ControllerTest 错误，找不到 'id'= 的交易

Question

我的控制器的 Show 动作没有通过单元测试。我在 ControllerTest 中遇到错误。这是我从 'rake test':

得到的错误

> ERROR["test_should_get_show", TransactionsControllerTest, 2015-07-18
> 00:30:18 -0400]  test_should_get_show#TransactionsControllerTest
> (1437193818.29s) ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound:        
> ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound: Couldn't find Transaction with 'id'=
>             app/controllers/transactions_controller.rb:21:in `show'
>             test/controllers/transactions_controller_test.rb:6:in `block in <class:TransactionsControllerTest>'
>         app/controllers/transactions_controller.rb:21:in `show'
>         test/controllers/transactions_controller_test.rb:6:in `block in <class:TransactionsControllerTest>'
> 
>   5/5:
> [=======================================================================================================================] 100% Time: 00:00:00, Time: 00:00:00
> 
> Finished in 0.24993s 5 tests, 4 assertions, 0 failures, 1 errors, 0
> skips

尽管有这个错误，当我使用这个 url 时，视图还是成功地在浏览器中生成了页面： http://localhost:3000/transactions/1

所以，某处出错了。它没有失败。

transactions_controller.rb

class TransactionsController < ApplicationController

  def new
   @transaction = Transaction.new
  end

  def create
    @transaction = Transaction.new(transaction_params)
    if @transaction.save
      # Handle a successful save.
    else
      render 'new'
    end
  end

  def index
    @transactions = Transaction.all
  end

  def show
    @transaction = Transaction.find(params[:id])      #this is row 21
  end

    private
      def transaction_params
        params.require(:transaction).permit(:company, :month, :account_code, :description, :transaction_amount)
      end
end

transaction_controller_test.rb

require 'test_helper'

class TransactionsControllerTest < ActionController::TestCase
  test "should get show" do
    transaction = Transaction.create
    get :show, id: transaction.id          #this is row 6
    assert_response :success 
  end

end

以下夹具由 rails 自动生成。我是 rails 的新人，不得不承认我并不真正了解固定装置。

transactions.yml

one:
  company: MyString
  month: 2015-06-19
  account_code: MyString
  description: MyString
  transaction_amount: 1.5

two:
  company: MyString
  month: 2015-06-19
  account_code: MyString
  description: MyString
  transaction_amount: 1.5

在我的路由文件中，我将根设置为索引操作。我计划通过 url http://localhost:3000/transactions/1 访问 show 操作并且（如上所述）它确实有效。

routes.rb

Rails.application.routes.draw do
  root            'transactions#index'
  resources       :transactions
end

transaction.rb

class Transaction < ActiveRecord::Base
    validates :month, presence: true 
    validates :account_code, presence: true
end

transaction_test.rb

require 'test_helper'

class TransactionTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase

    def setup
        #@transaction = transactions(:one)
    @transaction = Transaction.new(company: "Inc", month: Date.new(2015,6,15).to_s, 
                                    account_code: "80-32100-12-1201-60010", 
                                    description: "Salaries & Wages - Histo Gross 1", transaction_amount: 100000)
    end

    test "should be valid" do
        assert @transaction.valid?
    end

    test "month should be present" do
    @transaction.month = "     "
    assert_not @transaction.valid?
  end

    test "account_code should be present" do
    @transaction.account_code = "     "
    assert_not @transaction.valid?
  end

  test "month cannot be a string" do      #not sure if this is worth anything at all
    @transaction.month = "xxxxxxxxxxxx"
    assert_not @transaction.valid?
  end


end

Rails生成的test auto（在我修改之前）很简单：

require 'test_helper'

class TransactionsControllerTest < ActionController::TestCase
  test "should get show" do
    get :show   
    assert_response :success 
  end

end

我将其修改为上面的当前版本，因为（我相信）测试应该首先创建一个事务，然后以某种方式引用 id。但我不确定我这样做是否正确。

我在 Whosebug 上看到过类似的问题。例如，这个问题很有帮助，但并没有完全把我带到那里 Count; find User with id= Minitest

注意：最初，我错误地设置了控制器。我把它设为单数"TransactionController"，改成了复数"TransactionsController"。所以我也不得不在单元测试中更改名称。也许这对应用程序有影响。

所以...问题：

为什么单元测试失败而显示操作实际上是
在浏览器中工作？
我如何更改单元测试中的代码以便它识别我正在使用 transaction_params?
当我修改灯具时，是否必须修改灯具？ unit_test 还是控制器？

Answer 1

好的，coorasse 的建议是使用 create！强制应用发现验证错误。初始错误（Couldn't find Transaction with 'id'= ）已替换为新错误：

ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid: Validation failed: Month can't be blank, Account code can't be blank

这让我感到困惑，因为它让我想到了模型验证错误。为什么我在 ControllerTest 中收到模型验证错误？此外，transaction.rb 模型清楚地表明我已添加验证以满足 Month 和 AccountCode 的存在。

所以，我花了一些时间通读 "A Guide to Testing Rails Applications" Rails 指南 http://guides.rubyonrails.org/testing.html 在第 8 节中，它展示了如何在每个测试之前包含一个代码块。这是新的 transaction_controller_test

transaction_controller_test.rb（已修订）

require 'test_helper'

class TransactionsControllerTest < ActionController::TestCase

    # called before every single test
  def setup
    @transaction = transactions(:one)
  end

  test "should get show" do
    get :show, id: @transaction.id
    assert_response :success 
  end

end

此后测试通过！不幸的是，Rails指南没有告诉我为什么我想在控制器测试中使用设置。如果任何聪明的 Rails 专家对此有一些指导，您的意见将不胜感激。

ControllerTest 错误，找不到 'id'= 的交易

ControllerTest error, Couldn't find Transaction with 'id'=

ruby-on-rails

ruby

unit-testing

controller

fixtures