框架不显示组件，除非调整大小 (JAVA AWT)。无法修复

Question

我正在研究计算器。我添加了一些按钮和一个文本字段。我面临的问题是，当我运行我的项目时，它不显示作为按钮的组件，但是当我调整框架大小时，按钮立即出现。这并不总是有时会出现按钮，有时直到调整框架大小后才会出现。尝试增加框架的宽度和高度，但这对我没有帮助。当按钮未显示时，我附上了计算器的代码和图像

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class CalculatorUsingAWT {
    CalculatorUsingAWT(){
        Frame frame = new Frame("CALCKY");
        Panel panel_1 = new Panel();
        panel_1.setBounds(0,0,400,100);
        panel_1.setBackground(new Color(43, 11, 51));
        frame.add(panel_1);
        frame.setLayout(null);
        frame.setBounds(550,100,400,549);
//        frame.setResizable(false);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        textField.setBounds(25,45,350,40);
        textField.setBackground(new Color(43, 11, 51));
        textField.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
        textField.setFont(new Font("SAN_SERIF",Font.BOLD,30));
        textField.setEditable(false);
        panel_1.setLayout(null);
        panel_1.add(textField);

        Panel panel_2 = new Panel();
        panel_2.setLayout(new GridLayout(6,4));
        panel_2.setBounds(0,100,401,450);
        panel_2.setBackground(new Color(43, 11, 51));
        frame.add(panel_2);
        Button button_1 = new Button("1");
        button_1.setBackground(new Color(43, 11, 51));
        button_1.setFont(new Font("ARIAL",Font.BOLD,30));
        button_1.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
        Button button_2 = new Button("2");
        button_2.setBackground(new Color(43, 11, 51));
        button_2.setFont(new Font("ARIAL",Font.BOLD,30));
        button_2.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
        Button button_3 = new Button("3");
        button_3.setBackground(new Color(43, 11, 51));
        button_3.setFont(new Font("ARIAL",Font.BOLD,30));
        button_3.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
        Button button_4 = new Button("4");
        button_4.setBackground(new Color(43, 11, 51));
        button_4.setFont(new Font("ARIAL",Font.BOLD,30));
        button_4.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
        Button button_5 = new Button("5");
        button_5.setBackground(new Color(43, 11, 51));
        button_5.setFont(new Font("ARIAL",Font.BOLD,30));
        button_5.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
        Button button_6 = new Button("6");
        button_6.setBackground(new Color(43, 11, 51));
        button_6.setFont(new Font("ARIAL",Font.BOLD,30));
        button_6.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
        Button button_7 = new Button("7");
        button_7.setBackground(new Color(43, 11, 51));
        button_7.setFont(new Font("ARIAL",Font.BOLD,30));
        button_7.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
        Button button_8 = new Button("8");
        button_8.setBackground(new Color(43, 11, 51));
        button_8.setFont(new Font("ARIAL",Font.BOLD,30));
        button_8.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
        Button button_9 = new Button("9");
        button_9.setBackground(new Color(43, 11, 51));
        button_9.setFont(new Font("ARIAL",Font.BOLD,30));
        button_9.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
        Button button_10 = new Button("+");
        button_10.setBackground(new Color(43, 11, 51));
        button_10.setFont(new Font("ARIAL",Font.BOLD,30));
        button_10.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
        Button button_11 = new Button("-");
        button_11.setBackground(new Color(43, 11, 51));
        button_11.setFont(new Font("ARIAL",Font.BOLD,30));
        button_11.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
        Button button_12 = new Button("*");
        button_12.setBackground(new Color(43, 11, 51));
        button_12.setFont(new Font("ARIAL",Font.BOLD,30));
        button_12.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
        Button button_13 = new Button("/");
        button_13.setBackground(new Color(43, 11, 51));
        button_13.setFont(new Font("ARIAL",Font.BOLD,30));
        button_13.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
        Button button_14 = new Button("=");
        button_14.setBackground(Color.BLUE);
        button_14.setFont(new Font("ARIAL",Font.BOLD,30));
        button_14.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
        Button button_15 = new Button("%");
        button_15.setBackground(new Color(43, 11, 51));
        button_15.setFont(new Font("ARIAL",Font.BOLD,30));
        button_15.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
        Button button_16 = new Button("CE");
        button_16.setBackground(new Color(43, 11, 51));
        button_16.setFont(new Font("ARIAL",Font.BOLD,30));
        button_16.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
        Button button_17 = new Button("C");
        button_17.setBackground(new Color(43, 11, 51));
        button_17.setFont(new Font("ARIAL",Font.BOLD,30));
        button_17.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
        Button button_18 = new Button("x^2");
        button_18.setBackground(new Color(43, 11, 51));
        button_18.setFont(new Font("ARIAL",Font.BOLD,30));
        button_18.setForeground(Color.WHITE);

        panel_2.add(button_1);
        panel_2.add(button_2);
        panel_2.add(button_3);
        panel_2.add(button_4);
        panel_2.add(button_5);
        panel_2.add(button_6);
        panel_2.add(button_7);
        panel_2.add(button_8);
        panel_2.add(button_9);
        panel_2.add(button_10);
        panel_2.add(button_11);
        panel_2.add(button_12);
        panel_2.add(button_13);
        panel_2.add(button_14);
        panel_2.add(button_15);
        panel_2.add(button_16);
        panel_2.add(button_17);
        panel_2.add(button_18);



    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new CalculatorUsingAWT();
    }
}

Answer 1

这里的问题是 GUI 在设置为可见之前没有添加和验证组件（在 pack() 操作期间调用）。

frame.setLayout(null); 删除它。布置组件。有关布局计算器的一种方法，请参阅 this answer。

实际上要使用布局而不是 null 将该代码转换为 all，请使用 BorderLayout。将 TextField 放入 BorderLayout.PAGE_START 并将 GridLayout 与按钮放入 BorderLayout.CENTER - 布局完成！
frame.setVisible(true); 把它移到最后，紧跟在 frame.pack(); 之后。这将使 GUI 具有所需的确切大小，以容纳 GUI 中的组件。

框架不显示组件，除非调整大小 (JAVA AWT)。无法修复

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