无法通过 BLE Python 连接到 Arduino：[org.bluez.Error.Failed] 软件导致连接中止
Cannot connect to Arduino over BLE Python: [org.bluez.Error.Failed] Software caused connection abort
我正在尝试通过 BLE 从我的 Arduino 向我的 Raspberry Pi 发送数据。但是，当我 运行 以下脚本时，有时会出现以下两个错误之一：
[org.bluez.Error.Failed] Software caused connection abort 或 This service is already present in this BleakGATTServiceCollection!
当我退出程序时，最后一行出现以下错误：bleak.exc.BleakError: Characteristic 00001143-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb not found! 或 bleak.exc.BleakError: Not connected
我试过重启 Raspberry Pi 和 Arduino 以及用 sudo systemctl restart bluetooth 和 sudo systemctl daemon-reload 重启蓝牙服务都无济于事。
奇怪的是，如果我 运行 以类似方式设置的不同 Pi 上的脚本，脚本 运行 会按预期运行。
可能是什么导致了这个问题？
这是脚本（删除了一些不相关的位）：
# Adapted from: https://github.com/Ladvien/arduino_ble_sense
import os
import sys
import asyncio
import pyrebase
import platform
import bluetooth
from datetime import datetime
from typing import Callable, Any, List
from time import sleep
from aioconsole import ainput
from bleak import BleakClient, discover
class Connection:
client: BleakClient = None
def __init__(
self,
loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop,
read_characteristic: str,
write_characteristic: str,
data_dump_handler: Callable[[str, str], None]
):
self.loop = loop
self.read_characteristic = read_characteristic
self.write_characteristic = write_characteristic
self.data_dump_handler = data_dump_handler
self.connected = False
self.connected_device = None
def on_disconnect(self, client: BleakClient):
self.connected = False
# Put code here to handle what happens on disconnect.
print(f"Disconnected from {self.connected_device.name}!")
async def cleanup(self):
if self.client:
await self.client.stop_notify(read_characteristic)
await self.client.disconnect()
async def manager(self):
print("Starting connection manager.")
while True:
if self.client:
await self.connect()
else:
await self.select_device()
await asyncio.sleep(15.0)
async def connect(self):
if self.connected:
return
try:
await self.client.connect()
self.connected = self.client.is_connected
if self.connected:
print(F"Connected to {self.connected_device.name}")
self.client.set_disconnected_callback(self.on_disconnect)
await self.client.start_notify(
self.read_characteristic, self.notification_handler,
)
while True:
if not self.connected:
break
await asyncio.sleep(3.0)
else:
print(f"Failed to connect to {self.connected_device.name}")
except Exception as e:
print(e)
async def select_device(self):
print("Bluetooh LE hardware warming up...")
await asyncio.sleep(2.0) # Wait for BLE to initialize.
devices = await discover()
print("Please select device: ")
for i, device in enumerate(devices):
print(f"{i}: {device.name}")
response = -1
while True:
response = await ainput("Select device: ")
try:
response = int(response.strip())
except:
print("Please make valid selection.")
if response > -1 and response < len(devices):
break
else:
print("Please make valid selection.")
print(f"Connecting to {devices[response].name}")
self.connected_device = devices[response]
self.client = BleakClient(devices[response].address, loop=self.loop)
#############
# Loops
#############
async def user_console_manager(connection: Connection):
if connection.client and connection.connected:
input_str = await ainput("Enter command: ")
bytes_to_send = bytearray(map(ord, input_str))
await connection.client.write_gatt_char(write_characteristic, bytes_to_send)
else:
await asyncio.sleep(2.0)
async def main():
while True:
await asyncio.sleep(5)
#############
# App Main
#############
read_characteristic = "00001143-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"
write_characteristic = "00001142-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Create the event loop.
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
db = Database()
connection = Connection(
loop, read_characteristic, write_characteristic, db.writeToDB
)
try:
asyncio.ensure_future(connection.manager())
asyncio.ensure_future(user_console_manager(connection))
asyncio.ensure_future(main())
loop.run_forever()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print()
print("User stopped program.")
finally:
print("Disconnecting...")
loop.run_until_complete(connection.cleanup())
exit()
编辑：
根据@ukBaz 的建议，我将脚本提炼为以下内容：
import asyncio
from bleak import discover
from bleak import BleakClient
address = "ARDUINO_ADDRESS"
async def connect(address, loop):
async with BleakClient(address, loop=loop) as client:
services = await client.get_services()
for ser in services:
print(ser.uuid)
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
loop.run_until_complete(connect(address, loop))
但是，我还是运行进入了错误：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/pi/smart-home-pi/test2.py", line 15, in <module>
loop.run_until_complete(connect(address, loop))
File "/home/pi/.pyenv/versions/3.9.7/lib/python3.9/asyncio/base_events.py", line 642, in run_until_complete
return future.result()
File "/home/pi/smart-home-pi/test2.py", line 9, in connect
async with BleakClient(address, loop=loop) as client:
File "/home/pi/.pyenv/versions/3.9.7/lib/python3.9/site-packages/bleak/backends/client.py", line 61, in __aenter__
await self.connect()
File "/home/pi/.pyenv/versions/3.9.7/lib/python3.9/site-packages/bleak/backends/bluezdbus/client.py", line 298, in connect
assert_reply(reply)
File "/home/pi/.pyenv/versions/3.9.7/lib/python3.9/site-packages/bleak/backends/bluezdbus/utils.py", line 23, in assert_reply
raise BleakDBusError(reply.error_name, reply.body)
bleak.exc.BleakDBusError: [org.bluez.Error.Failed] Software caused connection abort
会不会是我用的Python版本？
我有 运行 你的第二个脚本，虽然我没有使用 RPi 或 Arduino，但它对我有用。我也在 Linux.
上使用 Python 3.8.10
要在 Linux 上获取蓝牙调试信息：
- 您可以使用 bluetoothctl 连接到设备吗？
service bluetooth status 是否显示错误？
当运行您的脚本打开单独的终端时，运行 获取更多调试信息：
- bluetootctl
- journalctl -f -u 蓝牙
- sudo busctl 监视器org.bluez
- sudo btmon
我也看了你原来的剧本，把它简化了。我想出了以下内容：
import asyncio
from aioconsole import ainput
from bleak import BleakClient, discover
async def data_client(device):
def handle_rx(_: int, data: bytearray):
print("received:", data)
async with BleakClient(device) as client:
await client.start_notify(read_characteristic, handle_rx)
while client.is_connected:
await asyncio.sleep(1)
input_str = await ainput("Enter command: ")
bytes_to_send = input_str.encode()
if input_str == 'exit':
await client.stop_notify(read_characteristic)
await client.disconnect()
else:
await client.write_gatt_char(write_characteristic, bytes_to_send)
async def select_device():
print("Scanning for Bluetooh LE hardware...")
await asyncio.sleep(2.0) # Wait for BLE to initialize.
devices = await discover()
print("Please select device: ")
for i, device in enumerate(devices):
print(f"{i}: {device.name}")
print("99: Exit program")
print("-1: Re-scan for BLE devices")
response = await ainput("Select device: ")
try:
response = int(response.strip())
except ValueError:
print("Please make valid selection.")
response = -1
print('response', type(response), response)
if -1 < response < len(devices):
return devices[response].address
elif response == 99:
return 99
print("Please make valid selection.")
async def main():
device = None
keep_alive = True
while keep_alive:
print('Device:', device)
if device is None:
device = await select_device()
if device == 99:
keep_alive = False
elif device:
await data_client(device)
device = None
print('Device disconnected.\n')
# read_characteristic = "00001143-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"
read_characteristic = "6e400002-b5a3-f393-e0a9-e50e24dcca9e"
# write_characteristic = "00001142-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"
write_characteristic = "6e400003-b5a3-f393-e0a9-e50e24dcca9e"
if __name__ == "__main__":
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
try:
loop.run_until_complete(main())
finally:
loop.close()
我正在尝试通过 BLE 从我的 Arduino 向我的 Raspberry Pi 发送数据。但是，当我 运行 以下脚本时，有时会出现以下两个错误之一：
[org.bluez.Error.Failed] Software caused connection abort 或 This service is already present in this BleakGATTServiceCollection!
当我退出程序时，最后一行出现以下错误：bleak.exc.BleakError: Characteristic 00001143-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb not found! 或 bleak.exc.BleakError: Not connected
我试过重启 Raspberry Pi 和 Arduino 以及用 sudo systemctl restart bluetooth 和 sudo systemctl daemon-reload 重启蓝牙服务都无济于事。
奇怪的是，如果我 运行 以类似方式设置的不同 Pi 上的脚本，脚本 运行 会按预期运行。
可能是什么导致了这个问题？
这是脚本（删除了一些不相关的位）：
# Adapted from: https://github.com/Ladvien/arduino_ble_sense
import os
import sys
import asyncio
import pyrebase
import platform
import bluetooth
from datetime import datetime
from typing import Callable, Any, List
from time import sleep
from aioconsole import ainput
from bleak import BleakClient, discover
class Connection:
client: BleakClient = None
def __init__(
self,
loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop,
read_characteristic: str,
write_characteristic: str,
data_dump_handler: Callable[[str, str], None]
):
self.loop = loop
self.read_characteristic = read_characteristic
self.write_characteristic = write_characteristic
self.data_dump_handler = data_dump_handler
self.connected = False
self.connected_device = None
def on_disconnect(self, client: BleakClient):
self.connected = False
# Put code here to handle what happens on disconnect.
print(f"Disconnected from {self.connected_device.name}!")
async def cleanup(self):
if self.client:
await self.client.stop_notify(read_characteristic)
await self.client.disconnect()
async def manager(self):
print("Starting connection manager.")
while True:
if self.client:
await self.connect()
else:
await self.select_device()
await asyncio.sleep(15.0)
async def connect(self):
if self.connected:
return
try:
await self.client.connect()
self.connected = self.client.is_connected
if self.connected:
print(F"Connected to {self.connected_device.name}")
self.client.set_disconnected_callback(self.on_disconnect)
await self.client.start_notify(
self.read_characteristic, self.notification_handler,
)
while True:
if not self.connected:
break
await asyncio.sleep(3.0)
else:
print(f"Failed to connect to {self.connected_device.name}")
except Exception as e:
print(e)
async def select_device(self):
print("Bluetooh LE hardware warming up...")
await asyncio.sleep(2.0) # Wait for BLE to initialize.
devices = await discover()
print("Please select device: ")
for i, device in enumerate(devices):
print(f"{i}: {device.name}")
response = -1
while True:
response = await ainput("Select device: ")
try:
response = int(response.strip())
except:
print("Please make valid selection.")
if response > -1 and response < len(devices):
break
else:
print("Please make valid selection.")
print(f"Connecting to {devices[response].name}")
self.connected_device = devices[response]
self.client = BleakClient(devices[response].address, loop=self.loop)
#############
# Loops
#############
async def user_console_manager(connection: Connection):
if connection.client and connection.connected:
input_str = await ainput("Enter command: ")
bytes_to_send = bytearray(map(ord, input_str))
await connection.client.write_gatt_char(write_characteristic, bytes_to_send)
else:
await asyncio.sleep(2.0)
async def main():
while True:
await asyncio.sleep(5)
#############
# App Main
#############
read_characteristic = "00001143-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"
write_characteristic = "00001142-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Create the event loop.
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
db = Database()
connection = Connection(
loop, read_characteristic, write_characteristic, db.writeToDB
)
try:
asyncio.ensure_future(connection.manager())
asyncio.ensure_future(user_console_manager(connection))
asyncio.ensure_future(main())
loop.run_forever()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print()
print("User stopped program.")
finally:
print("Disconnecting...")
loop.run_until_complete(connection.cleanup())
exit()
编辑：
根据@ukBaz 的建议，我将脚本提炼为以下内容：
import asyncio
from bleak import discover
from bleak import BleakClient
address = "ARDUINO_ADDRESS"
async def connect(address, loop):
async with BleakClient(address, loop=loop) as client:
services = await client.get_services()
for ser in services:
print(ser.uuid)
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
loop.run_until_complete(connect(address, loop))
但是，我还是运行进入了错误：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/pi/smart-home-pi/test2.py", line 15, in <module>
loop.run_until_complete(connect(address, loop))
File "/home/pi/.pyenv/versions/3.9.7/lib/python3.9/asyncio/base_events.py", line 642, in run_until_complete
return future.result()
File "/home/pi/smart-home-pi/test2.py", line 9, in connect
async with BleakClient(address, loop=loop) as client:
File "/home/pi/.pyenv/versions/3.9.7/lib/python3.9/site-packages/bleak/backends/client.py", line 61, in __aenter__
await self.connect()
File "/home/pi/.pyenv/versions/3.9.7/lib/python3.9/site-packages/bleak/backends/bluezdbus/client.py", line 298, in connect
assert_reply(reply)
File "/home/pi/.pyenv/versions/3.9.7/lib/python3.9/site-packages/bleak/backends/bluezdbus/utils.py", line 23, in assert_reply
raise BleakDBusError(reply.error_name, reply.body)
bleak.exc.BleakDBusError: [org.bluez.Error.Failed] Software caused connection abort
会不会是我用的Python版本？
我有 运行 你的第二个脚本，虽然我没有使用 RPi 或 Arduino，但它对我有用。我也在 Linux.
上使用 Python 3.8.10要在 Linux 上获取蓝牙调试信息：
- 您可以使用 bluetoothctl 连接到设备吗？
service bluetooth status是否显示错误？
当运行您的脚本打开单独的终端时，运行 获取更多调试信息：
- bluetootctl
- journalctl -f -u 蓝牙
- sudo busctl 监视器org.bluez
- sudo btmon
我也看了你原来的剧本，把它简化了。我想出了以下内容：
import asyncio
from aioconsole import ainput
from bleak import BleakClient, discover
async def data_client(device):
def handle_rx(_: int, data: bytearray):
print("received:", data)
async with BleakClient(device) as client:
await client.start_notify(read_characteristic, handle_rx)
while client.is_connected:
await asyncio.sleep(1)
input_str = await ainput("Enter command: ")
bytes_to_send = input_str.encode()
if input_str == 'exit':
await client.stop_notify(read_characteristic)
await client.disconnect()
else:
await client.write_gatt_char(write_characteristic, bytes_to_send)
async def select_device():
print("Scanning for Bluetooh LE hardware...")
await asyncio.sleep(2.0) # Wait for BLE to initialize.
devices = await discover()
print("Please select device: ")
for i, device in enumerate(devices):
print(f"{i}: {device.name}")
print("99: Exit program")
print("-1: Re-scan for BLE devices")
response = await ainput("Select device: ")
try:
response = int(response.strip())
except ValueError:
print("Please make valid selection.")
response = -1
print('response', type(response), response)
if -1 < response < len(devices):
return devices[response].address
elif response == 99:
return 99
print("Please make valid selection.")
async def main():
device = None
keep_alive = True
while keep_alive:
print('Device:', device)
if device is None:
device = await select_device()
if device == 99:
keep_alive = False
elif device:
await data_client(device)
device = None
print('Device disconnected.\n')
# read_characteristic = "00001143-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"
read_characteristic = "6e400002-b5a3-f393-e0a9-e50e24dcca9e"
# write_characteristic = "00001142-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"
write_characteristic = "6e400003-b5a3-f393-e0a9-e50e24dcca9e"
if __name__ == "__main__":
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
try:
loop.run_until_complete(main())
finally:
loop.close()