具有唯一 属性 的 TypeScript 对象集

TypeScript object set with unique property

我只写了这样的界面:

interface IProduct {
  id: number;
  name: string;
  price: number;
  description?: string;
}

现在我想 id 在 ReadonlyArray 中是唯一的。因此,当创建一些产品时,我想防止添加具有相同 ID 的对象。包含产品的数组将在文件中创建一次,并且不会被修改。

你有什么想法吗? JS Set 将是很好的解决方案,但我无法向它们添加自己的比较器。 请不要提供需要额外框架等的解决方案

你想要编译时保证吗?我怀疑这在 TypeScript 中是否可行。编辑:看到其他答案后也许是可能的。

然而,JavaScript代码非常简单:

let products = new Map();

let product = {
  id: 1,
  name: "Foo",
  price: 99,
  description: "Bar",
};

// This will update an existing item if it has the same ID
products.set(product.id, product);

// Alternatively, you can check if one already exists in keep the original item
if (!products.has(product.id)) {
  products.set(product.id, product);
}

您可以使用一组函数将此代码包装在您自己的 class 中:

class ProductList {
  constructor() {
    this.items = new Map();
  }

  add(product) {
    if(!this.items.has(product.id)) {
      this.items.set(product.id, product);
    }
  }

  values() {
    // iterate over values
    // this will respect insertion order
    return this.items.values();
  }

  // any other methods you'd like...
}

如果您需要通过索引进行随机访问,您可以在 class 中存储一个数组,该数组与集合一起保存 in-sync/updated。这应该不会太难编写代码。

您提到的是 ReadonlyArray。我想你可以尝试让你的 class 实现这个接口,如果你想要的话。

此示例使用类型系统来静态验证是否存在重复项。


interface IProduct<Id extends number> {
    id: Id
    name: string;
}

const product = <Id extends number>(id: Id, name: string) => ({ id, name })

type Validation<
    Products extends IProduct<number>[],
    Accumulator extends IProduct<number>[] = []>
    =
    (Products extends []
        // #1 Last call
        ? Accumulator
        // #2 All calls but last
        : (Products extends [infer Head, ...infer Tail]
            ? (Head extends IProduct<number>
                // #3 Check whether [id] property already exists in our accumulator 
                ? (Head['id'] extends Accumulator[number]['id']
                    ? (Tail extends IProduct<number>[]
                        // #4 [id] property is a duplicate, hence we need to replace it with [never] in order to trigger the error
                        ? Validation<Tail, [...Accumulator, { id: never, name: Head['name'] }]>
                        : never)
                    // #5 [id] is not a duplicate, hence we can add to our accumulator whole product
                    : (Tail extends IProduct<number>[]
                        ? Validation<Tail, [...Accumulator, Head]>
                        : never)
                )
                : never)
            : never)
    )

type Ok = Validation<[{ id: 1, name: '1' }, { id: 2, name: '2' }]>
type Fail = Validation<[{ id: 1, name: '1' }, { id: 1, name: '2' }]> // id:never

const builder = <
    Product extends IProduct<number>,
    Products extends Product[]
>(...products: [...Products] & Validation<Products>) => products

builder(product(1, 'John'), product(2, 'Doe'))

Playground

Validation - 递归迭代所有传递给函数的产品。如果累加器类型中已经存在 product[id] - 将 id 属性 替换为 never,否则只需将乘积添加到累加器。

请看评论#1,#2....

如果您不想使用 rest 运算符,请考虑以下示例:


interface IProduct<Id extends number> {
    id: Id
    name: string;
}

const product = <Id extends number>(id: Id, name: string) => ({ id, name })

type Validation<
    Products extends IProduct<number>[],
    Accumulator extends IProduct<number>[] = []>
    =
    (Products extends []
        // #1 Last call
        ? Accumulator
        // #2 All calls but last
        : (Products extends [infer Head, ...infer Tail]
            ? (Head extends IProduct<number>
                // #3 Check whether [id] property already exists in our accumulator 
                ? (Head['id'] extends Accumulator[number]['id']
                    ? (Tail extends IProduct<number>[]
                        // #4 [id] property is a duplicate, hence we need to replace it with [never] in order to trigger the error
                        ? Validation<Tail, [...Accumulator, { id: never, name: Head['name'] }]>
                        : 1)
                    // #5 [id] is not a duplicate, hence we can add to our accumulator whole product
                    : (Tail extends IProduct<number>[]
                        ? Validation<Tail, [...Accumulator, Head]>
                        : 2)
                )
                : 3)
            : Products)
    )


type Ok = Validation<[{ id: 1, name: '1' }, { id: 2, name: '2' }]>
type Fail = Validation<[{ id: 1, name: '1' }, { id: 1, name: '2' }]> // id:never

const builder = <
    Id extends number,
    Product extends IProduct<Id>,
    Products extends Product[]
>(products: Validation<[...Products]>) => products

builder([product(1, 'John'), product(1, 'John')]) // error

Playground

如果你对静态验证感兴趣,可以查看我的article