1)
这只会创建一个稍后更新的简单热图：
简单的热图开始于：
然后，在另一个 py 文件中，我想像这样更新它：
def matrixPlot(self, selected):
X = ... # generating new data
self.view.MplWidget.axes.clear()
self.view.MplWidget.plot = sns.heatmap(X, cmap='PuBu', square=True, linewidth=0.1, linecolor=(0.1, 0.2, 0.2),
ax=self.view.MplWidget.axes, vmin=0, vmax=1)
self.view.MplWidget.canvas.draw()
它确实更新了情节，但它总是重新生成颜色条：
几次更新后的热图：
现在我尝试保存轴对象，这样我就可以更新它们，但是当我尝试像这样创建子图时：
fig, (ax, cbarax) = self.axes = self.canvas.figure.add_subplot(111)
我收到错误：
TypeError: cannot unpack non-iterable AxesSubplot object
我如何创建热图，以便稍后更新内容和颜色条值，而无需创建多个颜色条？
编辑 (@eyllanesc):
您可以通过构建此项目获得相同的结果：
simpleMatrixGUI.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'simpleMatrixGUI.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.15.4
#
# WARNING: Any manual changes made to this file will be lost when pyuic5 is
# run again. Do not edit this file unless you know what you are doing.
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
class Ui_MainWindow(object):
def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
MainWindow.resize(800, 600)
self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
self.verticalLayout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.centralwidget)
self.verticalLayout.setObjectName("verticalLayout")
self.MplWidget = MplWidget(self.centralwidget)
self.MplWidget.setObjectName("MplWidget")
self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.MplWidget)
self.randMatrixGenerator = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
self.randMatrixGenerator.setObjectName("randMatrixGenerator")
self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.randMatrixGenerator)
MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 800, 26))
self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)
self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)
def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
_translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
self.randMatrixGenerator.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Generate new"))
from mplwidget import MplWidget
Windows.py
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow
from simpleMatrixGUI import Ui_MainWindow
class MainWindow(QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super().__init__(parent)
self.setupUi(self)
Main.py
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication
from MainPresenter import MainPresenter
from Windows import MainWindow
if __name__ == '__main__':
# Create the application (with optional system arguments)
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
# Create model, view and presenter objects
model = None
view = MainWindow()
presenter = MainPresenter(view=view, model=model)
# Start the main app event loop
exit_code = app.exec_()
# Perform system exit to safely quit (relay the app exit code)
sys.exit(exit_code)
mplwidget.py
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import (FigureCanvasQTAgg as
FigureCanvas, NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar)
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import numpy as np
import seaborn as sns
class MplWidget(QWidget):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
QWidget.__init__(self, parent)
self.canvas = FigureCanvas(Figure())
self.clb = []
self.plot = []
vertical_layout = QVBoxLayout()
vertical_layout.addWidget(self.canvas)
self.axes = self.canvas.figure.add_subplot(111)
self.setLayout(vertical_layout)
self.canvas.toolbar = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self)
self.layout().addWidget(self.canvas.toolbar)
self.layout().addWidget(self.canvas)
X = np.random.randn(10, 8)
self.plot = sns.heatmap(X, cmap='PuBu', square=True, linewidth=0.1, linecolor=(0.1, 0.2, 0.2),
ax=self.axes, vmin=np.min(X), vmax=np.max(X))
MainPresenter.py
from typing import Optional
import numpy as np
from Windows import MainWindow
import seaborn as sns
class MainPresenter:
def __init__(self, view: MainWindow, model: Optional[int] = None):
self.view = view
self.model = model
self.view.show()
view.randMatrixGenerator.clicked.connect(self.matrixPlot)
def matrixPlot(self, selected):
X = np.random.randn(10,8)
self.view.MplWidget.axes.clear()
self.view.MplWidget.plot = sns.heatmap(X, cmap='PuBu', square=True, linewidth=0.1, linecolor=(0.1, 0.2, 0.2),
ax=self.view.MplWidget.axes, vmin=np.min(X), vmax=np.max(X))
self.view.MplWidget.canvas.draw()
您可以这样创建颜色条轴：
grid_kws = {'width_ratios': (0.9, 0.05), 'wspace': 0.2}
fig, (ax, cbar_ax) = plt.subplots(1, 2, gridspec_kw = grid_kws, figsize = (10, 8))
然后，您可以将 cbar_ax 传递给 sns.heatmap:
sns.heatmap(ax = ax, cbar_ax = cbar_ax, ...)
查看 作为参考。
编辑
如果您将上述概念应用到您的文件中，则需要以这种方式编辑它们：
mplwidget.py
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import (FigureCanvasQTAgg as
FigureCanvas, NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar)
import numpy as np
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
class MplWidget(QWidget):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
QWidget.__init__(self, parent)
grid_kws = {'width_ratios': (0.9, 0.05), 'wspace': 0.2}
self.figure, (self.axes, self.cbar_ax) = plt.subplots(1, 2, gridspec_kw = grid_kws, figsize = (10, 8))
self.canvas = FigureCanvas(self.figure)
self.clb = []
self.plot = []
vertical_layout = QVBoxLayout()
vertical_layout.addWidget(self.canvas)
self.setLayout(vertical_layout)
self.canvas.toolbar = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self)
self.layout().addWidget(self.canvas.toolbar)
self.layout().addWidget(self.canvas)
X = np.random.randn(10, 8)
self.plot = sns.heatmap(X, cmap='PuBu', square=True, linewidth=0.1, linecolor=(0.1, 0.2, 0.2),
ax=self.axes, vmin=np.min(X), vmax=np.max(X), cbar_ax = self.cbar_ax)
MainPresenter.py
from typing import Optional
import numpy as np
from Windows import MainWindow
import seaborn as sns
class MainPresenter:
def __init__(self, view: MainWindow, model: Optional[int] = None):
self.view = view
self.model = model
self.view.show()
view.randMatrixGenerator.clicked.connect(self.matrixPlot)
def matrixPlot(self, selected):
X = np.random.randn(10,8)
self.view.MplWidget.axes.clear()
self.view.MplWidget.plot = sns.heatmap(X, cmap='PuBu', square=True, linewidth=0.1, linecolor=(0.1, 0.2, 0.2),
ax=self.view.MplWidget.axes, vmin=np.min(X), vmax=np.max(X), cbar_ax = self.view.MplWidget.cbar_ax)
self.view.MplWidget.canvas.draw()
我正在用 PyQt5 构建一个应用程序。我想使用 seaborn 可视化矩阵并在矩阵数据更改时更新 seaborn 创建的热图。我这样创建原始图：
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import numpy as np
import seaborn as sns
class MplWidget_pcolormesh(QWidget):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
QWidget.__init__(self, parent)
self.canvas = FigureCanvas(Figure())
self.clb = []
self.plot = []
vertical_layout = QVBoxLayout()
vertical_layout.addWidget(self.canvas)
self.axes = self.canvas.figure.add_subplot(111)
self.setLayout(vertical_layout)
self.canvas.toolbar = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self)
self.layout().addWidget(self.canvas.toolbar)
self.layout().addWidget(self.canvas)
X = np.array([[0, 1], [1, 0]])
self.plot = sns.heatmap(X, cmap='PuBu', square=True, linewidth=0.1, linecolor=(0.1, 0.2, 0.2),
ax=self.axes, vmin=0, vmax=1)
这只会创建一个稍后更新的简单热图：
简单的热图开始于：
然后，在另一个 py 文件中，我想像这样更新它：
def matrixPlot(self, selected):
X = ... # generating new data
self.view.MplWidget.axes.clear()
self.view.MplWidget.plot = sns.heatmap(X, cmap='PuBu', square=True, linewidth=0.1, linecolor=(0.1, 0.2, 0.2),
ax=self.view.MplWidget.axes, vmin=0, vmax=1)
self.view.MplWidget.canvas.draw()
它确实更新了情节，但它总是重新生成颜色条：
几次更新后的热图：
现在我尝试保存轴对象，这样我就可以更新它们，但是当我尝试像这样创建子图时：
fig, (ax, cbarax) = self.axes = self.canvas.figure.add_subplot(111)
我收到错误：
TypeError: cannot unpack non-iterable AxesSubplot object
我如何创建热图，以便稍后更新内容和颜色条值，而无需创建多个颜色条？
编辑 (@eyllanesc):
您可以通过构建此项目获得相同的结果：
simpleMatrixGUI.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'simpleMatrixGUI.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.15.4
#
# WARNING: Any manual changes made to this file will be lost when pyuic5 is
# run again. Do not edit this file unless you know what you are doing.
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
class Ui_MainWindow(object):
def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
MainWindow.resize(800, 600)
self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
self.verticalLayout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.centralwidget)
self.verticalLayout.setObjectName("verticalLayout")
self.MplWidget = MplWidget(self.centralwidget)
self.MplWidget.setObjectName("MplWidget")
self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.MplWidget)
self.randMatrixGenerator = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
self.randMatrixGenerator.setObjectName("randMatrixGenerator")
self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.randMatrixGenerator)
MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 800, 26))
self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)
self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)
def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
_translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
self.randMatrixGenerator.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Generate new"))
from mplwidget import MplWidget
Windows.py
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow
from simpleMatrixGUI import Ui_MainWindow
class MainWindow(QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super().__init__(parent)
self.setupUi(self)
Main.py
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication
from MainPresenter import MainPresenter
from Windows import MainWindow
if __name__ == '__main__':
# Create the application (with optional system arguments)
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
# Create model, view and presenter objects
model = None
view = MainWindow()
presenter = MainPresenter(view=view, model=model)
# Start the main app event loop
exit_code = app.exec_()
# Perform system exit to safely quit (relay the app exit code)
sys.exit(exit_code)
mplwidget.py
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import (FigureCanvasQTAgg as
FigureCanvas, NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar)
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import numpy as np
import seaborn as sns
class MplWidget(QWidget):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
QWidget.__init__(self, parent)
self.canvas = FigureCanvas(Figure())
self.clb = []
self.plot = []
vertical_layout = QVBoxLayout()
vertical_layout.addWidget(self.canvas)
self.axes = self.canvas.figure.add_subplot(111)
self.setLayout(vertical_layout)
self.canvas.toolbar = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self)
self.layout().addWidget(self.canvas.toolbar)
self.layout().addWidget(self.canvas)
X = np.random.randn(10, 8)
self.plot = sns.heatmap(X, cmap='PuBu', square=True, linewidth=0.1, linecolor=(0.1, 0.2, 0.2),
ax=self.axes, vmin=np.min(X), vmax=np.max(X))
MainPresenter.py
from typing import Optional
import numpy as np
from Windows import MainWindow
import seaborn as sns
class MainPresenter:
def __init__(self, view: MainWindow, model: Optional[int] = None):
self.view = view
self.model = model
self.view.show()
view.randMatrixGenerator.clicked.connect(self.matrixPlot)
def matrixPlot(self, selected):
X = np.random.randn(10,8)
self.view.MplWidget.axes.clear()
self.view.MplWidget.plot = sns.heatmap(X, cmap='PuBu', square=True, linewidth=0.1, linecolor=(0.1, 0.2, 0.2),
ax=self.view.MplWidget.axes, vmin=np.min(X), vmax=np.max(X))
self.view.MplWidget.canvas.draw()
您可以这样创建颜色条轴：
grid_kws = {'width_ratios': (0.9, 0.05), 'wspace': 0.2}
fig, (ax, cbar_ax) = plt.subplots(1, 2, gridspec_kw = grid_kws, figsize = (10, 8))
然后，您可以将 cbar_ax 传递给 sns.heatmap:
sns.heatmap(ax = ax, cbar_ax = cbar_ax, ...)
查看
编辑
如果您将上述概念应用到您的文件中，则需要以这种方式编辑它们：
mplwidget.py
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import (FigureCanvasQTAgg as
FigureCanvas, NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar)
import numpy as np
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
class MplWidget(QWidget):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
QWidget.__init__(self, parent)
grid_kws = {'width_ratios': (0.9, 0.05), 'wspace': 0.2}
self.figure, (self.axes, self.cbar_ax) = plt.subplots(1, 2, gridspec_kw = grid_kws, figsize = (10, 8))
self.canvas = FigureCanvas(self.figure)
self.clb = []
self.plot = []
vertical_layout = QVBoxLayout()
vertical_layout.addWidget(self.canvas)
self.setLayout(vertical_layout)
self.canvas.toolbar = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self)
self.layout().addWidget(self.canvas.toolbar)
self.layout().addWidget(self.canvas)
X = np.random.randn(10, 8)
self.plot = sns.heatmap(X, cmap='PuBu', square=True, linewidth=0.1, linecolor=(0.1, 0.2, 0.2),
ax=self.axes, vmin=np.min(X), vmax=np.max(X), cbar_ax = self.cbar_ax)
MainPresenter.py
from typing import Optional
import numpy as np
from Windows import MainWindow
import seaborn as sns
class MainPresenter:
def __init__(self, view: MainWindow, model: Optional[int] = None):
self.view = view
self.model = model
self.view.show()
view.randMatrixGenerator.clicked.connect(self.matrixPlot)
def matrixPlot(self, selected):
X = np.random.randn(10,8)
self.view.MplWidget.axes.clear()
self.view.MplWidget.plot = sns.heatmap(X, cmap='PuBu', square=True, linewidth=0.1, linecolor=(0.1, 0.2, 0.2),
ax=self.view.MplWidget.axes, vmin=np.min(X), vmax=np.max(X), cbar_ax = self.view.MplWidget.cbar_ax)
self.view.MplWidget.canvas.draw()