ActiveRecord has_one 其中关联模型有两个 belongs_to 关联

ActiveRecord has_one where associated model has two belongs_to associations

我有两个以这种方式相互关联的 ActiveRecord 模型:

class Address < ApplicationRecord
  has_one :user, class_name: User.name
end

class User < ApplicationRecord
  belongs_to :home_address, class_name: Address.name
  belongs_to :work_address, class_name: Address.name
end

用户 -> 地址关联工作正常:

home_address = Address.new
#=> <Address id:1>

work_address = Address.new
#=> <Address id:2>

user = User.create!(home_address: home_address, work_address: work_address)
#=> <User id:1, home_address_id: 1, work_address_id: 2>

user.home_address
#=> <Address id:1>

user.work_address
#=> <Address id:2>

我遇到的问题是让 Addresshas_one 正常工作。起初我得到一个错误 User#address_id does not exist,这是有道理的,因为那不是外键字段的名称。它将是 home_address_idwork_address_id(并且我通过迁移添加了这些 FK)。但是我不确定如何让它知道要使用哪个地址,直到我了解到您可以将范围传递到 has_one 声明中:

class Address < ApplicationRecord
  has_one :user,
    ->(address) { where(home_address_id: address.id).or(where(work_address_id: address.id)) },
    class_name: User.name
end

但是这个 returns 和以前一样的错误:Caused by PG::UndefinedColumn: ERROR: column users.address_id does not exist。这令人困惑,因为我在那个范围内的任何地方都没有声明我正在查看 address_id。我猜 has_one 隐式地具有 :address_id 的 foreign_key,但我不知道如何设置它,因为技术上有两个,:home_address_id 和 :work_address_id.

我觉得我离这里很近 - 我该如何解决这个 has_one 关联?

更新

我的直觉告诉我这里的解决方案是创建一个 user 方法来执行我正在寻找的查询 运行,而不是声明 has_one。如果 has_one 支持此功能,那就太好了,但如果不支持,我会回退到那个。

class Address < ApplicationRecord
  def user
    User.find_by("home_address_id = ? OR work_address_id = ?", id, id)
  end
end

解决方案

感谢下方的@max!我最终根据他的回答找到了解决方案。我还使用 Enumerize gem,它将在 Address 模型中发挥作用。

class AddAddressTypeToAddresses < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.2]
  add_column :addresses, :address_type, :string
end
class User < ApplicationRecord
  has_many :addresses, class_name: Address.name, dependent: :destroy
  has_one :home_address, -> { Address.home.order(created_at: :desc) }, class_name: Address.name
  has_one :work_address, -> { Address.work.order(created_at: :desc) }, class_name: Address.name
end

class Address < ApplicationRecord
  extend Enumerize

  TYPE_HOME = 'home'
  TYPE_WORK = 'work'
  TYPES = [TYPE_HOME, TYPE_WORK]

  enumerize :address_type, in: TYPES, scope: :shallow
  # Shallow scope allows us to call Address.home or Address.work

  validates_uniqueness_of :address_type, scope: :user_id, if: -> { address_type == TYPE_WORK }
  # I only want work address to be unique per user - it's ok if they enter multiple home addresses, we'll just retrieve the latest one. Unique to my use case.
end

Rails 中的每个关联只能有一个外键,因为根据 SQL 而言,您需要的是:

JOINS users 
ON users.home_address_id = addresses.id OR users.work_address_id = addresses.id

使用 lambda 为关联添加默认作用域在这里不起作用,因为 ActiveRecord 实际上不会让您胡乱思考它在关联级别上的加入方式。如果您考虑它生成了多少不同的查询以及该功能会导致的边缘情况的数量,这是完全可以理解的。

如果你真的想在你的用户身上找到两个不同的外键 table 你可以用单一 Table 继承来解决它:

class AddTypeToAddresses < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.1]
  def change
    add_column :addresses, :type, :string
  end
end
class User < ApplicationRecord
  belongs_to :home_address, class_name: 'HomeAddress'
  belongs_to :work_address, class_name: 'WorkAddress'
end
class HomeAddress < Address
  has_one :user, foreign_key: :home_address_id
end
class WorkAddress < Address
  has_one :user, foreign_key: :work_address_id
end

但我会将外键放在另一个 table 上并使用一对多关联:

class Address < ApplicationRecord
  belongs_to :user
end
class User < ApplicationRecord
  has_many :addresses
end

这让您可以根据需要添加任意数量的地址类型,而不会让您的用户感到厌烦 table。

如果您想将用户限制为一个家庭地址和一个工作地址,您可以这样做:

class AddTypeToAddresses < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.1]
  def change
    add_column :addresses, :address_type, :integer, index: true, default: 0
    add_index :addresses, [:user_id, :address_type], unique: true
  end
end
class Address < ApplicationRecord
  belongs_to :user
  enum address_type: {
    home: 0,
    work: 1
  }
  validates_uniqueness_of :type, scope: :user_id
end    
class User < ApplicationRecord
  has_many :addresses
  has_one :home_address,
    -> { home },
    class_name: 'Address'
  has_one :work_address,
    -> { work },
    class_name: 'Address'
end