Flutter TlsException：无法信任内置根

Question

我正在尝试使用 HttpClient 在 Flutter 应用程序中执行 SSL 证书固定。我之前已经成功地在本机 Android 应用程序中执行了固定。这是我收到的错误消息：

E/flutter (28810): [ERROR:flutter/lib/ui/ui_dart_state.cc(209)] Unhandled Exception: Exception: TlsException: Failure trusting builtin roots (OS Error: 
E/flutter (28810):      BAD_PKCS12_DATA(pkcs8_x509.c:645), errno = 0)
E/flutter (28810): #0      _SecurityContext.setTrustedCertificatesBytes (dart:io-patch/secure_socket_patch.dart:233:59)
E/flutter (28810): #1      ApiProvider._clientWithPinnedCertificate (package:app/api/api.provider.dart:68:13)
E/flutter (28810): #2      ApiProvider.makePostRequest (package:app/api/api.provider.dart:45:11)
E/flutter (28810): #3      _fireAuthenticationRequestIsolate (package:app/api/repositories/auth.repository.dart:14:41)
E/flutter (28810): #4      _IsolateConfiguration.apply (package:flutter/src/foundation/_isolates_io.dart:84:34)
E/flutter (28810): #5      _spawn.<anonymous closure> (package:flutter/src/foundation/_isolates_io.dart:91:65)
E/flutter (28810): #6      _spawn.<anonymous closure> (package:flutter/src/foundation/_isolates_io.dart:90:5)
E/flutter (28810): #7      Timeline.timeSync (dart:developer/timeline.dart:163:22)
E/flutter (28810): #8      _spawn (package:flutter/src/foundation/_isolates_io.dart:88:35)
E/flutter (28810): #9      _delayEntrypointInvocation.<anonymous closure> (dart:isolate-patch/isolate_patch.dart:286:17)
E/flutter (28810): #10     _RawReceivePortImpl._handleMessage (dart:isolate-patch/isolate_patch.dart:184:12)

下载 .cer 文件后，我使用以下命令将其转换为 .pem：

openssl x509 -inform pem -in test.ca -outform der -out test.pem

我从 assets 文件夹加载证书，如下所示：

const certificatePath = 'assets/test.pem';
final certificateBytes = await rootBundle.load(certificatePath);
final certificate = certificateBytes.buffer.asUint8List();

这是触发 HTTP POST 请求的 API 提供商的代码

class ApiProvider {
  final String _baseURL;

  ApiProvider(String baseURL) : _baseURL = baseURL;

  Future<String> makePostRequest(
    String endpoint,
    Map<String, dynamic> body, {
    Map<String, String>? headers,
    bool setTrustedCertificate = false,
  }) async {
    final client = setTrustedCertificate
        ? _clientWithPinnedCertificate()
        : HttpClient();

    final url = Uri.https(_baseURL, endpoint);
    final response = await client.postUrl(url)
      ..headers.addAll(headers ?? <String, String>{})
      ..write(json.encode(body));
    final request = await response.close();

    if (request.statusCode < 200 || request.statusCode >= 300) {
      throw ApiException(
        request.statusCode,
        request.reasonPhrase,
      );
    }
    final responseBody = await request
        .transform(const Utf8Decoder(allowMalformed: true))
        .reduce((previous, element) => previous + element);
    return responseBody;
  }

  HttpClient _clientWithPinnedCertificate() {
    final context = SecurityContext();
    context.setTrustedCertificatesBytes(
      GlobalConstants.certificate,
      password: certificatePassword,
    );
    final client = HttpClient(context: context);

    client.badCertificateCallback = (
      X509Certificate certificate,
      String host,
      int port,
    ) {
      print('Bad certificate: ${certificate.sha1} for host $host:$port');
      return false;
    };

    return client;
  }
}

Answer 1

经过长时间尝试各种配置后，我设法找到了解决方案，而且比我想象的要深入一些。

首先，确保您没有在单独的隔离区调用 rootBundle.load()。我一直在这样做，这引发了模棱两可的错误。

其次，如果您有 .p12 文件，则不需要 .ca（或转换为 .pem）。您所要做的就是使用以下代码片段

// Here, certificate is a Uint8List
final context = SecurityContext.defaultContext
    ..useCertificateChainBytes(
        certificate,
        password: /* input certificate passphrase */
    ),
    ..usePrivateKeyBytes(
        certificate,
        password: /* input certificate passphrase */
    );

final client = HttpClient(context: context);
client.badCertificateCallback = (
    X509Certificate cert,
    String host,
    int port,
) {
    // Handle certificate that can't be authenticated
    // Returning 'true' by itself is not really safe...
    return true;
};

确保在这两种情况下都提供密码。

Flutter TlsException：无法信任内置根

Flutter TlsException: Failure trusting builtin roots

ssl

ssl-certificate

dart

flutter

sslpinning