如何在 intelliJ 中选择网络应用程序版本？
How can I choose web-app version in intelliJ?
我想部署我一直在创建的 Web 应用程序，但它显示 工件 onlineShop:war：工件部署期间出错。有关详细信息，请参阅服务器日志。
我在 google 中读到将网络应用程序版本从 4.0（自动生成）更改为 3.1，但仍然没有结果。
这是 web.xml 文件，网络应用程序的标签：
`<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1">`
还使用了依赖项：
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>4.0.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.primefaces/primefaces -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.primefaces</groupId>
<artifactId>primefaces</artifactId>
<version>10.0.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sun.faces</groupId>
<artifactId>jsf-impl</artifactId>
<version>2.2.15</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sun.faces</groupId>
<artifactId>jsf-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2.15</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.26</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.6.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.enterprise</groupId>
<artifactId>cdi-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
</dependency>
部署错误：
"C:\Program Files\Java\apache-tomcat-9.0.52\bin\catalina.bat" run
[2021-08-26 12:06:14,650] Artifact onlineShop:war: Waiting for server connection to start artifact deployment...
Using CATALINA_BASE: "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\JetBrains\IntelliJIdea2021.2\tomcate59939-d716-434b-a492-c9721f8ca335"
Using CATALINA_HOME: "C:\Program Files\Java\apache-tomcat-9.0.52"
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: "C:\Program Files\Java\apache-tomcat-9.0.52\temp"
Using JRE_HOME: "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_281"
Using CLASSPATH: "C:\Program Files\Java\apache-tomcat-9.0.52\bin\bootstrap.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\apache-tomcat-9.0.52\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"
Using CATALINA_OPTS: ""
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.483 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version name: Apache Tomcat/9.0.52
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.489 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server built: Jul 31 2021 04:12:17 UTC
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.489 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version number: 9.0.52.0
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.489 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Name: Windows 10
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.489 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Version: 10.0
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.489 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Architecture: amd64
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.489 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Java Home: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_281\jre
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.489 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Version: 1.8.0_281-b09
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.489 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.489 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_BASE: C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\JetBrains\IntelliJIdea2021.2\tomcate59939-d716-434b-a492-c9721f8ca335
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.489 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_HOME: C:\Program Files\Java\apache-tomcat-9.0.52
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.489 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.config.file=C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\JetBrains\IntelliJIdea2021.2\tomcate59939-d716-434b-a492-c9721f8ca335\conf\logging.properties
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.489 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.489 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote=
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.489 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=1099
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.490 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.490 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.password.file=C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\JetBrains\IntelliJIdea2021.2\tomcate59939-d716-434b-a492-c9721f8ca335\jmxremote.password
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.490 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.access.file=C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\JetBrains\IntelliJIdea2021.2\tomcate59939-d716-434b-a492-c9721f8ca335\jmxremote.access
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.490 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.rmi.server.hostname=127.0.0.1
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.490 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.490 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.490 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dignore.endorsed.dirs=
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.490 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.base=C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\JetBrains\IntelliJIdea2021.2\tomcate59939-d716-434b-a492-c9721f8ca335
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.490 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.home=C:\Program Files\Java\apache-tomcat-9.0.52
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.490 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.io.tmpdir=C:\Program Files\Java\apache-tomcat-9.0.52\temp
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.494 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent The Apache Tomcat Native library which allows using OpenSSL was not found on the java.library.path: [C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_281\bin;C:\WINDOWS\Sun\Java\bin;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\Program Files\Common Files\Oracle\Java\javapath;C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Oracle\Java\javapath;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\WINDOWS\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\WINDOWS\System32\OpenSSH\;C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\Client SDK\ODBC0\Tools\Binn\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server0\Tools\Binn\;C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server0\Tools\Binn\;C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server0\DTS\Binn\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server0\DTS\Binn\;C:\xampp\php;C:\ProgramData\ComposerSetup\bin;C:\Program Files\nodejs\;C:\HashiCorp\Vagrant\bin;C:\Program Files\Git\cmd;C:\Program Files\dotnet\;C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server0\Tools\Binn\;%JAVA_HOME\bin%;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_281\bin;.]
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.796 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.811 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load Server initialization in [497] milliseconds
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.833 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal Starting service [Catalina]
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.834 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.52]
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.843 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.854 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start Server startup in [42] milliseconds
Connected to server
[2021-08-26 12:06:16,267] Artifact onlineShop:war: Artifact is being deployed, please wait...
26-Aug-2021 00:06:16.326 SEVERE [RMI TCP Connection(3)-127.0.0.1] org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.beforeStart Exception fixing docBase for context [/onlineShop_war]
java.io.IOException: Unable to create the directory [C:\Program Files\Java\apache-tomcat-9.0.52\webapps\onlineShop_war]
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ExpandWar.expand(ExpandWar.java:116)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.fixDocBase(ContextConfig.java:820)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.beforeStart(ContextConfig.java:959)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:305)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:123)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.setStateInternal(LifecycleBase.java:423)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:182)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:726)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:698)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:696)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.manageApp(HostConfig.java:1783)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:293)
at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)
at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)
at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:460)
at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:408)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:293)
at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)
at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)
at com.sun.jmx.remote.security.MBeanServerAccessController.invoke(MBeanServerAccessController.java:468)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1468)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.access0(RMIConnectionImpl.java:76)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl$PrivilegedOperation.run(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1309)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doPrivilegedOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1408)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.invoke(RMIConnectionImpl.java:829)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at sun.rmi.server.UnicastServerRef.dispatch(UnicastServerRef.java:357)
at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.run(Transport.java:200)
at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.run(Transport.java:197)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.serviceCall(Transport.java:196)
at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport.handleMessages(TCPTransport.java:573)
at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run0(TCPTransport.java:834)
at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.lambda$run[=12=](TCPTransport.java:688)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run(TCPTransport.java:687)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
26-Aug-2021 00:06:17.238 SEVERE [RMI TCP Connection(3)-127.0.0.1] org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processServletContainerInitializers Failed to detect ServletContainerInitializers for context with name [/onlineShop_war]
java.nio.file.AccessDeniedException: C:\Program Files\Java\apache-tomcat-9.0.52\temp\jar_cache186368841853534707.tmp
at sun.nio.fs.WindowsException.translateToIOException(WindowsException.java:83)
at sun.nio.fs.WindowsException.rethrowAsIOException(WindowsException.java:97)
at sun.nio.fs.WindowsException.rethrowAsIOException(WindowsException.java:102)
at sun.nio.fs.WindowsFileSystemProvider.newByteChannel(WindowsFileSystemProvider.java:230)
at java.nio.file.Files.newByteChannel(Files.java:361)
at java.nio.file.Files.createFile(Files.java:632)
at java.nio.file.TempFileHelper.create(TempFileHelper.java:138)
at java.nio.file.TempFileHelper.createTempFile(TempFileHelper.java:161)
at java.nio.file.Files.createTempFile(Files.java:897)
at sun.net.www.protocol.jar.URLJarFile.run(URLJarFile.java:218)
at sun.net.www.protocol.jar.URLJarFile.run(URLJarFile.java:216)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at sun.net.www.protocol.jar.URLJarFile.retrieve(URLJarFile.java:215)
at sun.net.www.protocol.jar.URLJarFile.getJarFile(URLJarFile.java:71)
at sun.net.www.protocol.jar.JarFileFactory.get(JarFileFactory.java:191)
at sun.net.www.protocol.jar.JarFileFactory.getOrCreate(JarFileFactory.java:91)
at sun.net.www.protocol.jar.JarURLConnection.connect(JarURLConnection.java:129)
at sun.net.www.protocol.jar.JarURLConnection.getInputStream(JarURLConnection.java:172)
at java.net.URL.openStream(URL.java:1067)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.WebappServiceLoader.parseConfigFile(WebappServiceLoader.java:202)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.WebappServiceLoader.load(WebappServiceLoader.java:155)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processServletContainerInitializers(ContextConfig.java:1840)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.webConfig(ContextConfig.java:1298)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.configureStart(ContextConfig.java:986)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:303)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:123)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5135)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:726)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:698)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:696)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.manageApp(HostConfig.java:1783)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:293)
at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)
at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)
at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:460)
at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:408)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:293)
at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)
at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)
at com.sun.jmx.remote.security.MBeanServerAccessController.invoke(MBeanServerAccessController.java:468)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1468)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.access0(RMIConnectionImpl.java:76)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl$PrivilegedOperation.run(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1309)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doPrivilegedOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1408)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.invoke(RMIConnectionImpl.java:829)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at sun.rmi.server.UnicastServerRef.dispatch(UnicastServerRef.java:357)
at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.run(Transport.java:200)
at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.run(Transport.java:197)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.serviceCall(Transport.java:196)
at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport.handleMessages(TCPTransport.java:573)
at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run0(TCPTransport.java:834)
at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.lambda$run[=12=](TCPTransport.java:688)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run(TCPTransport.java:687)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
26-Aug-2021 00:06:17.241 SEVERE [RMI TCP Connection(3)-127.0.0.1] org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.configureStart Marking this application unavailable due to previous error(s)
26-Aug-2021 00:06:17.246 SEVERE [RMI TCP Connection(3)-127.0.0.1] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal One or more components marked the context as not correctly configured
26-Aug-2021 00:06:17.248 SEVERE [RMI TCP Connection(3)-127.0.0.1] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal Context [/onlineShop_war] startup failed due to previous errors
[2021-08-26 12:06:17,258] Artifact onlineShop:war: Error during artifact deployment. See server log for details.
26-Aug-2021 00:06:25.845 INFO [Catalina-utility-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [C:\Program Files\Java\apache-tomcat-9.0.52\webapps\manager]
26-Aug-2021 00:06:25.949 INFO [Catalina-utility-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [C:\Program Files\Java\apache-tomcat-9.0.52\webapps\manager] has finished in [105] ms
注意：我正在使用 Tomcat 9.0.52!
正如我在评论中所建议的那样，为了解决这个问题，我有两个建议：
- 尝试在您具有完全写入权限的位置进行新的 Tomcat 安装，而不是在 Program Files 下。
- 或者以管理员身份启动IDE。
就个人而言，以管理员身份启动 IDE 解决了这个问题。
谢谢！
我想部署我一直在创建的 Web 应用程序，但它显示 工件 onlineShop:war：工件部署期间出错。有关详细信息，请参阅服务器日志。 我在 google 中读到将网络应用程序版本从 4.0（自动生成）更改为 3.1，但仍然没有结果。
这是 web.xml 文件，网络应用程序的标签：
`<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1">`
还使用了依赖项：
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>4.0.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.primefaces/primefaces -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.primefaces</groupId>
<artifactId>primefaces</artifactId>
<version>10.0.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sun.faces</groupId>
<artifactId>jsf-impl</artifactId>
<version>2.2.15</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sun.faces</groupId>
<artifactId>jsf-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2.15</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.26</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.6.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.enterprise</groupId>
<artifactId>cdi-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
</dependency>
部署错误：
"C:\Program Files\Java\apache-tomcat-9.0.52\bin\catalina.bat" run
[2021-08-26 12:06:14,650] Artifact onlineShop:war: Waiting for server connection to start artifact deployment...
Using CATALINA_BASE: "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\JetBrains\IntelliJIdea2021.2\tomcate59939-d716-434b-a492-c9721f8ca335"
Using CATALINA_HOME: "C:\Program Files\Java\apache-tomcat-9.0.52"
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: "C:\Program Files\Java\apache-tomcat-9.0.52\temp"
Using JRE_HOME: "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_281"
Using CLASSPATH: "C:\Program Files\Java\apache-tomcat-9.0.52\bin\bootstrap.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\apache-tomcat-9.0.52\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"
Using CATALINA_OPTS: ""
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.483 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version name: Apache Tomcat/9.0.52
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.489 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server built: Jul 31 2021 04:12:17 UTC
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.489 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version number: 9.0.52.0
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.489 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Name: Windows 10
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.489 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Version: 10.0
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.489 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Architecture: amd64
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.489 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Java Home: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_281\jre
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.489 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Version: 1.8.0_281-b09
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.489 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.489 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_BASE: C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\JetBrains\IntelliJIdea2021.2\tomcate59939-d716-434b-a492-c9721f8ca335
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.489 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_HOME: C:\Program Files\Java\apache-tomcat-9.0.52
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.489 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.config.file=C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\JetBrains\IntelliJIdea2021.2\tomcate59939-d716-434b-a492-c9721f8ca335\conf\logging.properties
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.489 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.489 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote=
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.489 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=1099
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.490 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.490 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.password.file=C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\JetBrains\IntelliJIdea2021.2\tomcate59939-d716-434b-a492-c9721f8ca335\jmxremote.password
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.490 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.access.file=C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\JetBrains\IntelliJIdea2021.2\tomcate59939-d716-434b-a492-c9721f8ca335\jmxremote.access
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.490 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.rmi.server.hostname=127.0.0.1
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.490 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.490 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.490 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dignore.endorsed.dirs=
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.490 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.base=C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\JetBrains\IntelliJIdea2021.2\tomcate59939-d716-434b-a492-c9721f8ca335
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.490 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.home=C:\Program Files\Java\apache-tomcat-9.0.52
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.490 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.io.tmpdir=C:\Program Files\Java\apache-tomcat-9.0.52\temp
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.494 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent The Apache Tomcat Native library which allows using OpenSSL was not found on the java.library.path: [C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_281\bin;C:\WINDOWS\Sun\Java\bin;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\Program Files\Common Files\Oracle\Java\javapath;C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Oracle\Java\javapath;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\WINDOWS\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\WINDOWS\System32\OpenSSH\;C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\Client SDK\ODBC0\Tools\Binn\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server0\Tools\Binn\;C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server0\Tools\Binn\;C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server0\DTS\Binn\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server0\DTS\Binn\;C:\xampp\php;C:\ProgramData\ComposerSetup\bin;C:\Program Files\nodejs\;C:\HashiCorp\Vagrant\bin;C:\Program Files\Git\cmd;C:\Program Files\dotnet\;C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server0\Tools\Binn\;%JAVA_HOME\bin%;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_281\bin;.]
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.796 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.811 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load Server initialization in [497] milliseconds
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.833 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal Starting service [Catalina]
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.834 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.52]
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.843 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
26-Aug-2021 00:06:15.854 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start Server startup in [42] milliseconds
Connected to server
[2021-08-26 12:06:16,267] Artifact onlineShop:war: Artifact is being deployed, please wait...
26-Aug-2021 00:06:16.326 SEVERE [RMI TCP Connection(3)-127.0.0.1] org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.beforeStart Exception fixing docBase for context [/onlineShop_war]
java.io.IOException: Unable to create the directory [C:\Program Files\Java\apache-tomcat-9.0.52\webapps\onlineShop_war]
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ExpandWar.expand(ExpandWar.java:116)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.fixDocBase(ContextConfig.java:820)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.beforeStart(ContextConfig.java:959)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:305)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:123)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.setStateInternal(LifecycleBase.java:423)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:182)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:726)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:698)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:696)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.manageApp(HostConfig.java:1783)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:293)
at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)
at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)
at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:460)
at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:408)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:293)
at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)
at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)
at com.sun.jmx.remote.security.MBeanServerAccessController.invoke(MBeanServerAccessController.java:468)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1468)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.access0(RMIConnectionImpl.java:76)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl$PrivilegedOperation.run(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1309)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doPrivilegedOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1408)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.invoke(RMIConnectionImpl.java:829)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at sun.rmi.server.UnicastServerRef.dispatch(UnicastServerRef.java:357)
at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.run(Transport.java:200)
at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.run(Transport.java:197)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.serviceCall(Transport.java:196)
at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport.handleMessages(TCPTransport.java:573)
at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run0(TCPTransport.java:834)
at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.lambda$run[=12=](TCPTransport.java:688)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run(TCPTransport.java:687)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
26-Aug-2021 00:06:17.238 SEVERE [RMI TCP Connection(3)-127.0.0.1] org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processServletContainerInitializers Failed to detect ServletContainerInitializers for context with name [/onlineShop_war]
java.nio.file.AccessDeniedException: C:\Program Files\Java\apache-tomcat-9.0.52\temp\jar_cache186368841853534707.tmp
at sun.nio.fs.WindowsException.translateToIOException(WindowsException.java:83)
at sun.nio.fs.WindowsException.rethrowAsIOException(WindowsException.java:97)
at sun.nio.fs.WindowsException.rethrowAsIOException(WindowsException.java:102)
at sun.nio.fs.WindowsFileSystemProvider.newByteChannel(WindowsFileSystemProvider.java:230)
at java.nio.file.Files.newByteChannel(Files.java:361)
at java.nio.file.Files.createFile(Files.java:632)
at java.nio.file.TempFileHelper.create(TempFileHelper.java:138)
at java.nio.file.TempFileHelper.createTempFile(TempFileHelper.java:161)
at java.nio.file.Files.createTempFile(Files.java:897)
at sun.net.www.protocol.jar.URLJarFile.run(URLJarFile.java:218)
at sun.net.www.protocol.jar.URLJarFile.run(URLJarFile.java:216)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at sun.net.www.protocol.jar.URLJarFile.retrieve(URLJarFile.java:215)
at sun.net.www.protocol.jar.URLJarFile.getJarFile(URLJarFile.java:71)
at sun.net.www.protocol.jar.JarFileFactory.get(JarFileFactory.java:191)
at sun.net.www.protocol.jar.JarFileFactory.getOrCreate(JarFileFactory.java:91)
at sun.net.www.protocol.jar.JarURLConnection.connect(JarURLConnection.java:129)
at sun.net.www.protocol.jar.JarURLConnection.getInputStream(JarURLConnection.java:172)
at java.net.URL.openStream(URL.java:1067)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.WebappServiceLoader.parseConfigFile(WebappServiceLoader.java:202)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.WebappServiceLoader.load(WebappServiceLoader.java:155)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processServletContainerInitializers(ContextConfig.java:1840)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.webConfig(ContextConfig.java:1298)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.configureStart(ContextConfig.java:986)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:303)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:123)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5135)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:726)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:698)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:696)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.manageApp(HostConfig.java:1783)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:293)
at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)
at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)
at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:460)
at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:408)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:293)
at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)
at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)
at com.sun.jmx.remote.security.MBeanServerAccessController.invoke(MBeanServerAccessController.java:468)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1468)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.access0(RMIConnectionImpl.java:76)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl$PrivilegedOperation.run(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1309)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doPrivilegedOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1408)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.invoke(RMIConnectionImpl.java:829)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at sun.rmi.server.UnicastServerRef.dispatch(UnicastServerRef.java:357)
at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.run(Transport.java:200)
at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.run(Transport.java:197)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.serviceCall(Transport.java:196)
at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport.handleMessages(TCPTransport.java:573)
at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run0(TCPTransport.java:834)
at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.lambda$run[=12=](TCPTransport.java:688)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run(TCPTransport.java:687)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
26-Aug-2021 00:06:17.241 SEVERE [RMI TCP Connection(3)-127.0.0.1] org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.configureStart Marking this application unavailable due to previous error(s)
26-Aug-2021 00:06:17.246 SEVERE [RMI TCP Connection(3)-127.0.0.1] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal One or more components marked the context as not correctly configured
26-Aug-2021 00:06:17.248 SEVERE [RMI TCP Connection(3)-127.0.0.1] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal Context [/onlineShop_war] startup failed due to previous errors
[2021-08-26 12:06:17,258] Artifact onlineShop:war: Error during artifact deployment. See server log for details.
26-Aug-2021 00:06:25.845 INFO [Catalina-utility-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [C:\Program Files\Java\apache-tomcat-9.0.52\webapps\manager]
26-Aug-2021 00:06:25.949 INFO [Catalina-utility-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [C:\Program Files\Java\apache-tomcat-9.0.52\webapps\manager] has finished in [105] ms
注意：我正在使用 Tomcat 9.0.52!
正如我在评论中所建议的那样，为了解决这个问题，我有两个建议：
- 尝试在您具有完全写入权限的位置进行新的 Tomcat 安装，而不是在 Program Files 下。
- 或者以管理员身份启动IDE。
就个人而言，以管理员身份启动 IDE 解决了这个问题。 谢谢！