依赖列表的 JUnit 测试构造函数注入

JUnit Test Constructor Injection of List of Dependencies

我正在尝试为以下 class 编写测试,其中映射字段是通过构造函数注入和依赖项参数列表注入的。我如何模拟依赖项?

@Component
public class ComponentInputValidator {
    private final Map<String, FaceInterface> faceMap;
    private final Map<String, ArmsInterface> armsMap;
    private final Map<String, MobilityInterface> mobilityMap;
    private final Map<String, MaterialInterface> materialMap;
    private final RobotComponentStock robotComponentStock;

    public ComponentInputValidator(List<MaterialInterface> materialList, 
                                   List<FaceInterface> faceList, 
                                   List<ArmsInterface> armsList,
                                   List<MobilityInterface> mobilityList,  
                                   RobotComponentStock robotComponentStock){
        this.faceMap = faceList.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(faceInterface -> faceInterface.getCode().name(), Function.identity()));
        this.armsMap = armsList.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(armsInterface -> armsInterface.getCode().name(), Function.identity()));
        this.mobilityMap = mobilityList.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(mobilityInterface -> mobilityInterface.getCode().name(), Function.identity()));
        this.materialMap = materialList.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(materialInterface -> materialInterface.getCode().name(), Function.identity()));
        this.robotComponentStock = robotComponentStock;
    }

    public boolean validateStockAvailability(RobotComponent robotComponent){
        String face = robotComponent.getFace();
        String arms = robotComponent.getArms();
        String mobility = robotComponent.getMobility();
        String material = robotComponent.getMaterial();

        Code faceCode = faceMap.get(face).getCode();
        Code armsCode = armsMap.get(arms).getCode();
        Code mobilityCode = mobilityMap.get(mobility).getCode();
        Code materialCode = materialMap.get(material).getCode();


        if (robotComponentStock.getQuantity(faceCode)<1 ...{
            ...
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }
}

FaceInterface、ArmsInterface、MobilityInterface、MaterialInterface 是具有不同实现的接口。

我尝试了什么:

    @MockBean
    private RobotComponentStock robotComponentStock;
    @MockBean
    private List<FaceInterface> faceInterfaceList;
    @MockBean
    private List<MobilityInterface> mobilityInterfaceList;
    @MockBean
    private List<ArmsInterface> armsInterfaceList;
    @MockBean
    private List<MaterialInterface> materialInterfaceList;
    @InjectMocks
    private ComponentInputValidator componentInputValidator;

出现错误: org.mockito.exceptions.misusing.InjectMocksException: 无法实例化类型为 'class com.demo.robot_factory.service.ComponentInputValidator' 的名为 'componentInputValidator' 的 @InjectMocks 字段。 您没有在字段声明中提供实例,所以我尝试构建实例。 但是构造函数或初始化块抛出异常:null 对于行

faceList.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(faceInterface -> faceInterface.getCode().name(), Function.identity()));

您在测试中混合了两个不同的概念@MockBean 集成测试 中使用的 Spring 注释。它将创建一个模拟,Spring 的正常注入机制会将其注入到您的 Bean 中。
另一方面,@InjectMock 单元测试 中使用的来自 Mockito 的注释。

我可以就以下主题推荐此博客 Post: @Mock vs. @MockBean When Testing Spring Boot Applications

如果您想编写单元测试,我建议将所有 @MockBean 注释替换为 Mockitos @Mock

// same for the other dependencies you want to mock
@Mock
private List<MaterialInterface> materialInterfaceList;

@InjectMocks
private ComponentInputValidator componentInputValidator;

这应该可以修复异常。


查看您的代码,我建议您采用完全不同的测试方法。
我不明白你为什么要首先模拟列表。您不能只实例化列表并手动构建 ComponentInputValidator 吗?例如:

@Test
void test(){
  List<MaterialInterface> materialList = List.of(...)
  //initialize your other dependencies here

  //pass all Lists into the constructor
  var validator = new ComponentInputValidator(materialList,...)

  //make your assertions on the validator
}