将变量从 bash 脚本传递到 Oracle SQL*Plus
Passing variables from bash script into Oracle SQL*Plus
我尝试了几种不同的方法（从这里和其他地方）但没有成功，希望你们中更有经验的人能够提供帮助。
这是我的shell脚本
read -p 'What is the ID? ' asnid
if [ -z "$asnid" ]
then
echo "ID is Empty"
exit
else
echo "ID, continuing to Date"
fi
read -p 'What is the Arrival Date? (Answer in DD-MM-YY format please!) ' date
if [[ $date =~ ^[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}$ ]]
then echo "Date $date is in valid format (DD-MM-YY)"
cd /go/to/path
sqlplus data/base@srvc @./sql.sql $asnid $date
else echo "Date $date is in an invalid format (not DD-MM-YY)"
exit
fi
然后是我的 .sql 声明
define asnid = &asnid
define date = &date
update table
set date = '&date'
where asnid = '&asnid';
COMMIT;
exit;
但是，这会再次询问我变量.. 例如;
Enter value for asnid:
我知道这很简单，但是什么！！
Oracle 11g，Bash 是 RHEL 6
您正在传递位置参数，因此将它们称为 &1 和 &2。如果您想在查询正文中使用更友好的名称，则只需更改这些名称的定义：
define asnid = &1
define date = "to_date('&2', 'DD-MM-RR')"
我已经包括 (a) 将第二个参数括在引号中，因为它需要被视为一个字符串，以及 (b) 将该字符串转换为实际日期。因为它有一个逗号，所以整个表达式也必须用双引号引起来。因此，您不需要 SQL 语句中的引号：
update table
set date = &date
where asnid = &asnid;
然后整个 to_date(...) 表达式将被替换到您的查询中，并嵌入传入的值；如果你 set verify on，你会看到这种情况发生，但你可能想要关闭它，除了测试。启用它后，脚本显示：
What is the ID? 42
ID, continuing to Date
What is the Arrival Date? (Answer in DD-MM-YY format please!) 01-09-21 Date 01-09-21 is in valid format (DD-MM-YY)
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Wed Aug 25 18:12:50 2021
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Last Successful login time: Wed Aug 25 2021 18:11:54 +01:00
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analytics, Real Application Testing and Unified Auditing options
old 2: set some_date = &date
new 2: set some_date = to_date('01-09-21', 'DD-MM-RR')
old 3: where asnid = &asnid
new 3: where asnid = 42
1 row updated.
Commit complete.
Disconnected from Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analytics, Real Application Testing and Unified Auditing options
（您可能还想将 -s 和 -l 标志添加到您的 sqlplus 调用中，以抑制横幅并在凭据错误时立即退出。 )
或者您可以保持 define 简单，并在语句中应用 to_date()：
define asnid = &1
define date = &2
update some_table
set some_date = to_date('&date', 'DD-MM-RR') where asnid = &asnid;
然后输出显示为：
old 2: set some_date = to_date('&date', 'DD-MM-RR')
new 2: set some_date = to_date('01-09-21', 'DD-MM-RR')
old 3: where asnid = &asnid
new 3: where asnid = 42
但如果您这样做，您不妨跳过 define，直接在声明中引用 &1 和 &2。
在这两种情况下，我都假设 &1 是一个数字。如果那实际上是一个字符串，那么也可以在语句或定义中将其括在引号中。
如果您有这个选项，您可能应该提示输入 4 位数年份的日期；可能是 ISO 格式 - 并且在 to_date().
中有匹配的格式
您也可以通过 SQL*Plus 通过 accept:
提示输入值来跳过（或最小化）shell 脚本
accept asnid number format 99999999 prompt "What is the ID? "
accept date date format 'DD-MM-RR' prompt "What is the Arrival Date? (Answer in DD-MM-YY format please!) "
update some_table
set some_date = to_date('&date', 'DD-MM-RR')
where asnid = &asnid;
然后不带参数调用它：
sqlplus data/base@srvc @/go/to/path/sql.sql
您会看到类似这样的内容，其中我使用了一些非值和无效值来演示：
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Wed Aug 25 18:24:28 2021
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Last Successful login time: Wed Aug 25 2021 18:24:02 +01:00
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analytics, Real Application Testing and Unified Auditing options
What is the ID?
SP2-0598: "" does not match input format "99999999"
What is the ID? 42
What is the Arrival Date? (Answer in DD-MM-YY format please!)
SP2-0685: The date "" is invalid or format mismatched "DD-MM-RR"
What is the Arrival Date? (Answer in DD-MM-YY format please!) 31-09-21
SP2-0685: The date "31-09-21" is invalid or format mismatched "DD-MM-RR"
What is the Arrival Date? (Answer in DD-MM-YY format please!) 30-09-21
old 2: set some_date = to_date('&date', 'DD-MM-RR')
new 2: set some_date = to_date('30-09-21', 'DD-MM-RR')
old 3: where asnid = &asnid
new 3: where asnid = 42
1 row updated.
Commit complete.
Disconnected from Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analytics, Real Application Testing and Unified Auditing options
这将允许 Oracle 愿意使用该格式掩码转换的日期字符串，因此它允许您输入“01-Sep-21”。如果你不想要那个，那么制作格式掩码 'FXDD-MM-RR'。 （但是，再次考虑使用 4 位数的年份和明确的格式...）
我尝试了几种不同的方法（从这里和其他地方）但没有成功，希望你们中更有经验的人能够提供帮助。
这是我的shell脚本
read -p 'What is the ID? ' asnid
if [ -z "$asnid" ]
then
echo "ID is Empty"
exit
else
echo "ID, continuing to Date"
fi
read -p 'What is the Arrival Date? (Answer in DD-MM-YY format please!) ' date
if [[ $date =~ ^[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}$ ]]
then echo "Date $date is in valid format (DD-MM-YY)"
cd /go/to/path
sqlplus data/base@srvc @./sql.sql $asnid $date
else echo "Date $date is in an invalid format (not DD-MM-YY)"
exit
fi
然后是我的 .sql 声明
define asnid = &asnid
define date = &date
update table
set date = '&date'
where asnid = '&asnid';
COMMIT;
exit;
但是，这会再次询问我变量.. 例如;
Enter value for asnid:
我知道这很简单，但是什么！！
Oracle 11g，Bash 是 RHEL 6
您正在传递位置参数，因此将它们称为 &1 和 &2。如果您想在查询正文中使用更友好的名称，则只需更改这些名称的定义：
define asnid = &1
define date = "to_date('&2', 'DD-MM-RR')"
我已经包括 (a) 将第二个参数括在引号中，因为它需要被视为一个字符串，以及 (b) 将该字符串转换为实际日期。因为它有一个逗号，所以整个表达式也必须用双引号引起来。因此，您不需要 SQL 语句中的引号：
update table
set date = &date
where asnid = &asnid;
然后整个 to_date(...) 表达式将被替换到您的查询中，并嵌入传入的值；如果你 set verify on，你会看到这种情况发生，但你可能想要关闭它，除了测试。启用它后，脚本显示：
What is the ID? 42
ID, continuing to Date
What is the Arrival Date? (Answer in DD-MM-YY format please!) 01-09-21 Date 01-09-21 is in valid format (DD-MM-YY)
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Wed Aug 25 18:12:50 2021
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Last Successful login time: Wed Aug 25 2021 18:11:54 +01:00
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analytics, Real Application Testing and Unified Auditing options
old 2: set some_date = &date
new 2: set some_date = to_date('01-09-21', 'DD-MM-RR')
old 3: where asnid = &asnid
new 3: where asnid = 42
1 row updated.
Commit complete.
Disconnected from Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analytics, Real Application Testing and Unified Auditing options
（您可能还想将 -s 和 -l 标志添加到您的 sqlplus 调用中，以抑制横幅并在凭据错误时立即退出。 )
或者您可以保持 define 简单，并在语句中应用 to_date()：
define asnid = &1
define date = &2
update some_table
set some_date = to_date('&date', 'DD-MM-RR') where asnid = &asnid;
然后输出显示为：
old 2: set some_date = to_date('&date', 'DD-MM-RR')
new 2: set some_date = to_date('01-09-21', 'DD-MM-RR')
old 3: where asnid = &asnid
new 3: where asnid = 42
但如果您这样做，您不妨跳过 define，直接在声明中引用 &1 和 &2。
在这两种情况下，我都假设 &1 是一个数字。如果那实际上是一个字符串，那么也可以在语句或定义中将其括在引号中。
如果您有这个选项，您可能应该提示输入 4 位数年份的日期；可能是 ISO 格式 - 并且在 to_date().
您也可以通过 SQL*Plus 通过 accept:
accept asnid number format 99999999 prompt "What is the ID? "
accept date date format 'DD-MM-RR' prompt "What is the Arrival Date? (Answer in DD-MM-YY format please!) "
update some_table
set some_date = to_date('&date', 'DD-MM-RR')
where asnid = &asnid;
然后不带参数调用它：
sqlplus data/base@srvc @/go/to/path/sql.sql
您会看到类似这样的内容，其中我使用了一些非值和无效值来演示：
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Wed Aug 25 18:24:28 2021
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Last Successful login time: Wed Aug 25 2021 18:24:02 +01:00
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analytics, Real Application Testing and Unified Auditing options
What is the ID?
SP2-0598: "" does not match input format "99999999"
What is the ID? 42
What is the Arrival Date? (Answer in DD-MM-YY format please!)
SP2-0685: The date "" is invalid or format mismatched "DD-MM-RR"
What is the Arrival Date? (Answer in DD-MM-YY format please!) 31-09-21
SP2-0685: The date "31-09-21" is invalid or format mismatched "DD-MM-RR"
What is the Arrival Date? (Answer in DD-MM-YY format please!) 30-09-21
old 2: set some_date = to_date('&date', 'DD-MM-RR')
new 2: set some_date = to_date('30-09-21', 'DD-MM-RR')
old 3: where asnid = &asnid
new 3: where asnid = 42
1 row updated.
Commit complete.
Disconnected from Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analytics, Real Application Testing and Unified Auditing options
这将允许 Oracle 愿意使用该格式掩码转换的日期字符串，因此它允许您输入“01-Sep-21”。如果你不想要那个，那么制作格式掩码 'FXDD-MM-RR'。 （但是，再次考虑使用 4 位数的年份和明确的格式...）