Python 解析嵌套的 JSON 文件并取出特定属性

Question

所以我这里有一个大 JSON 文件，如下所示：

data = {
    "Module1": {
        "Description": "",
        "Layer": "1",
        "SourceDir": "pathModule1",
        "Attributes": {
            "some",
        },
        "Vendor": "comp",
        "components":{
            "Component1": {
               "path": "something",
               "includes": [
                   "include1",
                   "include2",
                   "include3",
                   "include4",
                   "include5"
               ]
               "generated:" "txt"
               "memory:" "txt"
               etc
            },
            "Component2":{
               "path": "something",
               "includes": [
                   "include1",
                   "include2",
                   "include3",
                   "include4",
                   "include5"
               ]
               "generated:" "txt"
               "memory:" "txt"
               etc
            }
        }
    },
    "Module2": {
        "Description": "",
        "Layer": "2",
        "SourceDir": "pathModule2",
        "Attributes": {
            "some",
        },
        "Vendor": "comp",
        "components":{
            "Component1": {
               "path": "something",
               "includes": [
                   "include1",
                   "include2",
                   "include3",
                   "include4",
                   "include5"
               ]
               "generated:" "txt"
               "memory:" "txt"
               etc
            },
            "Component2":{
               "path": "something",
               "includes": [
                   "include1",
                   "include2",
                   "include3",
                   "include4",
                   "include5"
               ]
               "generated:" "txt"
               "memory:" "txt"
               etc
            }
        }
    },
    "Module3": {
        "Description": "",
        "Layer": "3",
        "SourceDir": "path",
        "Attributes": {
            "some",
        },
        "Vendor": "",
    },
    "Module4": {
        "Description": "",
        "Layer": "4",
        "SourceDir": "path",
        "Attributes": {
            "some",
        }
    }
}

我必须仔细检查并从中取出一些东西，所以最后我得到了这个：

每当 Vendor 字段等于“comp”时，考虑该模块，考虑它的 SourceDir 文件、所有组件、它们的路径和包含。

所以输出将是：

Module1，“pathModule1”，组件：[Component1，路径，[包括：include1，include2，include3，include4，include5]]，[Component2，路径，包括：[include1，include2，include3，include4，include5 ]]

Module2，“pathModule2”，组件：[Component1，路径，[包括：include1，include2，include3，include4，include5]]，[Component2，路径，包括：[include1，include2，include3，include4，include5 ]]

我真的很难访问我需要的所有字段。

我目前的代码是这样的：

with open ("DB.json", 'r') as f:
    modules= json.load(f)

for k in modules.keys():
    try:
        if swc_list[k]["Vendor"] == "comp":
            list_components.append(k)
            sourceDirList.append(swc_list[k]['SourceDir'])
            for i in swc_list[k]['sw_objects']:
                 list_sw_objects.append((swc_list[k]['sw_objects']))
    except KeyError:
        continue

我只能获取 Module1 和 sourceDir，但不能获取 Component1、2 及其属性。我怎样才能做到这一点？

谢谢！

Answer 1

我会先过滤掉您不感兴趣的项目，方法如下：

data = {k: v for k,v in data.items() if v.get("Vendor") == "comp"}

这将删除所有您不需要的模块。这有点低效，因为您正在第二次解析字典以获取所需格式的数据，但作为第一步更容易推理，这很有帮助！

此时你可以根据需要再次遍历字典——你会得到类似的东西：

{'Module1': {'Attributes': {'some'},
             'Description': '',
             'Layer': '1',
             'SourceDir': 'pathModule1',
             'Vendor': 'comp',
             'components': {'Component1': {'includes': ['include1',
                                                        'include2',
                                                        'include3',
                                                        'include4',
                                                        'include5'],
                                           'path': 'something'},
                            'Component2': {'includes': ['include1',
                                                        'include2',
                                                        'include3',
                                                        'include4',
                                                        'include5'],
                                           'path': 'something'}}},
 'Module2': {'Attributes': {'some'},
             'Description': '',
             'Layer': '2',
             'SourceDir': 'pathModule2',
             'Vendor': 'comp',
             'components': {'Component1': {'includes': ['include1',
                                                        'include2',
                                                        'include3',
                                                        'include4',
                                                        'include5'],
                                           'path': 'something'},
                            'Component2': {'includes': ['include1',
                                                        'include2',
                                                        'include3',
                                                        'include4',
                                                        'include5'],
                                           'path': 'something'}}}}

要仅打印源目录和组件，您可以这样做：

for k,v in data2.items():
    print(k, v["SourceDir"], v["components"])

这会给你：

Module1 pathModule1 {'Component1': {'path': 'something', 'includes': ['include1', 'include2', 'include3', 'include4', 'include5']}, 'Component2': {'path': 'something', 'includes': ['include1', 'include2', 'include3', 'include4', 'include5']}}
Module2 pathModule2 {'Component1': {'path': 'something', 'includes': ['include1', 'include2', 'include3', 'include4', 'include5']}, 'Component2': {'path': 'something', 'includes': ['include1', 'include2', 'include3', 'include4', 'include5']}}

编辑： 要进一步细化输出，您可以将上述循环更改为：

for k,v in data2.items():
    components = [(comp_name, comp_data["path"], comp_data["includes"]) for comp_name, comp_data in v["components"].items()]
    print(k, v["SourceDir"], components)

这会给你：

Module1 pathModule1 [('Component1', 'something', ['include1', 'include2', 'include3', 'include4', 'include5']), ('Component2', 'something', ['include1', 'include2', 'include3', 'include4', 'include5'])]
Module2 pathModule2 [('Component1', 'something', ['include1', 'include2', 'include3', 'include4', 'include5']), ('Component2', 'something', ['include1', 'include2', 'include3', 'include4', 'include5'])]

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