如何在依赖于视图模型的可组合函数中获得预览?

How to get preview in composable functions that depend on a view model?

问题描述

我想在我的 HomeScreenPrevieiw 预览函数中预览我的 HomeScreen 可组合函数。但是这是不可能的,因为我收到以下错误:

java.lang.IllegalStateException: ViewModels creation is not supported in Preview
    at androidx.compose.ui.tooling.ComposeViewAdapter$FakeViewModelStoreOwner.getViewModelStore(ComposeViewAdapter.kt:709)
    at androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProvider.<init>(ViewModelProvider.kt:105)
    at androidx.lifecycle.viewmodel.compose.ViewModelKt.get(ViewModel.kt:82)
    at androidx.lifecycle.viewmodel.compose.ViewModelKt.viewModel(ViewModel.kt:72)
    at com.example.crud.ui.screens.home.HomeScreenKt.HomeScreen(HomeScreen.kt:53)
    at com.example.crud.ui.screens.home.HomeScreenKt.HomeScreenPreview(HomeScreen.kt:43)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    ...

我的代码

这是我的 HomeScreen 代码:

@Composable
fun HomeScreen(
    viewModel: HomeViewModel = hiltViewModel(),
    navigateToDetailsAction: () -> Unit,
    openCardDetailsAction: (Int) -> Unit
) {
    val cities = viewModel.cities.observeAsState(listOf())
    Scaffold(
        topBar = { HomeAppBar() },
        floatingActionButton = { HomeFab(navigateToDetailsAction) }
    ) {
        HomeContent(cities) { id -> openCardDetailsAction(id) }
    }
}

这是我的预览功能的代码:

@Preview
@Composable
private fun HomeScreenPreview() {
    HomeScreen(navigateToDetailsAction = {}, openCardDetailsAction = {})
}

我的视图模型:

@HiltViewModel
class HomeViewModel @Inject constructor(repository: CityRepository) : ViewModel() {
    val cities: LiveData<List<City>> = repository.allCities.asLiveData()
}

存储库:

@ViewModelScoped
class CityRepository @Inject constructor(appDatabase: AppDatabase) {
    private val dao by lazy { appDatabase.getCityDao() }

    val allCities by lazy { dao.getAllCities() }

    suspend fun addCity(city: City) = dao.insert(city)

    suspend fun updateCity(city: City) = dao.update(city)

    suspend fun deleteCity(city: City) = dao.delete(city)

    suspend fun getCityById(id: Int) = dao.getCityById(id)

}

应用程序数据库:

@Database(entities = [City::class], version = 2, exportSchema = false)
abstract class AppDatabase : RoomDatabase() {
    abstract fun getCityDao() : CityDao
}

我失败的尝试

我认为作为我的 HomeScreen 的默认参数传递的视图模型可能有问题,所以我决定这样做:

@Composable
fun HomeScreen(
    navigateToDetailsAction: () -> Unit,
    openCardDetailsAction: (Int) -> Unit
) {
    val viewModel: HomeViewModel = hiltViewModel()
    val cities = viewModel.cities.observeAsState(listOf())
    Scaffold(
        topBar = { HomeAppBar() },
        floatingActionButton = { HomeFab(navigateToDetailsAction) }
    ) {
        HomeContent(cities) { id -> openCardDetailsAction(id) }
    }
}

但它仍然不起作用(我一直收到同样的错误),而且它不利于测试,因为它会阻止我使用模拟视图模型测试我的 HomeScreen

这正是使用默认值传递视图模型的原因之一。在预览中,可以传递一个测试对象:

@Preview
@Composable
private fun HomeScreenPreview() {
    val viewModel = HomeViewModel()
    // setup viewModel as you need it to be in the preview
    HomeScreen(viewModel = viewModel, navigateToDetailsAction = {}, openCardDetailsAction = {})
}

因为你有一个存储库,你可以做同样的事情来测试视图模型。

  1. CityRepository
  2. 创建接口
interface CityRepositoryI {
    val allCities: List<City>

    suspend fun addCity(city: City)
    suspend fun updateCity(city: City)
    suspend fun deleteCity(city: City)
    suspend fun getCityById(id: Int)
}
  1. CityRepository 实施:
@ViewModelScoped
class CityRepository @Inject constructor(appDatabase: AppDatabase) : CityRepositoryI {
    private val dao by lazy { appDatabase.getCityDao() }

    override val allCities by lazy { dao.getAllCities() }

    override suspend fun addCity(city: City) = dao.insert(city)

    override suspend fun updateCity(city: City) = dao.update(city)

    override suspend fun deleteCity(city: City) = dao.delete(city)

    override suspend fun getCityById(id: Int) = dao.getCityById(id)
}
  1. 创建 FakeCityRepository 用于测试目的:
class FakeCityRepository : CityRepositoryI {
    // predefined cities for testing
    val cities = listOf(
        City(1)
    ).toMutableStateList()

    override val allCities by lazy { cities }

    override suspend fun addCity(city: City) {
        cities.add(city)
    }

    override suspend fun updateCity(city: City){
        val index = cities.indexOfFirst { it.id == city.id }
        cities[index] = city
    }

    override suspend fun deleteCity(city: City) {
        cities.removeAll { it.id == city.id }
    }

    override suspend fun getCityById(id: Int) = cities.first { it.id == id }
}

所以你可以将它传递到你的视图模型中:HomeViewModel(FakeCityRepository())

您可以使用 AppDatabase 而不是存储库来执行相同的操作,这完全取决于您的需要。查看更多关于 Hilt testing

p.s。我不确定这是否会构建,因为我没有你的一些 类,但你应该已经明白了。

您好,@Philip Dukhov 在他的回答中解释的是正确的,理想情况下应该这样做。

但我想提出一个解决方法,因为它需要大量设置,例如伪造和手动创建中间对象。

您可以通过使用自定义 运行 配置并使用特定 Activity 作为带有 @AndroidEntryPoint 注释的预览Activity 来在模拟器上运行预览。

您可以按照来自博客的屏幕截图和内部结构的详细指南进行操作 我已经从 here

发布了

或者您可以

Activity 需要

@AndroidEntryPoint
class HiltPreviewActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
....
}

您需要手动将预览可组合项复制粘贴到 HiltPreviewsetContent{..} 中Activity。

运行 从工具栏,而不是从预览快捷方式,查看模式详细信息指南。