在 Javascript 中有切片的替代方法吗？

Question

我正在开发一个使用数组的计算器项目。我想让用户在找到答案之前编写多个函数，类似于 Casio fx-300ES Plus。现在我正在研究乘法，然后再转向其他运算符。为此，我认为最好的方法是使用 for 循环找到所有 'x' 所在的索引，然后运行两个其他 for 循环，一个在运算符的左侧，另一个看着它的右边。一旦找到另一个操作员，它就会崩溃。然后我可以使用 slice().

将信息存储在 'x' 旁边

我遇到的问题运行是当运算符之间的数字为 1 时。如果我使用 slice() 它不起作用，因为索引之间没有信息。还有其他方法可以将这些数字存储到数组中吗？

非常感谢任何有关此的信息。

var array = ['7', '3', '+', '6', 'x', '8', '+', '5', '4', 'x', '2'];

    //for loop checking for 'x' symbols
    for (var i = 0; i < array.length; i++){
        console.log("i " + array[i]);
        //if there is an 'x'
        if (array[i] == 'x') {
            console.log('index is at ' + i);
            //create an array to eventually store the values
            var newArray = new Array();
                //checks for the index where j is NaN on the LEFT side
                for (j = i - 1; j > 0; --j){
                    if (isNaN(array[j])){
                        console.log('j is ' + j);
                        break;
                    }
                }  
                //checks for the index where e is NaN on the RIGHT side
                for (e = i + 1; e < array.length; e++)
                {
                    if (isNaN(array[e])){
                        console.log('e is at ' + e);
                        break;
                    } else if (e == array.length - 1) {
                        console.log('e is at array length of ' + e);
                        break;
                    }
                }
              //add the numbers between j and i to newArray
              newArray = array.slice(j + 1, i);
                        console.log(newArray);
              //add the numbers between i and e to newArray
              newArray = array.slice(i + 1, e);
                        console.log(newArray);  
              console.log("array of slice is " + newArray);
        }
    }

Answer 1

您可以编写 tokenize 来消耗您的文本输入并生成标记流 -

const input = 
  [ '7', '3', '+', '6', 'x', '8', '+', '5', '4', 'x', '2' ]
  
function* tokenize (es) {
  let r = 0, n
  for (const e of es) {
    switch (e) {
      case "+":
      case "x":
        yield { number: r }
        yield { operation: e }
        r = 0
        break
      default:
        n = Number.parseInt(e, 10)
        if (Number.isNaN(n))
          throw Error(`unexpected input: ${e}`)
        else
          r = r * 10 + n
        break
    }
  }
  if (r > 0) yield { number: r }
}
          
for (const t of tokenize(input))
  console.log(t)

{"number":73}
{"operation":"+"}
{"number":6}
{"operation":"x"}
{"number":8}
{"operation":"+"}
{"number":54}
{"operation":"x"}
{"number":2}

之后是 parse，它使用标记流并生成抽象语法树 -

function parse (ts) {
  let s = e => e
  for (const t of ts) {
    if (t?.number) {
      let r = s(t)
      s = _ => r
    }
    else if (t?.operation) {
      let left = s()
      s = right => ({ operation: t.operation, left, right })
    }
    else {
      throw Error(`unexpected token: ${JSON.stringify(t)}`)
    }
  }
  return s()
}

console.log(parse(tokenize(input)))

{
  operation: "x",
  left: {
    operation: "+",
    left: {
      operation: "x",
      left: {
        operation: "+",
        left: { number: 73 },
        right: { number: 6 }
      },
      right: { number: 8 }
    },
    right: { number: 54 }
  },
  right: { number: 2 }
}

最后eval将语法树作为一个程序进行评估-

function eval (e) {
  if (e?.number)
    return e.number
  else if (e?.operation)
    return evalOp(e)
  else
    throw Error(`unexpected expression: ${JSON.stringify(e)}`)
}

我们通过单独写evalOp来简化eval。这种技术称为相互递归，对于遍历树状结构非常有效 -

function evalOp (e) {
  switch (e?.operation) {
    case "+": return eval(e.left) + eval(e.right)
    case "x": return eval(e.left) * eval(e.right)
    default: throw Error(`unexpected operation: ${e.operation}`)
  }
}

将tokenize、parse和eval放在一起计算结果-

const input = 
  [ '7', '3', '+', '6', 'x', '8', '+', '5', '4', 'x', '2' ]

console.log(eval(parse(tokenize(input))))

使用袖珍计算器运算顺序计算时这是正确的 -

73 
... + 6 = 79
... * 8 = 632
... + 54 = 686
... * 2 = 1372

如果您想使用不同的操作顺序进行评估，即 PEMDAS，您将不得不重写 parse 以将令牌流解释为不同的程序。

展开下面的代码片段以在浏览器中验证结果 -

const input = 
  [ '7', '3', '+', '6', 'x', '8', '+', '5', '4', 'x', '2' ]

function* tokenize (es) {
  let r = 0, n
  for (const e of es) {
    switch (e) {
      case "+":
      case "x":
        yield { number: r }
        yield { operation: e }
        r = 0
        break
      default:
        n = Number.parseInt(e, 10)
        if (Number.isNaN(n))
          throw Error(`unexpected input: ${e}`)
        else
          r = r * 10 + n
        break
    }
  }
  if (r > 0) yield { number: r }
}

function parse (ts) {
  let s = e => e
  for (const t of ts) {
    if (t?.number) {
      let r = s(t)
      s = _ => r
    }
    else if (t?.operation) {
      let left = s()
      s = right => ({ operation: t.operation, left, right })
    }
    else {
      throw Error(`unexpected token: ${JSON.stringify(t)}`)
    }
  }
  return s()
}

function eval (e) {
  if (e?.number)
    return e.number
  else if (e?.operation)
    return evalOp(e)
  else
    throw Error(`unexpected expression: ${JSON.stringify(e)}`)
}

function evalOp (e) {
  switch (e?.operation) {
    case "+": return eval(e.left) + eval(e.right)
    case "x": return eval(e.left) * eval(e.right)
    default: throw Error(`unexpected operation: ${e.operation}`)
  }
}

console.log(eval(parse(tokenize(input))))

在 Javascript 中有切片的替代方法吗？

Is there an alternative to slice in Javascript?

javascript

arrays

iteration

loops

slice