为什么在 C# 中使用 HttpClient 时得到 "The response ended prematurely"？

Question

我的第一个.Net Core HTTP Client代码。服务器也在我的电脑上运行，所以我想把它发送到本地主机。

有人在这里推荐后，我添加了内部异常的打印，但这还不足以让我理解问题。

namespace HTTPClient
{
    // The object I want to send
    public class Msg
    {
        public string ID { get; set; }
        public string Data { get; set; }
        public int RSSIR { get; set; }
        public int RSSIT { get; set; }
        public int Slot { get; set; }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static Msg msg = new Msg
        {
            ID = "00CC",
            Data = "9F4CC",
            RSSIR = 123, 
            RSSIT = 321,
            Slot = 1
        };

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string url = "http://127.0.0.1:5001";
            Console.WriteLine("result = " , callURL(url)); 
            Console.ReadKey();
        }


        public static bool callURL(string url)
        {
            ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback += (sender, cert, chain, sslPolicyErrors) => true;
            bool Result = false;
            HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
            client.BaseAddress = new Uri(url);
            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Clear();
            HttpResponseMessage response = null;
            try
            {
                client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
                HttpContent content = new StringContent(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(msg), Encoding.UTF8, "application/json");
                response = client.PostAsync("", content).Result;
            }
            catch (AggregateException err)
            {
                foreach (var errInner in err.InnerExceptions)
                {   // for printing the inner execption
                    Console.WriteLine("ERROR");
                    Console.WriteLine(errInner); 
                }
            }


            if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
            {
                Result = true;
            }
            else
            {
                Result = false;
            }
            return Result;
        }
        
    }

}

我从 catch 内的循环收到的错误是：

System.Net.Http.HttpRequestException: An error occurred while sending the request.
 ---> System.IO.IOException: The response ended prematurely.
   at System.Net.Http.HttpConnection.FillAsync()
   at System.Net.Http.HttpConnection.ReadNextResponseHeaderLineAsync(Boolean foldedHeadersAllowed)
   at System.Net.Http.HttpConnection.SendAsyncCore(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
   at System.Net.Http.HttpConnection.SendAsyncCore(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   at System.Net.Http.HttpConnectionPool.SendWithNtConnectionAuthAsync(HttpConnection connection, HttpRequestMessage request, Boolean doRequestAuth, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   at System.Net.Http.HttpConnectionPool.SendWithRetryAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, Boolean doRequestAuth, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   at System.Net.Http.RedirectHandler.SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   at System.Net.Http.HttpClient.FinishSendAsyncBuffered(Task`1 sendTask, HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationTokenSource cts, Boolean disposeCts)

我如何找出无法向服务器发送消息的原因？消息内容是否会中断连接生成？

我用另一个客户端检查了服务器，它正在工作，所以问题一定出在我的代码中。

编辑：服务器正在使用 https，所以我也将 URL 更改为 https，这是我收到的错误：

System.Net.Http.HttpRequestException: The SSL connection could not be established, see inner exception.
 ---> System.Security.Authentication.AuthenticationException: The remote certificate is invalid according to the validation procedure.
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.StartSendAuthResetSignal(ProtocolToken message, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest, ExceptionDispatchInfo exception)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.CheckCompletionBeforeNextReceive(ProtocolToken message, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.StartSendBlob(Byte[] incoming, Int32 count, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.ProcessReceivedBlob(Byte[] buffer, Int32 count, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.StartReadFrame(Byte[] buffer, Int32 readBytes, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.StartReceiveBlob(Byte[] buffer, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.CheckCompletionBeforeNextReceive(ProtocolToken message, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.StartSendBlob(Byte[] incoming, Int32 count, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.ProcessReceivedBlob(Byte[] buffer, Int32 count, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.StartReadFrame(Byte[] buffer, Int32 readBytes, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.PartialFrameCallback(AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest)
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.ThrowIfExceptional()
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.InternalEndProcessAuthentication(LazyAsyncResult lazyResult)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.EndProcessAuthentication(IAsyncResult result)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.EndAuthenticateAsClient(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.<>c.<AuthenticateAsClientAsync>b__65_1(IAsyncResult iar)
   at System.Threading.Tasks.TaskFactory`1.FromAsyncCoreLogic(IAsyncResult iar, Func`2 endFunction, Action`1 endAction, Task`1 promise, Boolean requiresSynchronization)
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Net.Http.ConnectHelper.EstablishSslConnectionAsyncCore(Stream stream, SslClientAuthenticationOptions sslOptions, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
   at System.Net.Http.ConnectHelper.EstablishSslConnectionAsyncCore(Stream stream, SslClientAuthenticationOptions sslOptions, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   at System.Net.Http.HttpConnectionPool.ConnectAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, Boolean allowHttp2, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   at System.Net.Http.HttpConnectionPool.CreateHttp11ConnectionAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   at System.Net.Http.HttpConnectionPool.GetHttpConnectionAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   at System.Net.Http.HttpConnectionPool.SendWithRetryAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, Boolean doRequestAuth, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   at System.Net.Http.RedirectHandler.SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   at System.Net.Http.HttpClient.FinishSendAsyncBuffered(Task`1 sendTask, HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationTokenSource cts, Boolean disposeCts)

我是否需要添加一些 SSL 命令才能建立安全连接？

编辑2： callURL()

中添加命令后的新错误

---> System.Security.Authentication.AuthenticationException: The remote certificate is invalid according to the validation procedure.
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.StartSendAuthResetSignal(ProtocolToken message, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest, ExceptionDispatchInfo exception)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.CheckCompletionBeforeNextReceive(ProtocolToken message, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.StartSendBlob(Byte[] incoming, Int32 count, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.ProcessReceivedBlob(Byte[] buffer, Int32 count, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.StartReadFrame(Byte[] buffer, Int32 readBytes, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.StartReceiveBlob(Byte[] buffer, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.CheckCompletionBeforeNextReceive(ProtocolToken message, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.StartSendBlob(Byte[] incoming, Int32 count, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.ProcessReceivedBlob(Byte[] buffer, Int32 count, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.StartReadFrame(Byte[] buffer, Int32 readBytes, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.PartialFrameCallback(AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest)
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.ThrowIfExceptional()
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.InternalEndProcessAuthentication(LazyAsyncResult lazyResult)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.EndProcessAuthentication(IAsyncResult result)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.EndAuthenticateAsClient(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
   at System.Net.Security.SslStream.<>c.<AuthenticateAsClientAsync>b__65_1(IAsyncResult iar)
   at System.Threading.Tasks.TaskFactory`1.FromAsyncCoreLogic(IAsyncResult iar, Func`2 endFunction, Action`1 endAction, Task`1 promise, Boolean requiresSynchronization)
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Net.Http.ConnectHelper.EstablishSslConnectionAsyncCore(Stream stream, SslClientAuthenticationOptions sslOptions, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
   at System.Net.Http.ConnectHelper.EstablishSslConnectionAsyncCore(Stream stream, SslClientAuthenticationOptions sslOptions, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   at System.Net.Http.HttpConnectionPool.ConnectAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, Boolean allowHttp2, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   at System.Net.Http.HttpConnectionPool.CreateHttp11ConnectionAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   at System.Net.Http.HttpConnectionPool.GetHttpConnectionAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   at System.Net.Http.HttpConnectionPool.SendWithRetryAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, Boolean doRequestAuth, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   at System.Net.Http.RedirectHandler.SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   at System.Net.Http.HttpClient.FinishSendAsyncBuffered(Task`1 sendTask, HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationTokenSource cts, Boolean disposeCts)

Answer 1

System.IO.IOException: The response ended prematurely 表示您向其发出 HTTP 请求的服务器在未发回完整响应的情况下关闭了连接。

它与您的客户端代码没有任何关系，因为它看起来可以正确编译和发送内容。

是的，您应该使用 await client.PostAsync，但 与您的问题完全不相关。

仔细检查 http://127.0.0.1:5001 是否 100% 正确 - 可能是 https:// 或者不在端口 5001.

如果它是使用 HTTPS 的端点，您可能会收到 System.Security.Authentication.AuthenticationException: The remote certificate is invalid according to the validation procedure.，因为它看起来像是在调用本地端点。

.NET 默认执行 SSL 证书验证，如果您尝试调用拥有 no/invalid SSL 证书的 HTTPS 端点，则会抛出异常。您可能没有在您的机器上正确设置本地主机证书。

目前，您可以通过设置 ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback to always return true using HttpClientHandler.DangerousAcceptAnyServerCertificateValidator

绕过检查

像下面这样初始化你的HttpClient：

public static bool callURL(string url)
{
  bool Result = false;

  var httpClientHandler = new HttpClientHandler();
  
  #if DEBUG
  httpClientHandler.ServerCertificateCustomValidationCallback = HttpClientHandler.DangerousAcceptAnyServerCertificateValidator;
  #endif

  HttpClient client = new HttpClient(httpClientHandler);
  ...
}

但是，请注意允许所有 SSL 证书如果在本地开发环境以外的任何地方使用，都会存在安全风险。

阅读：斯坦福大学The most dangerous code in the world: validating SSL certificates in non-browser software

Answer 2

我在将 .net Framework 项目移植到 .net Core 时遇到了类似的问题。我设法通过使用 WinHttpHandler 解决了这个问题：

var handler = new WinHttpHandler();
handler.SslProtocols = System.Security.Authentication.SslProtocols.Tls12;
handler.TcpKeepAliveEnabled = true;

using (var hc = new HttpClient(handler))
{
    return wc.GetStringAsync(new Uri(apiUrl)).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
}

为什么在 C# 中使用 HttpClient 时得到 "The response ended prematurely"？

Why do I get "The response ended prematurely" when using the HttpClient in C#?

c#

http

httpclient

.net-core