用于多处理的 tkinter 进度条

Question

我有一个加密文件的程序，我使用多处理来使其更快，但我在使用 tkinter 进度条时遇到问题。

我已经实现了它，但它立即完成或滞后于两者之间。进度条刚刚完成到 100%，但文件仍在加密，我没有收到任何错误。

files 包含文件列表。

下面是我实现它的方式。

def progbar():
    global pb_lable
    global percent
    global pbar
    global percentlabel
    global pbar_frame
   
    pb_lable = tk.Label(root, text='Progress', font = "Raleway 13 bold")
    pb_lable.grid(row=5, columnspan=2, sticky='w', padx=(35))

    pbar_frame = tk.Frame(root)
    pbar_frame.grid(row=6, columnspan=2)

    pbar = Progressbar(pbar_frame,orient='horizontal',length=500,mode='determinate')
    pbar.grid(row=7,column=0, pady=10, padx=20)

    percent = tk.StringVar()
    percentlabel = tk.Label(root, textvariable=percent, font='Raleway 15')
    percentlabel.grid(row=5,columnspan=2,pady=10, padx=120, sticky='w')


def encryptfn(key, a):
    f = Fernet(key)
    return f.encrypt(a)

def enc(key, process_pool, file):
    task = len(files)
    x = 0
    with open(file,'rb') as original_file:
        original = original_file.read()
    encrypted = process_pool.apply(encryptfn, args=(key, original,))
    with open (file,'wb') as encrypted_file:
        encrypted_file.write(encrypted)
    
    pbar['value']+=100/task
    x = x+1
    percent.set(str(int((x/task)*100))+'%')
    root.update_idletasks()

def encfile():
    password = bytes('asdasd', 'utf-8')
    salt = bytes('zxcasd','utf-8')
    global files
    files = filistbox.get(0,'end')

    if len(files) == 0:
        fierrorbox()
    elif len(password) == 0:
        passerrorbox()
    else:
        file_enc_button['state']='disabled'
        browsefi['state']='disabled'

        kdf = PBKDF2HMAC(
            algorithm=hashes.SHA256(),
            length=32,
            salt=salt,
            iterations=100,
            backend=default_backend())
        key = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(kdf.derive(password))

        MAX_THREADS = 300
        pool_size = min(MAX_THREADS, cpu_count(), len(files))
        process_pool = Pool(pool_size)
        thread_pool = ThreadPool(min(MAX_THREADS, len(files)))
        worker = partial(enc, key, process_pool)
        thread_pool.map(worker, files)

        root.event_generate("<<encryption_done>>")
        
        file_enc_button['state']='active'
        browsefi['state']='active'

def run_encfile():
    root.bind('<<encryption_done>>', encryption_done)
    Thread(target=encfile).start()

def encryption_done(*args):
    fiencdone()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = tk.Tk()

    browsefi = tk.Button(root, text='Browse', command=fibrowse, borderwidth=3)
    browsefi.grid(row=2,column=0,padx=5, pady=5)

    ##  File list  ##
    filist_frame = tk.Frame(root)
    filist_frame.grid(row=3, columnspan=2)

    filistbox = tk.Listbox(filist_frame, width=40, height=10)
    filistbox.grid(row=3,columnspan=2, pady=10)

    ## Button ##
    fibutton_frame = tk.Frame(root)
    fibutton_frame.grid(row=4, columnspan=2)

    file_enc_button = tk.Button(fibutton_frame, text='Encrypt', width=15, command=run_encfile, borderwidth=3)
    file_enc_button.grid(row=4,column=0,padx=10,pady=15)

    progbar()
    percent.set('0%')
    root.mainloop()

Answer 1

问题出现在函数 enc 中，您不断将变量 x 重置回 0。

您需要一个初始化为 0 的全局变量，例如 tasks_completed，它跟踪已完成的加密次数，并在 enc 内使用语句 [=16] 递增=].从技术上讲，这等同于 tasks_completed = tasks_completed + 1 并且不是原子操作，理论上线程可能会在读取 tasks_completed 的值后被中断，因此两个线程将更新 tasks_completed 到相同的值。因此，为了完全安全，此更新应该在 multithreading.Lock 的控制下完成，以确保一次只有一个线程可以进行更新。

将函数 enc 替换为：

from threading import Lock
tasks_completed = 0

def enc(key, process_pool, lock, file):
    global tasks_completed

    with open(file,'rb') as original_file:
        original = original_file.read()
    encrypted = process_pool.apply(encryptfn, args=(key, original,))
    with open (file,'wb') as encrypted_file:
        encrypted_file.write(encrypted)
    encrypted = process_pool.apply(encryptfn, args=(key, file,))

    with lock:
        tasks_completed += 1
    percentage_completed = int((tasks_completed / len(files)) * 100)

    pbar['value'] = percentage_completed
    percent.set(f'{percentage_completed}%')
    root.update_idletasks()

并创建一个multiprocessing.Lock实例并将其传递给函数encfile中的enc，修改函数如下：


        lock = Lock() # create lock
        # add additional lock argument to enc:
        worker = partial(enc, key, process_pool, lock)

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