如何根据 URL id 使用 Django 创建 URL-Shortener?

How can I create a URL-Shortener using Django based on the URL id?

我正在使用 Django,我只是一个初学者。现在我正在尝试用 Base 62 制作一个 URL 缩短器,所以我在 models.py 中创建了一个 class,它的名字是 URLGenerator。这是它的代码:

class URLGenerator:
   BASE = 62
   UPPERCASE_OFFSET = 55
   LOWERCASE_OFFSET = 61
   DIGIT_OFFSET = 48

   def generate_unique_key(self, integer):
      """
      Turn an integer [integer] into a base [BASE] number
       in string representation
      """

      # we won't step into the while if integer is 0
      # so we just solve for that case here
      if integer == 0:
         return '0'

     string = ""
     remainder: int = 0
     while integer > 0:
        remainder = integer % self.BASE
        string = self._true_chr(remainder) + string
        integer = int(integer / self.BASE)
    return string

   def get_id(self, key):
      """
      Turn the base [BASE] number [key] into an integer
      """
      int_sum = 0
      reversed_key = key[::-1]
      for idx, char in enumerate(reversed_key):
        int_sum += self._true_ord(char) * int(math.pow(self.BASE, idx))
    return int_sum

   def _true_ord(self, char):
      """
      Turns a digit [char] in character representation
      from the number system with base [BASE] into an integer.
      """

     if char.isdigit():
          return ord(char) - self.DIGIT_OFFSET
     elif 'A' <= char <= 'Z':
         return ord(char) - self.UPPERCASE_OFFSET
     elif 'a' <= char <= 'z':
        return ord(char) - self.LOWERCASE_OFFSET
     else:
         raise ValueError("%s is not a valid character" % char)

   def _true_chr(self, integer):
      """
      Turns an integer [integer] into digit in base [BASE]
      as a character representation.
      """
     if integer < 10:
         return chr(integer + self.DIGIT_OFFSET)
     elif 10 <= integer <= 35:
         return chr(integer + self.UPPERCASE_OFFSET)
     elif 36 <= integer < 62:
         return chr(integer + self.LOWERCASE_OFFSET)
     else:
         raise ValueError(
            "%d is not a valid integer in the range of base %d" % (integer, BASE))

上面class有两个方法很重要。第一个是 generate_unique_key 可以将整数转换为唯一字符串,第二个是 get_id 可以将字符串转换为 int。例如:

id = 1024
generator = URLGenerator()
key = generator.generate_unique_key(id) # key = GW
idx = generator.get_id(key)             # idx = 1024

# so the final url should look like this:
# http://localhost:8000/GW

在上面的例子中,实际上 id 是数据库中一条记录的 id,我想在数据库中保存 URL 时使用它。那么如果用户写 http://127.0.0.1:8000/GW he must be redirected to the main URL which is http://127.0.0.1:8000/1024.

我还有另一个 class,它只有一个字段:

class Url(models.Model):
   url_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)

   def save(self , *args , **kwargs):
      pass

但现在我不知道如何在我的URL class中调用URLGenerator的方法,然后在[=24]中使用POST写一个简单的函数=] 查看结果。

我看了一些Whosebug的帖子,也看了一些教程,但是很遗憾,我没能解决这个问题。我将感谢您的帮助和建议。

首先,最好在 Url 模型中添加另一个字段,如下所示:

url_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)

为什么我们要保存它?因为在这个问题中,我们将根据数据库中每条记录的 ID 做一个简短的 URL。然后我在 forms.py 中创建一个简单的表单。这是它的代码:

from django.forms import ModelForm, fields
from .models import Url


class URLForm(ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Url
        fields = ['link']
        labels = {
            'link' : 'Enter link'
        }

最后,我的 views.py 中有两个函数。在第一个中,我使用了 POST 方法并编写了一个简单的查询来将数据保存在数据库中:

# Redirect short URL to its original URL, if it's valid
def redirector_view(request):
    form = URLForm()
    if request.method == "POST":
        form = URLForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            link = form.cleaned_data['link']
            if("http://" not in link) and ("https://" not in link):
                link = "http://" + link
            # uid = 
            new_url_obj = Url(link=link)
            new_url_obj.save()
            id = new_url_obj.pk
            url_generator_obj = URLGenerator()
            sh_url = url_generator_obj.generate_unique_key(id)
            new_url = f"http://127.0.0.1:8000/url/final/{sh_url}"
            json_object = {
                "final_url" : new_url
            }
            return JsonResponse(json_object)
    context = {
        "form" : form
    }
    return HttpResponse(context)

第二个函数做的正是我在问题中所说的:

# id = 1024
# generator = URLGenerator()
# key = generator.generate_unique_key(id) # key = GW
# idx = generator.get_id(key)   

def final(request , sh_url):
    url_generator_obj = URLGenerator()
    id = url_generator_obj.get_id(sh_url)
    url_details = Url.objects.get(url_id=id)
    return redirect(url_details.link)

并且不要忘记在应用程序中添加 urls.py 文件:

from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.redirector_view, name="urlshortner"),
    path('final/<str:sh_url>' , views.final , name="final"),
]

现在,如果我向我的数据库添加一个简单的记录,其中只包含一个 URL,它的 pk 将为 1(因为它是我们的第一个对象),然后将 1 添加到此 URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000/url/final/ 您将被重定向到主 URL.